Slide 125 Aug 2009 Linde Comments to CEC 29 September 2009.
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Transcript of Slide 125 Aug 2009 Linde Comments to CEC 29 September 2009.
Slide 1 25 Aug 2009
Linde Comments to CEC29 September 2009
Slide 2 25 Aug 2009
There are some advantages to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
BPEV.XLS; 'Compound' AS146 5/13 /2009
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Range (miles)
Vehicle Test Mass (kg)
PbA Battery EV
Li-Ion Battery EV
NiMH Battery EV
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
Batteries weigh more
BPEV.XLS; 'Compound' AS113 5/13 /2009
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Range (miles)
Energy Storage System Volume(liters)
PbA Battery
NiMH Battery Li-Ion Battery
Fuel Cell +Hydrogen Tanks
(35 MPa)
(70 Mpa)
Batteries take up more space
Grid Mix: US BPEV.XLS; 'Compound' AQ200 5/13 /2009
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Range (miles)
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2 -equivalent grams/mile) PbA Battery EV
Li-Ion Battery
EV
NiMHBattery EV
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
Conventional Gasoline Vehicle
Batteries are poor at GHG reduction
Story Simultaneous.XLS; Tab 'AFV Cost'; E 33 3/15 /2009
Story Simultaneous.XLS; Tab 'AFV Cost'; N 51 3/15 /2009
$- $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000
BEV
PHEV-60
PHEV-30
FCEV
PHEV-10
HEV
Incremental Cost Compared to Advanced ICEV in 2030
Batteries cost more
Slide 3 25 Aug 2009
Infrastructure – Path Towards Commercialization
Advances in Infrastructure -- Linde perspective
• Release A refueling
• Ionic technology
• Product Portfolio
• Cost reduction
Slide 4 25 Aug 2009
Advances in Infrastructure Release A Refueling
280 Nm³/h, 2,400 Nm³/h in booster mode
Initial commissioning 05/2009
Station Opening 06/2009
OMVStuttgart, Germany
240 Nm³/h, 1,200 Nm³/h in booster mode
In operation since 05/2008
Number of refuelings: 6,000
GMDudenhofen, Germany
240 Nm³/h, 1,200 Nm³/h in booster mode
In operation since 10/2008
Number of refuelings: 350
TOTALBerlin, Germany
Slide 5 25 Aug 2009
Advances in Infrastructure - Ionic Technology for the material handling market (250 and 350 bar )
Works like conventional piston
compressor
Solid piston is replaced by ionic liquid
Advantages:
-Nearly 100% volumetric efficiency
-Nearly isothermal compression
-Contamination free gas
compression
-Abrasion free
-Excellent conversion of electrical
energy into compression work
-Perfectly gas tight system
The compressor provides:
(i) low energy consumption and
(ii) high durability
H2 compression of up to 900 bar
250 or 350 bar
Continuous fast fueling with 20 kg/h,in booster mode up to 70 kg/h
Ionic Compressors – Basic facts Product example: Ionic Fueler 42 FLT
Slide 6 25 Aug 2009
Advances in Infrastructure - Reduction of captital equipment and operating costs
Example – Ionic Fueler
Ionic Conventional
Maintenance
OPEX
CAPEX
Ionic Compression
Conventional
32 %
48 %
20 %
45 %
9 %
18 %
-43 %
-7 %
-53 %
72%
100 %
lower investment costs better efficiency larger maintenance
intervals
lead to better economics of ionic compressor system
-28 %
Slide 7 25 Aug 2009
Advances in Infrastructure Cost Reduction
Cars per day – [#]
TC
O –
[U
SD
/ k
g,
%]
Focus – TCO of 700 bar technology
100
20
80
60
40
50 75 100
25
-90 %
5
Slide 8 25 Aug 2009
Critical Next StepsLarge Scale Infrastructure and Industrial Production?
Time
H2 vehicle fleet & H2 FS penetration
%
Demand(H2-vehicles)
0
Supply(H2-Fueling stations)
Slide 9 25 Aug 2009
Critical Next StepsThere‘s more than one way to minimize the “loss making steps“ …
Time
H2 vehicle fleet & H2 FS penetration
%
Supply(H2-Filling station)
Demand(H2-vehicle.)
0
Faster ramp-up of car park in catchment area
Modular station design:
• e.g., additional storage bundles
• e.g., upgrade to pre-cooling
12
• Relocate small station 1
• Build large station 2
Slide 10 25 Aug 2009
Commercialization will be reached through Government – Industry Partnership
Deployment of retail stations have some challenges…these can be overcome
Over the next several years, with additional station deployments equipment providers will continue to improve efficiency and reduce cost
Government support is critical to achieving profitable commercialization