Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiologyof the Speech, Language, & Hearing Mechanism

"The human brain has 100 billion neurons,each neuron connected to 10 thousand other

neurons. Sitting on your shoulders is the mostcomplicated object in the known universe."

- Michio Kaku

Fall 2020

SLHS 401

Table of Contents

MB 2113OFFICE

Expectations  ......................................................

Schedule .............................................................

Grading ...............................................................

Course policies  ..................................................

Competencies  ....................................................

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INSTRUCTOR

What is this course about?

This course is designed to familiarize you with the structureand function of the central nervous system, including thebrain, brainstem, and spinal cord. We will cover regions of thecerebral cortex and brainstem, the white-matter connectionsthat allow different parts of the brain to communicate witheach other, and the mechanisms of communication betweenneurons. We will also develop a basic understanding of howblood and cerebrospinal fluid flow throughout the system andsupport the activities of the brain and central nervous system.

INDIVIDUALMEETINGSMon 1:00-2:00Tues 4:00-5:00Wed 1:00-2:00

NAMEDr. Eve Higby

E-MAILeve.higby@csueastbay.edu

she/her/hers

TextbookNeuroscience Fundamentals for

Communication Sciences andDisorders by Richard Andreatta

A digital version of the textbook isavailable for free through the CSUEB

library website. 

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Drawing notebookRecommended:

A blank-page notebookor app for the drawing

activitiesINSTRUCTIONAL 

ASSISTANT

Daisy Medranoshe/her/hers

SUPPLEMENTALINSTRUCTION

Carmina Sanchezshe/her/hers

SLHS 401

What is expected of you

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Read the assigned readings of the textbookcarefully and take good notes.Study the material several different ways sothat you can commit it to memory.Monitor your own learning and seek out extraresources when necessary.Participate in a study group.The material is dense. Expect to spend aminimum of 6-8 hours of work outside oflecture videos each week.Contact me as soon as possible if you haveconcerns about being able to succeed in theclass. 

Identify all of the brain structures that relate tocognition and communicationExplain the functions of these structures, bothindividually and as part of a networkDraw neural pathways that subserve cognitiveand communicative functionsBe well prepared for all the graduate coursesrelevant to adult and child neurogenic disordersin the fields of Speech-Language Pathology andAudiology

By the end of the course,you will be able to: What you can expect from me

Designing activities and study questions thatwill support your learning.Timely responses to e-mails.Feedback on exams within 1 week.Transparency about what you are expected toknow for the exams.Commitment to helping each student acquirethe important concepts.Creation of an equitable classroomenvironment in which all students arerespected and able to learn.

WHAT WEWILL

LEARN

Schedule

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WEEK 1

Course overviewStudy StrategiesHistory of neuroscience

Ch 1 (pp. 3-4) "What isneuroscience?"

Ch 1 (pp. 9-10) "StudyStrategies and Tips"

WEEK 2

Glial cellsMyelinBlood-brain barrier

Ch 2 (pp. 26-31)

WEEK 3

Action potentialSynapsesNeurotransmittersNeural integration

Ch 3 (pp. 54-63) Start at "TheAction Potential"; Stop at"Structure of the ChemicalSynapse"

Ch 3 (p. 67) "ChemicalSynapse Function"

Ch 3 (pp. 72-82) Start at"Ending Chemical SynapseTransmission"

Structure of neuronsClasses of neurons

Ch 2 (pp. 11-19)

GradientsIonsMembrane potential

Ch 3 (pp. 35-41) Stop at "IonChannels"

Ch 3 (pp. 48-49)"Understanding MembranePotentials" and "MembraneVoltages are Created by aSeparation of Charges"

WEEK 4

Nervous systemGray and white matterEmbryologic developmentSpinal cord

Ch 4 (pp. 85-107)

NO CLASS

LABOR DAY

Schedule

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WEEK 5

Brainstem

Ch 4 (pp. 107-127, SKIPsections called "Medulla:Internal Features," "Pons:Internal Features," and"Mesencephalon: InternalFeatures")

WEEK 6

Cranial nerves V-VII

Ch 4 (pp. 138-152) Start at"CN V: Trigeminal"

WEEK 7

Cortical layers & columnsBrodmann's AreasSerial/parallel processingAssociation cortices

Ch 5 (pp. 183-199) Start at"The Cerebral Cortex"

Cranial nerve nucleiFunctional classificationCranial nerves I-IV

Ch 4 (pp. 128-138) Stop at"CN V: Trigeminal"

Diencephalon (Thalamus,Hypothalamus)Cerebral lobes

Ch 5 (pp. 155-162) Stop at"The Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis"

Ch 5 (pp. 167-183) Start at"The Cerebrum"; Stop at "TheCerebral Cortex"

WEEK 8

MeningesVentricular systemVascular system

Ch 5 (pp. 222-236) Start at"Protecting the CNS fromHarm"

Cerebral dominanceCerebellumWhite matter pathways

EXAM #1

WED-FRI

Ch 5 (pp. 208-222) Start at"InterhemisphericConnectivity and CerebralDominance"; Stop at"Protecting the CNS FromHarm"

ScheduleWEEK 9

MIDTERM REVIEW

WEEK 10

Central somatosensorypathwaysSomatosensory cortexNeuroplasticity

Ch 6 (pp. 272-209) Start at"Central SomatosensoryPathways"; Stop at"Outputs from theSomatosensory CorticalAreas"

Ch 6 (pp. 293-302) Start at"Neuroplasticity"

WEEK 11

Central auditory pathwaysVestibular system

Ch 7 (pp. 325-336)

Sensation and perceptionSomatosensory systemProprioceptionDermatomes

Ch 6 (pp. 245-260) Stop at"The PeripheralSomatosensory Apparatus"

Ch 6 (pp. 265-272) Start at"Proprioception Sense isMediated by..."; Stop at"Central SomatosensoryPathways"

Peripheral auditory systemCochleaMechanotransduction

Ch 7 (pp. 307-324)

WEEK 12

Central visual pathwayPrimary visual cortexDorsal/ventral streamsVisual deficits

Ch 8 (pp. 359-363) Start at"The Central Visual Pathway";Stop at last paragraph on 362starting with "Visual corticalcells..."

Ch 8 (pp. 366-372) Start at"Dorsal and Ventral VisualStreams"; Stop at"Noncortical SystemProjections"

Eye anatomyVisual fieldsRetinaPhototransduction

EXAM #2

WED-FRI

Ch 8 (pp. 339-355) Stop at"PhotoreceptorsDifferentially Activate ON-or OFF-Bipolar Cells"

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ScheduleWEEK 13

EXAM REVIEW

WEEK 14

Cortical motor pathwaysBrainstem motor pathways

Ch 11 (pp. 439-454) Stop atthe second paragraphstarting with "A wealth ofevidence..."

WEEK 15

Indirect motor controlsystems

Ch 11 (pp. 469-482) Start at"Indirect Motor ControlSystems"; Stop at "FunctionalDivisions of the Cerebellumand Their Input/OutputPathways"

Muscle tissueThe motor unitTypes of motor neuronsSkeletal muscle contraction

Ch 10 (pp. 403-405) Stop at"Hierarchical Organizationof Skeletal Muscle Tissue"

Ch 10 (pp. 426-436) Start at"The Motor Unit"

Cortical motor areasNeuroplasticityMotoneuron syndromesAutonomic nervous system

Ch 11 (pp. 462-469) Start at"The Premotor Cortex"; Stopat "Indirect Motor ControlSystems"

Ch 11 (pp. 488-494) Start at"The Autonomic NervousSystem"

WEEK 16

EXAM #3

WED-FRI

FINAL EXAM

WED-FRISTUDY!

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Please notify me as soon as possible if you anticipatemissing any exams for any reason.

The final grade will be composed of scores from learningactivities (drawings and brain scans), study questions,exams, and extra credit. A range of formative andsummative assessments will be utilized to documentstudent progress in the course.

We will draw brain structuresand pathways. Instructions

for each drawing will be givenin the lecture recordings. 

Drawings are due by Sunday at midnight.

All drawings: 20% of grade

Drawings

There will be three contentexams and one final exam. 

The content exams will coverall material assigned until the

point of the exam. The final exam is cumulative.

Content exams:10% of grade (each)

Final exam: 20% of grade

Exams

We will complete activitieswith actual MRI brain scans

using a program calledMango. Instructions will be

given in the lecturerecordings.

Due by Sunday at midnight.

All activities: 10% of grade

Brain Scan Activities

Create a graphical report,research poster, or

infographic on acommunication disorder

with a neurological origin.It does NOT need to be

printed.

Up to 5% added to grade

Extra Credit

GradingAA-B+BB-C+CC-D+DF

GRADING SCALE94 - 100%90 - 93%87 - 89%84 - 86%80 - 83%77 - 79%74 - 76%70 - 73%67 - 69%60 - 66%0 - 59%

All exams will be open for a 3-day period (Wednesday-Friday). Studentswho miss an exam must provide justification for not completing the exambefore the deadline to be considered for a make-up exam.

Study Questions

3-5 study questions oractivities will be assignedeach week. You can work

together on them as long aseveryone's names are listed

(no more than 4 people).Each person must upload the

answers.

All questions: 20% of grade

1 2 3 4 5

Sample test questions can be submitted every week.At least 50% of each exam will come from submittedtest questions.

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AcademicIntegrity

Accessibility Services provides academicaccommodations and support services toaddress the individual needs of studentswith differing abilities, permanentdisabilities, or temporary disablingconditions. Students with documenteddisabilities and functional limitations areeligible for services designed to provideequivalent access to all educational generalcampus and classroom programs andactivities. If you have a documenteddisability and wish to discuss academicaccommodations, or if you would needassistance in the case of an emergencyevacuation, please contact me as soon aspossible. Students with disabilities needingaccommodation should speak withAccessibility Services(www.csueastbay.edu/accessibility/).

AccessibilityServices

Effective learning in this class will benefitfrom both individual and collaborativework. You are encouraged to study andwork together on drawings, activities, andstudy questions. However, you mustcomplete and submit your own work. Students are required to uphold thestandards of academic integrity describedin the catalogat http://www.csueastbay.edu/aps/academic-policies/academic-dishonesty.html.

Class Materials

COURSE POLICIES& INFORMATION

InclusiveLearning

Community

All students are expected to demonstraterespect, compassion, and understanding whileengaging in the learning process. Support andencourage each other through this process.Students of all backgrounds should feelcomfortable in the classroom and in onlineinteractions in order for successful learning totake place. Please speak to me if you experienceany harassment, belittlement, or hostility byother students in class. 

Graduation

If you are planning to graduate in thespring, apply for graduation.www.csueastbay.edu/slhs/files/docs/applying-for-graduation.pdf

Inter-professionalTeamwork

Speech-Language Pathologists require inter-professional collaboration and teamwork.Collaborative learning approaches help todevelop these skills by teaching students to beflexible, communicate effectively, listen actively,manage time and effort, and work together tosolve complex problems. 

Share of course materials is prohibited.No materials used in this class including,but not limited to, lecture recordings,slides, handouts, activities, exams, reviewsheets, may be shared online or withanyone outside of the class unless you havemy explicit, written permission. Violationof this policy by a student could lead toStudent Misconduct proceedings. 

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*http://www.asha.org/academic/accreditation/accredmanual/section3.htm, retrieved 01/06/2014http://www.ctc.ca.gov/educator-prep/standards/special-education-standards.pdf, retrieved 01/05/2015

Institutional & Program Learning OutcomesASHA & CTC Competencies

Academic and clinical education guidelines for skills and content in speech-language pathology are outlined by the American Speech, Language and

Hearing Association and the Commission on Teacher Credentialing*

Core competency ASHA & CTCstandards

Howdemonstrated

Demonstrate knowledge of neuroanatomicalstructures of the central and peripheralnervous system, as they pertain to Speech,Language, Hearing, and Cognition

Demonstrate knowledge of the neurologicalfunctions of the central and peripheral nervoussystem, as they pertain to Speech, Language,Hearing, and Cognition

Demonstrate knowledge of the neurologicaldisorders of the central and peripheral nervoussystem, as they pertain to Speech, Language,Hearing, and Cognition

ASHA IV-ACTC SLP

Standards 1&3

ASHA IV-BCTC SLP

Standards 1&3

ASHA IV-CCTC SLP

Standards 1&3

Drawings, brain scanactivities, study

questions, exams 

Collaborate & communicate with colleagues ingroup activities to the think creatively andcritically in analyzing lesion location to predictlikely functional impairments

Collaborate & communicate with colleagues ingroup activities to the think creatively andcritically in determining and drawing neuralpathways that subserve specific cognitive andcommunicative functions

InstitutionalLearningOutcome

ProgramLearningOutcome

ILO 6

ILO 6

ILO 1, 2, 4, 6

ILO 2, 4, 6

ILO 6

PLO 1, 2, 4

PLO 1, 2, 4

PLO 1, 2, 4

PLO 1, 2, 4

PLO 1, 2, 4

Drawings, brain scanactivities, study

questions

Drawings, brain scanactivities, study

questions, exams 

Drawings, brain scanactivities, study

questions

Drawings, brain scanactivities, study

questions, exams 

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if you are notwilling to learn,no one can helpyou. if you are

determined tolearn, no onecan stop you.