sleep.02.03
-
Upload
nelu-castravet -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
description
Transcript of sleep.02.03
-
Segment 3
Historical Overview: Brainstem & Forebrain
-
Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness
Learning Points & Defining Behavioral States Historical Overview: Brainstem & Forebrain Wakefulness and REM Sleep: Monoamines,
Acetylcholine & GABA, Hypocretin/Orexin NREM Sleep: GABA, Adenosine Summary
-
Brainstem Control of REM Sleep and Wakefulness
Pons Midbrain
Medulla
-
Deafferentation Hypothesis: Sleep is a Passive Process
Bremer, Bull Acad Royale Medicine Belgique 4: 6886, 1937
-
Moruzzi and Magoun, 1949Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol 1:455-473
Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)
Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG
-
First Recordings of Eye Movements During Sleep
Regularly occurring periods of eye motility and concomitant phenomena, during sleep
Aserinsky and Kleitman Science 118:273-274, 1953
200 100
V
Conjugate Rapid Eye Movements
0 5 15 20 Time (sec)
-
Cyclic Variations in EEG During Sleep and Their Relations to Eye Movements,
Body Motility and Dreaming
William C. Dementand Nathanial Kleitman
Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol9:673-680, 1957
-
EEG Activation During Sleep in Animals
Dement, Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol 10:291-296, 1958
-
modified from Jouvet, Arch Ital Biol 100:125-206, 1962
REM Sleep Generating Neurons are Localized to the Pons
A B C
-
Putative cholinergic neurons in the brainstem were identified and localized (Shute and Lewis, Nature 199:1160-1164, 1963)
Monoamine-containing neurons in the brain stem were histologically identified and mapped (Dahlstrm and Fuxe, Acta Physiol Scand 62 (Suppl. 232):1-55, 1964)
Anatomical Basis of the ARAS
-
Cholinergic Components of the ARAS
modified from Cooper et al., 1991 Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology, Oxford, p. 208
-
Human ARAS PET image shows activation of mesopontine tegmentum when a subject performs an attention-demanding task
Kinomura et al.,Science 271:417-564, 1996
-
Braun et al., Brain 120:1173-1197, 1997
NREM
REM
WAKE
-
REM Sleep is an Active Brain State that is Actively Generated
Lydic et al., J Comp Neurol 304:517-529,1991
REM Sleep
Wakefulness
-
Forebrain Control of NREM Sleep and Wakefulness
Hypothalamus
Basal Forebrain
-
Basal Forebrain and Hypothalamus Regulate Sleep and Wakefulness
Post mortem examination of brains from encephalitis lethargica patients revealed different effects on sleep depending on lesion site (von Economo, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 71:249-259, 1930)
-
Patients with insomnia had lesions of the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus (von Economo, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 71:249-259, 1930)
X
Basal Forebrain and Hypothalamus Regulate Sleep and Wakefulness
-
Patients with hypersomnolence had lesions of the posterior hypothalamus (von Economo, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 71:249-259, 1930)
Basal Forebrain and Hypothalamus Regulate Sleep and Wakefulness
-
Preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus functions as a sleep center, and posterior hypothalamus functions as a wakefulness center (von Economo, Ergebnisse der Physiologie 28:312-339, 1929; J Nerv Ment Dis 71:249-259, 1930)
Basal Forebrain and Hypothalamus Regulate Sleep and Wakefulness
-
Experimental lesions of the anterior hypothalamus cause insomnia (McGinty and Sterman, 1968; Nauta, 1946; Sallanon et al., 1989)
Experimental lesions of the posterior hypothalamus cause hypersomnolence (Ranson, 1939; Nauta, 1946; McGinty, 1969; Sweet and Hobson, 1968)
Electrical stimulation of the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus causes sleep (Sterman and Clemente, 1962)
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness