sld07
-
Upload
m-waqas-pk -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of sld07
-
8/13/2019 sld07
1/32
Variable Costing:A Tool for Management
Chapter
7
-
8/13/2019 sld07
2/32
-
8/13/2019 sld07
3/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
4. Explainthe effect of changes in production on
the net income reported under both variableand absorption costing.
5. Explainthe advantages and limitations of both
the variable and absorption costing methods.6. Explainhow the use of JIT reduces the
difference in net income reported under the
variable and absorption costing methods.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
-
8/13/2019 sld07
4/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-4
Overview of Absorption and
Variable Costing
The only cost of driving my caron a 200 mile trip today is$12 for gasoline.
VariableCosting
-
8/13/2019 sld07
5/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-5
Overview of Absorption and
Variable Costing
No! You must consider these costs too!
AbsorptionCosting
Cost Per month Per day
Car payment 300.00$ 10.00$
Insurance 60.00 2.00
-
8/13/2019 sld07
6/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-6
Overview of Absorption and
Variable Costing
Your wrong. I have the carpayment and the
insurance payment even ifI do not make the trip.
VariableCosting
-
8/13/2019 sld07
7/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-7
Overview of Absorption and
Variable Costing
Whos right?How should we treat the carpayment and the insurance?
-
8/13/2019 sld07
8/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-8
Absorption
Costing
Variable
Costing
Direct materials
Direct labour Product costs
Product costs Variable mfg. overhead
Fixed mfg. overhead
Period costs
Period costs Selling & admin. exp.
Overview of Absorption and
Variable Costing
-
8/13/2019 sld07
9/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-9
Lets put some numbers to theissue and see if it will
sharpen our understanding.
Overview of Absorption and
Variable Costing
-
8/13/2019 sld07
10/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-10
Harvey Co. produces a single product withthe following information available:
Number of units produced annually 25,000
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials, direct labour,and variable mfg. overhead 10$
Selling & administrative expenses 3$
Fixed costs per year:Manufacturing overhead 150,000$
Selling & administrative expenses 100,000$
Unit Cost Computations
-
8/13/2019 sld07
11/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-11
Unit product costis determined as follows:
Selling and administrative expenses arealways treated as period expensesand
deducted from revenue.
Absorption
Costing
Variable
Costing
Direct materials, direct labour,
and variable mfg. overhead 10$ 10$Fixed mfg. overhead
($150,000 25,000 units) 6 -
Unit product cost 16$ 10$
Unit Cost Computations
-
8/13/2019 sld07
12/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-12
Absorption CostingSales (20,000 $30) 600,000$
Less cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory -$Add COGM (25,000 $16) 400,000
Goods availa ble for sale 400,000
Ending inventory (5,000 $16) 80,000 320,000
Gross margin 280,000
Less se lling & admin. e xp. Variable
Fixed
Net income
Harvey Co. had no beginning inventory, produced
25,000units and sold 20,000units this year.
Income Comparison of Absorption
and Variable Costing
-
8/13/2019 sld07
13/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-13
Harvey Co. had no beginning inventory, produced
25,000units and sold 20,000units this year.Absorption Costing
Sales (20,000 $30) 600,000$
Less cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory -$Add COGM (25,000 $16) 400,000
Goods availa ble for sale 400,000
Ending inventory (5,000 $16) 80,000 320,000
Gross margin 280,000
Less se lling & admin. e xp. Varia ble (20,000 $3) 60,000$
Fixed 100,000 160,000
Net income 120,000$
Income Comparison of Absorption
and Variable Costing
-
8/13/2019 sld07
14/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-14
Variable CostingSales (20,000 $30) 600,000$
Less variable expenses:
Beginning inventory -$
Add COGM (25,000 $10) 250,000
Goods available for sale 250,000Ending inventory (5,000 $10) 50,000
Variable cost of goods sold 200,000
Variable selling & administrative
expenses (20,000 $3) 60,000 260,000
Contribution margin 340,000Less fixed expenses:
Manufacturing overhead 150,000$
Selling & administrative expenses 100,000 250,000
Net income 90,000$
Now lets look at variable costing by Harvey Co.
Income Comparison of Absorption
and Variable Costing
Variablecostsonly.
All fixed
manufacturingoverhead isexpensed.
-
8/13/2019 sld07
15/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-15
Cost of
Goods
Sold
Ending
Inventory
Period
Expense Total
Absorption costing
Variable mfg. costs 200,000$ 50,000$Fixed mfg. costs 120,000 30,000
320,000$ 80,000$
Variable costing
Variable mfg. costs 200,000$ 50,000$
Fixed mfg. costs - -
200,000$ 50,000$
Lets compare the methods.
Income Comparison of Absorption
and Variable Costing
-
8/13/2019 sld07
16/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-16
Cost of
Goods
Sold
Ending
Inventory
Period
Expense Total
Absorption costing
Variable mfg. costs 200,000$ 50,000$ -$ 250,000$Fixed mfg. costs 120,000 30,000 - 150,000
320,000$ 80,000$ -$ 400,000$
Variable costing
Variable mfg. costs 200,000$ 50,000$ -$ 250,000$
Fixed mfg. costs - - 150,000 150,000
200,000$ 50,000$ 150,000$ 400,000$
Lets compare the methods.
Income Comparison of Absorption
and Variable Costing
-
8/13/2019 sld07
17/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-17
Reconciliation
Variable costing net income 90,000$
Add: Fixed mfg. overhead costs
deferred in inventory
(5,000 units $6 per unit) 30,000
Absorption costing net income 120,000$
Fixed mfg. overhead $150,000Units produced 25,000
= = $6.00 per unit
We can reconcile the difference between
absorption and variable income as follows:
-
8/13/2019 sld07
18/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-18
Extending the Example
Lets look at thesecond yearof operations
for HarveyCompany.
-
8/13/2019 sld07
19/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-19
Harvey Co. Year 2 In its second year of operations, Harvey Co.
started with an inventory of 5,000 units,
produced 25,000units and sold 30,000units.
Number of units produced annually 25,000
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials, direct laborvariable mfg. overhead 10$
Selling & administrative
expenses 3$
Fixed costs per year:Manufacturing overhead 150,000$
Selling & administrative
expenses 100,000$
-
8/13/2019 sld07
20/32
-
8/13/2019 sld07
21/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-21
Harvey Co. Year 2
Now lets look at Harveys income statement
assuming absorption costingis used.
-
8/13/2019 sld07
22/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-22
Absorption CostingSales (30,000 $30) 900,000$
Less cost of goods sold: Beg. inventory (5,000 $16) 80,000$
Add COGM (25,000 $16) 400,000
Goods available for sale 480,000
Ending inventory - 480,000
Gross margin 420,000
Less selling & admin. exp.
Variable (30,000 $3) 90,000$
Fixed 100,000 190,000
Net income 230,000$
Harvey Co. Year 2
These are the 25,000 unitsproduced in the current period.
-
8/13/2019 sld07
23/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-23
Harvey Co. Year 2
Next, well look at Harveys income statement
assuming is used.
-
8/13/2019 sld07
24/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-24
Variable CostingSales (30,000 $30) 900,000$
Less variable expenses: Beg. inventory (5,000 $10) 50,000$
Add COGM (25,000 $10) 250,000
Goods available for sale 300,000
Ending inventory -
Variable cost of goods sold 300,000
Variable selling & administrative
expenses (30,000 $3) 90,000 390,000
Contribution margin 510,000
Less fixed expenses: Manufacturing overhead 150,000$
Selling & administrative expenses 100,000 250,000
Net income 260,000$
Harvey Co. Year 2Variablecostsonly.
All fixedmanufacturing
overhead isexpensed.
-
8/13/2019 sld07
25/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-25
Summary
Income Comparison
Costing Method 1st Period 2nd Period Total
Absorption 120,000$ 230,000$ 350,000$
Variable 90,000 260,000 350,000
-
8/13/2019 sld07
26/32
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited., 2001
7-26
SummaryRelation between Effect Rela tion betweenproduction on variable and
Year and sa les iniventory absorption income
Inventory Absorption
1st Production > Sales increases by >
year 25,000 > 20,000 5,000 units. Variable
Inventory Absorption2nd Production < Sales decreases