SKIN SKIN CANCERCANCER

Jess Ahn, Pj Pimental, Jennifer Jess Ahn, Pj Pimental, Jennifer King, Patrick GrayKing, Patrick Gray

What is Skin Cancer? What is Skin Cancer?

Cancer develops when DNA, Cancer develops when DNA, the molecule found in cells that the molecule found in cells that encodes genetic information, encodes genetic information, becomes damaged and the becomes damaged and the body cannot repair the damage. body cannot repair the damage. The damaged cells begins to The damaged cells begins to grow and divide uncontrollably. grow and divide uncontrollably. When this occurs in the skin, When this occurs in the skin, skin cancer develops. As the skin cancer develops. As the damaged cells multiply, a tumor damaged cells multiply, a tumor starts to form. starts to form.

http://http://www.skincarephysicians.com/www.skincarephysicians.com/skincancernet/whatis.htmlskincancernet/whatis.html

PreventionPrevention

Stay out of the sun Stay out of the sun 9AM-3PM9AM-3PM

Seek shadeSeek shade Wear protective Wear protective

clothingclothing Sunscreen SPF!!Sunscreen SPF!! Avoid indoor tanningAvoid indoor tanning

SymptomsSymptoms

ABCDE RULE!ABCDE RULE! A is for asymmetryA is for asymmetry B is for border irregularityB is for border irregularity C is for colorC is for color D is for diameterD is for diameter E is for evolutionE is for evolution http://www.webmd.com/http://www.webmd.com/

melanoma-skin-cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/asymmetryasymmetry

Risk FactorsRisk Factors Fair skinFair skin Less pigment provides less Less pigment provides less

protection from UV raysprotection from UV rays History of sunburnsHistory of sunburns Excessive sun exposureExcessive sun exposure Sunny or high altitude climatesSunny or high altitude climates MolesMoles Family historyFamily history Weak immune systemWeak immune system AgeAge http://www.mayoclinic.com/http://www.mayoclinic.com/

health/skin-cancer/DS00190/health/skin-cancer/DS00190/DSECTION=risk-factorsDSECTION=risk-factors

TreatmentTreatment

Surgery-take out tumor, cut it in thin layersSurgery-take out tumor, cut it in thin layers Radiation therapy-uses high energy x-rays Radiation therapy-uses high energy x-rays

to kill cancer cellsto kill cancer cells Chemotherapy- uses drugs to stop growth Chemotherapy- uses drugs to stop growth

of cancer cellsof cancer cells Photodynamic therapy- uses drug or laser to Photodynamic therapy- uses drug or laser to

kill cancer cellskill cancer cells

StatsStats

1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in course of life timecourse of life time

In past 31 years, most common cancerIn past 31 years, most common cancer 1800 Americans are living with a history of 1800 Americans are living with a history of

melanomamelanoma Skin cancer is the most common form of Skin cancer is the most common form of

cancer in the United Statescancer in the United States

DiagnosisDiagnosis

Early warning signs: suspicious lesions on skinEarly warning signs: suspicious lesions on skin Doctor discusses family history and sunburn Doctor discusses family history and sunburn

historyhistory Skin examination, examines size, shape, color of Skin examination, examines size, shape, color of

suspicious areassuspicious areas Examine lymph glands to check for signs of Examine lymph glands to check for signs of

cancercancer Biopsy, in order to diagnose cancerBiopsy, in order to diagnose cancer http://skincancer.about.com/od/diagnosis/a/diagno

sis.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJyI5P-WpIM

Brain CancerBrain Cancer

ByBy

Beth, Jess, Abby, Jen, Trevor, Beth, Jess, Abby, Jen, Trevor, ConnorConnor

OverviewOverview Brain cancer is: Brain cancer is:

cancer of the cancer of the central information central information processing center processing center of the bodyof the body

Tumor can either Tumor can either be MALIGNANT or be MALIGNANT or BENIGN.BENIGN.

Malignant tumor: Malignant tumor: cancerouscancerous

Benign: no traces Benign: no traces of cancer.of cancer.

Risk factorsRisk factors

Males are at more risk of getting Brain Cancer, but Males are at more risk of getting Brain Cancer, but meningiomas. meningiomas.

Brain Cancer is more likely in Caucasians rather Brain Cancer is more likely in Caucasians rather then the other races.then the other races.

If family members have had brain cancer, they If family members have had brain cancer, they have a higher risk in developing brain cancer as have a higher risk in developing brain cancer as well. well.

People who work with radiation have a very high People who work with radiation have a very high risk of developing brain cancer.risk of developing brain cancer.

StatsStats

Highest percent of people Highest percent of people diagnosed with brain diagnosed with brain cancer is 17.1%. Btw ages cancer is 17.1%. Btw ages 65-7465-74

Highest mortality rate of Highest mortality rate of people with brain cancer people with brain cancer is in the same group it is is in the same group it is highest diagnosed in highest diagnosed in being 23.9% of people being 23.9% of people who die are btw 65-75who die are btw 65-75

5 years survival rates for 5 years survival rates for cancer:cancer:

32.1 percent Caucasian 32.1 percent Caucasian menmen

33.5 percent Caucasian 33.5 percent Caucasian womenwomen

37.7 percent African 37.7 percent African American menAmerican men

37.5 percent for African 37.5 percent for African American womanAmerican woman

Symptoms and diagnosis of brain cancer.Symptoms and diagnosis of brain cancer.

A new seizure in an adultA new seizure in an adult Loss of movement in arms or legs over time.Loss of movement in arms or legs over time. Dizziness, associated with headaches.Dizziness, associated with headaches.

Prevention/TreatmentPrevention/Treatment

Avoid Vynal Chloride, chemical plant, radiation Avoid Vynal Chloride, chemical plant, radiation exposure to the head.exposure to the head.

Eat healthy, visit doctor, donEat healthy, visit doctor, don’’t drink or smoket drink or smoke Once diagnosed with brain cancer you can get a Once diagnosed with brain cancer you can get a

““gamma knifegamma knife”” treatment; non evasive tool treatment; non evasive tool specifically designed to treat many brain cancers. specifically designed to treat many brain cancers. Instead of using a blade it is a from of radiation.Instead of using a blade it is a from of radiation.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fioC34LZeg&feature=endscreen&NR=1

Lung Cancer: The FactsLung Cancer: The Facts

This presentation is presented to you by Greg This presentation is presented to you by Greg Albert, Marc LeDrappier, Danny Rito, Andrew Albert, Marc LeDrappier, Danny Rito, Andrew

GregoryGregory

Source, Lungcancer.org and WikipediaSource, Lungcancer.org and Wikipedia

28% OF ALL

CANCER DEATHS

88,000 MEN W

ILL

DIE A

YEAR,

70,000 WOMEN

APPROXIMATLY 220,000 PEOPLE WILL BE DIAGNOSED A YEAR

CIGGERETTES ARE HIGHEST CAUSE

SMOKINGSMOKING

Risk FactorRisk Factor

87% of all Lung 87% of all Lung Cancer is related to Cancer is related to SmokingSmoking

Genetics can also Genetics can also play a role in riskplay a role in risk

Radon, industrial Radon, industrial substances, and air substances, and air pollutionpollution

Statistics & prevalanceStatistics & prevalance The leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among The leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among

both men and women. Lung cancer claims more lives each year both men and women. Lung cancer claims more lives each year than colon, prostate, ovarian, lymph and breast cancers combined.than colon, prostate, ovarian, lymph and breast cancers combined.

The average age at which lung cancer is diagnosed is 71, with less The average age at which lung cancer is diagnosed is 71, with less than 3% of lung cancers diagnosed under the age of 45. than 3% of lung cancers diagnosed under the age of 45.

1 in 13 for man and 1 in 16 for women1 in 13 for man and 1 in 16 for women

The overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of lung cancer is: The overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of lung cancer is: 13.7% for white men 13.7% for white men 18.3% for white women 18.3% for white women 10.8% for black men 10.8% for black men 14.5% for black women14.5% for black women

SymtomsSymtoms

CoughingCoughing Shortness of breathShortness of breath Chest painChest pain Spewing up bloodSpewing up blood

Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancer

Cheyenne PellicoroCheyenne PellicoroErica SpinelliErica SpinelliHeeral PatelHeeral PatelEvan SlassEvan Slass

What is Pancreatic Cancer?What is Pancreatic Cancer?

Cell growth is out of Cell growth is out of control beginning in control beginning in the pancreas. The the pancreas. The cells continue dividing cells continue dividing and form lumps or and form lumps or tumors. tumors.

Statistics Statistics

About 43,920 people will be diagnosed with About 43,920 people will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer pancreatic cancer

About 37,390 people will die of pancreatic About 37,390 people will die of pancreatic cancer.cancer.

The five year survival rate after diagnosis is The five year survival rate after diagnosis is less than five percent.less than five percent.

Since 2004 rates of pancreatic cancer have Since 2004 rates of pancreatic cancer have increased about 1.5 percent per year.increased about 1.5 percent per year.

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

Smoking Smoking AgeAge RaceRace GenderGender Chronic PancreatitisChronic Pancreatitis Diabetes Diabetes DietDiet Religious back ground, most found in Jews than Religious back ground, most found in Jews than

the rest of the population because of a particular the rest of the population because of a particular inherited mutation in the beast cancer gene which inherited mutation in the beast cancer gene which runs in a lot of Jewish families.runs in a lot of Jewish families.

SymptomsSymptoms

Pain in Abdomen Pain in Abdomen Weight lossWeight loss Loss of appetite Loss of appetite Bloating Bloating Diarrhea Diarrhea Jaundice, yellowing of the skin.Jaundice, yellowing of the skin.

PreventionsPreventions

Quit smoking Quit smoking Maintain healthy weightMaintain healthy weight Exercise Exercise Choose healthy dietChoose healthy diet Go to the doctor and get Go to the doctor and get

checkedchecked http://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=6wb82qP_UDI&feature=related

Colorectal CancerColorectal Cancer

By: Nick Roesch, Albert Topdjian, Lindsey Caparoso, Elyssa Rudnitsky

Cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon).

StatisticsStatistics• Of cancers that affect both men and women, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States

• The third most common cancer in men and in women.

• The median age for diagnosis is 71

• The median age for death is 75

• Deaths are more common for men than women despite the diagnosis being the same

• %90 survival if the cancer is localized

Risk FactorsRisk Factors Age Age

– More common above 60More common above 60 RaceRace

– African American & Eastern EuropeanAfrican American & Eastern European DietDiet

– high in red or processed meatshigh in red or processed meats– High fat low fiberHigh fat low fiber– Smoking and AlcoholSmoking and Alcohol

Colorectal polyps (a growth that stick out of the lining from the colon or Colorectal polyps (a growth that stick out of the lining from the colon or rectum)rectum)

Lack of exerciseLack of exercise Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes Family history of cancerFamily history of cancer Crohns Disease or Uclerative ColitisCrohns Disease or Uclerative Colitis

Symptoms & DiagnosisSymptoms & Diagnosis

Abdominal pain and Abdominal pain and tendernesstenderness

Blood in the stoolsBlood in the stools DiarrheaDiarrhea Changes in bowel habitsChanges in bowel habits Weight lossWeight loss Test positive for fecal blood Test positive for fecal blood

testtest Colonoscopy (internal Colonoscopy (internal

examination of the colon)examination of the colon) Flexible sigmoidoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy

(check for polyps)(check for polyps)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb55VXQDd8Q

Prevention Prevention

Colon cancer screeningColon cancer screening Remove polypsRemove polyps Low fat, High fiber dietLow fat, High fiber diet MedicationsMedications

– AspirinAspirin

– IbuprofenIbuprofen

TreatmentsTreatments

Surgery Surgery

–Colectlmy (To remove cancer cells)Colectlmy (To remove cancer cells) ChemotherapyChemotherapy Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy

Stomach CancerStomach Canceraka – Gastric Canceraka – Gastric Cancer

Tom, Jaime, Samantha, AmandaTom, Jaime, Samantha, Amanda

Facts about stomach cancerFacts about stomach cancer

Stomach cancer starts in Stomach cancer starts in the stomach, a sack-like the stomach, a sack-like organ that holds food and organ that holds food and begins the digestion begins the digestion process. process.

Cancer can start in any part Cancer can start in any part of the stomach. of the stomach.

As cancer grows deeper As cancer grows deeper into the layers, the into the layers, the prognosis for the patient prognosis for the patient gets worse. Starting from gets worse. Starting from the inside.the inside.

Causes of stomach cancerCauses of stomach cancer Tobacco:Tobacco: Smoking almost doubles the risk of Smoking almost doubles the risk of

stomach cancer.stomach cancer. Diet:Diet: An increased risk of stomach cancer is linked to An increased risk of stomach cancer is linked to

diets high in smoked foods, salted fish and meats and diets high in smoked foods, salted fish and meats and pickled vegetables. pickled vegetables.

-Eating whole grain products and fresh fruits -Eating whole grain products and fresh fruits and vegetables that contain vitamins A and C appears and vegetables that contain vitamins A and C appears to lower the risk of stomach cancer.to lower the risk of stomach cancer.

Gender:Gender: Stomach cancer is more than twice as Stomach cancer is more than twice as common in men.common in men.

Symptoms Symptoms

Discomfort of pain in the stomach areaDiscomfort of pain in the stomach area Difficulty swallowingDifficulty swallowing Nausea and vomitingNausea and vomiting Weight lossWeight loss Feeling full or bloated after a small mealFeeling full or bloated after a small meal Vomiting in stool or when coughingVomiting in stool or when coughing

Diagnosis Diagnosis Physical exam- Doctor feels abdomen for Physical exam- Doctor feels abdomen for

fluid and swelling. Also swollen lymph fluid and swelling. Also swollen lymph nodes.nodes.

Endoscopy- An endoscope, or lighted tube, Endoscopy- An endoscope, or lighted tube, is used to look in stomach through the is used to look in stomach through the esophagus.esophagus.

Biopsy- An endoscope could also remove Biopsy- An endoscope could also remove tissue from the stomach. The tissue is put tissue from the stomach. The tissue is put under a microscope to look for cancer cells. under a microscope to look for cancer cells. Only method to know if cancer is present.Only method to know if cancer is present.

Treatment Treatment

Chemotherapy – drugs Chemotherapy – drugs Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy Surgery Surgery Targeted Therapy - drugsTargeted Therapy - drugs

StatisticsStatistics

Second leading cause of deathSecond leading cause of death About 21,320 cases of stomach cancer will About 21,320 cases of stomach cancer will

be diagnosed be diagnosed About 10,540 people will die from this type About 10,540 people will die from this type

of cancer of cancer The risk of a person developing stomach The risk of a person developing stomach

cancer in their lifetime is about 1 in 114, but cancer in their lifetime is about 1 in 114, but it is slightly higher in men than in women. it is slightly higher in men than in women.

OverviewOverview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b_nj5yCHJE

Oral CancerOral Cancer

By: Alexandra PaschBy: Alexandra PaschMichael GriffinMichael Griffin

Anderson ChanAnderson ChanDaniel PedrosoDaniel Pedroso

Define the CancerDefine the Cancer

Oral Cancer is cancer of the mouth.Oral Cancer is cancer of the mouth.

Part of the group of head & neck cancersPart of the group of head & neck cancers Can develop in any part of the oral cavity (or Can develop in any part of the oral cavity (or

oropharynx)oropharynx) Almost all oral cancers begin in flat cells—Almost all oral cancers begin in flat cells—

this cancer is called squamous cell this cancer is called squamous cell carcinomas. carcinomas.

4 Statistics/Prevalence4 Statistics/Prevalence

Oral cancer commonly affects the lips and Oral cancer commonly affects the lips and tongue—also can occur in cheek lining, floor tongue—also can occur in cheek lining, floor of mouth, gums, roof of the mouthof mouth, gums, roof of the mouth

Each year (in US), more than 21,000 men Each year (in US), more than 21,000 men and 9,000 women are diagnosed. Most are and 9,000 women are diagnosed. Most are over 60 years old.over 60 years old.

1 person per hour dies of oral cancer1 person per hour dies of oral cancer High death rate—detected late in its High death rate—detected late in its

developmentdevelopment

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

TobaccoTobacco Heavy alcohol useHeavy alcohol use HPV Infection—some HPV viruses can effect the HPV Infection—some HPV viruses can effect the

mouth and throatmouth and throat Sun—cancer of the lip caused by sun exposureSun—cancer of the lip caused by sun exposure Personal history of oral cancerPersonal history of oral cancer Diet—not eating enough fruits and vegetablesDiet—not eating enough fruits and vegetables Betel Nut Use—chewing product commonly used Betel Nut Use—chewing product commonly used

in Asiain Asia

Symptoms/DiagnosisSymptoms/Diagnosis Sore, lump, or ulcer in the mouth:Sore, lump, or ulcer in the mouth:

– May be a deep, hard-edged crack in May be a deep, hard-edged crack in the tissuethe tissue

– Most often pale colored, but may be Most often pale colored, but may be dark or discoloreddark or discolored

– On the tongue, lip, or other area of On the tongue, lip, or other area of the mouththe mouth

– Usually painless at first (may Usually painless at first (may develop a burning sensation or pain develop a burning sensation or pain when the tumor is advanced)when the tumor is advanced)

Video of Symptoms: Video of Symptoms: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqjskh54wOI

Other symptoms that may occur with Other symptoms that may occur with oral cancer include:oral cancer include:

– Chewing problemsChewing problems

– Mouth soresMouth sores

– Pain with swallowingPain with swallowing

– Speech difficultiesSpeech difficulties

– Swallowing difficultySwallowing difficulty

– Swollen lymph nodes in the neckSwollen lymph nodes in the neck

– Tongue problemsTongue problems

– Weight lossWeight loss

PreventionPrevention

Avoid smoking (or Avoid smoking (or other tobacco use)other tobacco use)

Correct any dental Correct any dental problemsproblems

Limit/avoid alcohol useLimit/avoid alcohol use Practice good oral Practice good oral

hygienehygiene

TreatmentTreatment

Small Tumors—surgery is recommendedSmall Tumors—surgery is recommended Larger Tumors—surgery, radiation therapy Larger Tumors—surgery, radiation therapy

and chemotherapyand chemotherapy Surgery is not commonly performed if Surgery is not commonly performed if

cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the neckneck

Other Treatments: therapy to improve Other Treatments: therapy to improve chewing, swallowing and speechchewing, swallowing and speech

SourcesSources

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002030/

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/oral/page4oral/page4

http://www.medicinenet.com/oral_cancer/http://www.medicinenet.com/oral_cancer/article.htmarticle.htm

Prostate CancerProstate Cancer

By Ryan Gavin, Alexander Bloom, By Ryan Gavin, Alexander Bloom, Colby Oleksy, Patricia Hwang, Colby Oleksy, Patricia Hwang,

Charley BurrowsCharley Burrows

Prostate CancerProstate Cancer

““Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum).”front of the rectum).”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YA1fumPaf0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YA1fumPaf0

PicturesPictures

Normal Prostate Enlarged Prostate

Statistics and prevalenceStatistics and prevalence

There are an estimated 241,740 new cases of prostate There are an estimated 241,740 new cases of prostate cancer a year.cancer a year.

There is an estimated 28,170 deaths per year.There is an estimated 28,170 deaths per year. Prostate cancer is the most common cause of death in Prostate cancer is the most common cause of death in

men over the age of 75, and is rarely found in men younger men over the age of 75, and is rarely found in men younger than 40.than 40.

1 in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his 1 in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime.lifetime.

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

African-American menAfrican-American men Men who are older than 60Men who are older than 60 Men who have a father or brother with Men who have a father or brother with

prostate cancerprostate cancer Men who use too much alcoholMen who use too much alcohol Men who eat a high fat dietMen who eat a high fat diet

SymptomsSymptoms

Symptoms-Symptoms-– Delayed start of urinary streamDelayed start of urinary stream– Leaking of urineLeaking of urine– Straining when urinatingStraining when urinating– Blood in urineBlood in urine– Bone pain or tenderness in lower back and Bone pain or tenderness in lower back and

pelvispelvis

DiagnosisDiagnosis

A biopsy is the only way to tell if you have A biopsy is the only way to tell if you have prostate cancerprostate cancer

A high PSA level or an examination of the A high PSA level or an examination of the prostate will tell if you need a biopsyprostate will tell if you need a biopsy

PreventionPrevention

If possible, avoid-If possible, avoid-– Agent orangeAgent orange– Eating a high animal fat dietEating a high animal fat diet– Working at a tire plantWorking at a tire plant– Being around paint for an extended period of Being around paint for an extended period of

timetime– Being around cadmiumBeing around cadmium

TreatmentTreatment

SurgerySurgery Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy Hormone therapyHormone therapy ChemotherapyChemotherapy

SourcesSources

http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-key-statisticscancer-key-statistics

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/prostateprostate

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001418/PMH0001418/