Skills and Skills and TechniquesTechniques

Lesson SevenLesson Seven

Stages Stages of Skill of Skill LearninLearnin

gg

Methods of Methods of PracticePractice

PrinciplePrinciples of s of

effective effective practicepractice

FeedbackFeedback

Planning Planning StageStage

Shadow PracticeShadow PracticeWork/rest Work/rest

ratioratio

ProgressionProgression

External External VERBALVERBAL feedback.feedback.

Internal Internal INTRINSICINTRINSIC feedbackfeedback

Practice Practice StageStage

Repetition DrillsRepetition Drills

Combination Combination DrillsDrills

Pressure DrillsPressure Drills

Work/rest Work/rest ratioratio

ProgressionProgression

External External VERBALVERBAL feedback.feedback.

Internal Internal INTRINSICINTRINSIC feedbackfeedback

AutomatAutomatic Stageic Stage

Conditioned Conditioned gamesgames

Work/rest Work/rest ratioratio

ProgressionProgression

External External VERBAL & VERBAL & WRITTENWRITTEN feedback.feedback.

Internal Internal INTRINSICINTRINSIC feedbackfeedback

Today we will….Today we will…. The final piece of the ‘Skills & Techniques’ jigsaw is

to study FEEDBACKFEEDBACK, CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION and MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION.

Once you have considered: Your Stage of Skill Learning Principles of Effective Practice Methods of Practice

It is important to consider how: FEEDBACKFEEDBACK CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

influence your performance.

Today we will….Today we will….

Examine what is meant by the terms Examine what is meant by the terms Feedback Motivation and Concentration.Feedback Motivation and Concentration.

Consider how Feedback, Motivation and Consider how Feedback, Motivation and Concentration influence our practical Concentration influence our practical performance.performance.

We will be focussing on Feedback and Motivation as these are the most important to us. If you had to

answer a question on how one of the above influenced your performance you would discuss Feedback.

FeedbackFeedback

Feedback is Feedback is informationinformation you collect you collect about your performanceabout your performance.. There There are different types of feedback. The types you collect depend on the are different types of feedback. The types you collect depend on the task you are completing and what you wish to know about your task you are completing and what you wish to know about your performance.performance.

Feedback is Feedback is essential foressential for performance improvement.performance improvement. Enables you to identify your strengths and weaknesses. Enables you to identify your strengths and weaknesses.

Helps plan improvements to your performance. Helps plan improvements to your performance. Provides reinforcement about the successful parts of Provides reinforcement about the successful parts of

your performance.your performance. Positive feedback increases your motivation and Positive feedback increases your motivation and

encourages you to work towards further improving encourages you to work towards further improving your performance.your performance.

There are two main categories of feedback:There are two main categories of feedback:1.1. InternalInternal (Intrinsic) Feedback. (Intrinsic) Feedback.2.2. ExternalExternal (Extrinsic) Feedback. (Extrinsic) Feedback.

FeedbackFeedback

InternalInternal(Intrinsic)(Intrinsic)

ExternalExternal(Extrinsic)(Extrinsic)

Internal (Intrinsic)Internal (Intrinsic) External External (Extrinsic)(Extrinsic)

Internal feedback concerns Internal feedback concerns movement awareness, i.e. movement awareness, i.e. how it feels to you how it feels to you (Kinaesthetic awareness)(Kinaesthetic awareness)..

You can feel how you execute You can feel how you execute shots, do you feel like you are shots, do you feel like you are

o Side on.Side on.o Balanced.Balanced.o Weight on back foot.Weight on back foot.o Transferring weight forward.Transferring weight forward.

During an overhead clear you During an overhead clear you would receive internal would receive internal feedback about the action feedback about the action through the positioning, through the positioning, control, balance, co-control, balance, co-ordination and timing you felt ordination and timing you felt when completing the when completing the overhead clear.overhead clear.

External feedback concerns External feedback concerns information gathered from information gathered from another source.another source.

It could be gathered fromIt could be gathered fromo Observation SchedulesObservation Scheduleso Video RecordingVideo Recordingo Digital ImagesDigital Imageso Information from teacherInformation from teachero Knowledge of results.Knowledge of results.

You could receive external You could receive external feedback on the result of an feedback on the result of an overhead clear from a scatter overhead clear from a scatter diagram, video recording of diagram, video recording of you performing overhead you performing overhead clear, feedback from teacher, clear, feedback from teacher, knowledge of whether you knowledge of whether you won a point.won a point.

Using feedback to help youUsing feedback to help you The manner in which you use/collect feedback should relate effectively The manner in which you use/collect feedback should relate effectively

to the activity and be specific to what you need to know.to the activity and be specific to what you need to know.

In badminton you could use In badminton you could use internal feedbackinternal feedback towards the end of the towards the end of the cognitive stage and during the associative stage of skill learning to help cognitive stage and during the associative stage of skill learning to help you you grovegrove the overhead clear the overhead clear actionaction to to muscle memorymuscle memory. .

When completing the overhead clear you should be aware of your When completing the overhead clear you should be aware of your stance – do you feel like you are standing side on, is your weight stance – do you feel like you are standing side on, is your weight transferred to your back foot, does your weight transfer forward at transferred to your back foot, does your weight transfer forward at moment of impact with shuttle. By being aware of these factors, you moment of impact with shuttle. By being aware of these factors, you will develop a will develop a feelingfeeling and and awarenessawareness of when you have of when you have performedperformed the the overhead clear overhead clear effectivelyeffectively..

For the same action you could use various forms of For the same action you could use various forms of external external feedbackfeedback to help you to help you grovegrove the overhead clear the overhead clear actionaction to to muscle muscle memorymemory. .

You could use a You could use a video recordingvideo recording to see yourself perform the to see yourself perform the overhead clear. You could also use the video to slow your overhead clear. You could also use the video to slow your performance down and more accurately complete an performance down and more accurately complete an observation scheduleobservation schedule of your overhead clear. A of your overhead clear. A variety of variety of observation schedulesobservation schedules could be used to gather a variety of could be used to gather a variety of information. information. Movement AnalysisMovement Analysis to compare yourself with a to compare yourself with a model performer at Preparation, Action, Recovery stages. model performer at Preparation, Action, Recovery stages. Scatter diagramScatter diagram to record where you played your overhead to record where you played your overhead clears to.clears to.

Ensuring Feedback is Ensuring Feedback is effective…effective… For For feedbackfeedback to be to be effectiveeffective it needs to be it needs to be positivepositive..

Positive feedback focuses on what you did well and suggests how Positive feedback focuses on what you did well and suggests how further improvements could be made. further improvements could be made. Positive feedbackPositive feedback links to links to motivationmotivation. For example, if you have just finished your game and . For example, if you have just finished your game and you receive positive feedback about the effectiveness of your you receive positive feedback about the effectiveness of your overhead clear this is more likely to motivate you to make further overhead clear this is more likely to motivate you to make further improvements.improvements.

Giving negative feedback which tends to concentrate on what you Giving negative feedback which tends to concentrate on what you are doing wrong is not useful, and should not be given. Negative are doing wrong is not useful, and should not be given. Negative feedback fails to explain how you can improve your performance feedback fails to explain how you can improve your performance and is dispiriting and de-motivating.and is dispiriting and de-motivating.

To ensure that the To ensure that the positive feedbackpositive feedback you receive is you receive is effective, effective, it it needs to be needs to be accurateaccurate, , relevantrelevant to your performance and to your performance and given as given as soon as possiblesoon as possible after performance. after performance.

MotivationMotivation Motivation is your level of desire to succeed. You need to be Motivation is your level of desire to succeed. You need to be

motivated in order to improve your level of performance. motivated in order to improve your level of performance. (You need (You need to want to do it,. In sport you will have heard the expression to want to do it,. In sport you will have heard the expression he/she/they wanted it more than their opponent)he/she/they wanted it more than their opponent)

Your aim is to optimise your motivation for the practice session you Your aim is to optimise your motivation for the practice session you are undertaking.are undertaking.

The most common distinction is whether your motivation is Internal The most common distinction is whether your motivation is Internal (intrinsic) or External (extrinsic)(intrinsic) or External (extrinsic)

MotivatioMotivationn

Having only one form of motivation is rare in Having only one form of motivation is rare in sport. Commonly both internal and external sport. Commonly both internal and external motivation are involved.motivation are involved.

For example in Physical Education……. For example in Physical Education…….

Internal motivationInternal motivation comes through a genuine comes through a genuine desire to improve your performance. desire to improve your performance. (You will have (You will have picked PE because you enjoy it, you participate in a particular picked PE because you enjoy it, you participate in a particular activity because you enjoy it)activity because you enjoy it)

External motivationExternal motivation comes through wishing comes through wishing to achieve a better practical grade or using to achieve a better practical grade or using your overall qualification to gain entry to your overall qualification to gain entry to college or university.college or university.

Motivation – Goal Motivation – Goal SettingSetting

You can use You can use goal settinggoal setting to keep you motivated and to keep you motivated and ensure that you perform at your highest levelensure that you perform at your highest level

Setting goals is a good way of keeping you motivated when you don’t Setting goals is a good way of keeping you motivated when you don’t particularly enjoy an activity.particularly enjoy an activity.

Why… Because your internal motivation is likely to be low (don’t Why… Because your internal motivation is likely to be low (don’t particularly enjoy activity) little desire to improve. However set particularly enjoy activity) little desire to improve. However set yourself a goal and your external motivation will more than likely yourself a goal and your external motivation will more than likely increase.increase.

Goal setting involves you setting Goal setting involves you setting challengingchallenging yet yet achievableachievable targetstargets which are which are specificspecific to your level of to your level of performance.performance.

For example…For example… In Golf you may set a target of trying to only two putt In Golf you may set a target of trying to only two putt on any green. Once this has been achieved you could increase the on any green. Once this has been achieved you could increase the difficulty by having to one putt on four greens and two putt on the difficulty by having to one putt on four greens and two putt on the remaining holes.remaining holes.

QuestionQuestion Give an example of how you used goal setting Give an example of how you used goal setting in a in a badminton practice you undertook.badminton practice you undertook.

HomeworkDue Monday 10th December

Intermediate 1

1. Name the two main categories of feedback. Explain the difference between them.

2. Name the three types of external feedback you received. Explain how each type helped you develop your performance.

3. Explain how you used internal feedback to develop your performance

Intermediate 2 & Higher

Select two of the influential factors listed below.i. Motivationii. Feedbackiii. Concentration

Explain what you understand about each factor. Give performance related examples to support your answer.