Skill Lab Ebm Tary

8/16/2019 Skill Lab Ebm Tary

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1. NILAI ABNORMALITAS

TABEL 1. Nilai Abnormalitas

PARAMETER Rata-rata +2SD Nilai Abnormalitas

SGOT/SGPT 26.29+2(13.92) !".13 !".13+#.#! !".1$

%&mo'lobin 12." 2(#.32) 11.$3 11.$3 #.#! 11. $

Tri'lis&ri*a 11!.31+2(2#.#") 1!!.39 1!!.39+#.#! 1!!."6Total ol&st&rol 13 .2"+2(32."#) 2#2.#" 2#2.#"+#.#! 2#2.#9

%,L $9."" 2(1 .11) !!.22 !!.22 #.#! !!.1

L,L ".6"+2(13.63) 1#1.9# 1#1.9#+#.#! 1#1.9!

2.Dari data clinical sc nario

2.1 Tab l PI!O

P Ol*&r a*-lts it &rarl0 si'n/s0m toms o o'niti4& im airm&nt

I 5ini o' s r&&nin' t&st

! 5ini 5&ntal Stat& E amination

O A -rat& *ia'nosis o *&m&ntia or Al7 &&im&r8s *is&as&

2.2 !linical "# stion

n Ol*&r a*-lts it &rarl0 si'n/s0m toms o o'niti4& im airm&nt. s mini o' t&st asa -rat& as 5ini 5&ntal Stat& E amination in *ia'nosis *&m&ntia or al7 &im&r8s *is&as&.

2.$ S arc% T rm&S arc%&' ()ord

(5ini o' O: mini o') AN, (5ini 5&ntal stat& & am; O: 55SE O: S55SE) AN,(Al7 &im&r; O: *&m&ntia)

2.* R s#lt o s arc%in,

LEMBAR A ABAN

S'ILLLAB E/IDAN!E BASED MEDI!INE 0EBM

NAMA TRI LE3INA O'TARI

NIM 4*411151$24111


2/15

!o,niti6 t sts or d m ntia MMSE7 Mini-!o, and A!E-R

n t is s0st&mati r&4i& an* m&ta anal0sis< Tsoi an* oll&a'-&s rom %on' on' aim&* toass&ss t & r&lati4& & & ti4&n&ss o ommon o'niti4& t&sts at *ia'nosin' *&m&ntia.

,&m&ntia is an -mbr&lla t&rm or a n-mb&r o *i &r&nt brain *is&as&s t at ro'r&ssi4&l0 a & t a &rson8s abilit0 to t in= an* -n tion in*& &n*&ntl0. Al7 &im&r8s *is&as&< or & am l&< is t &ommon&st a-s& o *&m&ntia. T & s0m toms an* t & im airm&nt a-s&* b0 *&m&ntia ar& a

r&s-lt o ro'r&ssi4& *ama'& to t & brain an* a loss o brain &lls an* onn& tions.

T & s0m toms a arti -lar &rson it *&m&ntia *&4&lo s *& &n*s onwhere in t & brain t &*is&as& is a & tin'. >or & am l&< &arl0 on in t & *is&as& o-rs& Al7 &im&r8s a & ts an ar&a ot & brain all&* t & i o am -s< i is in4ol4&* in storin' m&mori&s abo-t o-r li4&s. >or t isr&ason ati&nts it Al7 &im&r8s *is&as& '&t m&mor0 robl&ms &arl0 on. B0 om arison<

rontot&m oral *&m&ntia a & ts t & rontal ar&a o t & brain irst an*< as a r&s-lt< t &s& ati&ntso t&n a4& an'&s in &rsonalit0 an* *i i -lti&s in lannin' lon' b& or& t &0 a4& *i i -lti&s

it m&mor0.

T & a0 & *ia'nos& an* *&t& t *&m&ntia< t &r& or&< is b0 s0st&mati all0 ass&ssin' t & -n tiono 4ario-s brain r&'ions b0 -sin' co,niti6 t sts . ?@o'niti4&8 &r& m&ans t & ? i' &r brain

-n tions8 all-*&* to &arli&r t in's li=&m mor(


3/15

T is s0st&mati r&4i& om ar&s t & 55SE it ot &r tools or *&t& tin' *&m&ntia.[Interlocking-Pentagons used in the Mini-Mental State Exam].

M t%ods

T & r&4i& &rsincl#d d st-*i&s t atF

• Loo=&* or ati&nts it &it &r Al7 &im&r8s< 4as -lar *&m&ntia or Par=inson8s *is&as& inan0 lini al s&ttin'

• Ass&ss&* ati&nts or ar&rs a & to a &

• s&* a stan*ar*is&* *ia'nosti rit&ria to *ia'nos& *&m&ntia

• P-blis &* t & o-t om& m&as-r&s t &0 &r& int&r&st&* in.

T &0 9cl#d d F

• Non En'lis lan'-a'& a &rs

• T&sts t at too= lon'&r t an 2# min-t&s to om l&t&

• T&sts t at &r& onl0 &4al-at&* in o-r or l&ss a &rs

• An0 ati&nts o &r& 4is-all0 im air&*.

n t&rms o o t & s&ar as &r orm&*< it loo=s 4&r0 t oro-' . T &0 s&ar &* 5E,L NE<E5BASE< Ps0 o N>O an* Goo'l& S olar rom t & &arli&st a4ailabl& *at&s stat&* in t &in*i4i*-al *atabas&s -ntil 1 S& 2#1". T o a-t ors in*& &n*&ntl0 ass&ss&* t & s&ar r&s-lts an*-s&* a stan*ar*is&* *ata & tra tion s &&t. T & st-*i&s &r& also s r&&n&* or -alit0 an* bias.


4/15

As o-t om&s t &0 os& s&4&ral *i &r&nt m&as-r&s o *ia'nosti a -ra 0 t at an '&t a biton -sin'. T & &r & t t&st s o-l* b& abl& to t&ll 0o- &4&r0on& o as t & *is&as& an* orr& tl0

i*&nti 0 &4&r0on& o *o&s not a4& t & *is&as&H&asi&r sai* t an *on&.

To -n*&rstan* at t & r&s-lts o t is a &r m&an it is ort r-nnin' t ro-' an ima'inar0

s &nario.

:o) do dia,nostic t sts )or;<

L&t8s ima'in& 1## &o l& om& to a GP to '&t t&st&* or ?,is&as& I8. T & GP *& i*&s to om ar&a n& t&st &8s J-st bo-' t it t & 'ol* stan*ar* &r & t t&st. sin' t & 'ol* stan*ar* & in*so-t t at !# &o l& a4& t & *r&a*&* ?,is&as& I8 an* !# &o l& *o not. %& t &n om ar&s t &s&r&s-lts it is n& t&st< i 0o- an s&& in t & tabl& b&lo .

P&o l& t&st&* odoa4& ,is&as& I (n

!#)

P&o l& t&st&* odonot a4& ,is&as& I

(n !#)

N& t&st am& ba =as ositi4&

3!

T &s& ar&true positives ( P! " t isis 'oo*

1#

T &s& ar& #alse positives ($P! t isis ba*.

N& t&st am& ba =as n&'ati4&

1!

T &s& ar& #alsenegatives ($%! t isis r&all0 ba*C

"#

T &s& ar&truenegatives ( %! " t isis 'oo* too.

>rom t &s& =in*s o tabl&s 0o- an or= o-t o 'oo* a n& /alt&rnati4& *ia'nosti t&st is. As0o- an s&& rom t is ima'inar0 s &nario< t & n& t&st mis*ia'nos&* 2# o t & 1## &o l&.

n t is a &r< t &0 os& to loo= at a n-mb&r o *i &r&nt o tions or ass&ssin' t & & & ti4&n&sso &a o t & o'niti4& t&sts t &0 &r& int&r&st&* in. t8s robabl0 not ort 'oin' t ro-' allt & m&as-r&s t &0 -s&*< b-t it8s ort =no in' abo-t t oF s&nsiti4it0 an* s & i i it0.

S nsiti6it( and s8 ci icit(

S&nsiti4it0 *&t&rmin&s at ro ortion o &o l& oactuall& have the disease '&t a positive t&st. Or as a orm-la


5/15

• S&nsiti4it0 TP / (TP + >N)

• So< in t & & am l& abo4& or ,is&as& I t & s&nsiti4it0 o t & n& t&st is 3!/(3!+1!) #. or #K

Li=& is& s & i i it0 *&t&rmin&s at ro ortions o &o l& oactuall& do not have the disease'&t a negative t&st. Or as a orm-laF

• S & i i it0 TN/ (TN + >P)

• So< in t & & am l& abo4& or ,is&as& I t & s & i i it0 o t & n& t&st is "#/("#+1#) #.$ or $#K

>or bot s&nsiti4it0 an* s & i i it0 t & i' &r t & n-mb&r< t & b&tt&r.

T & a &r also loo=s at ot &r m&as-r&s o t & *ia'nosti a -ra 0 b-t t &0 ar& *&ri4&* rom t &s&nsiti4it0 an* s & i i it0. Dit o-t 'oin' into *&tail< t & a &r also r& orts Li=&li oo* :atios<*ia'nosti o**s ratio an* ?A @8 or ar&a -n*&r t & -r4&.

A -rat& *ia'nosti t&sts a4& i' s&nsiti4it0 an* i' s & i i it0.

R s#lts

T & initial s&ar 0i&l*&* 26


6/15

• >rom t &s& st-*i&s t &F

o M an s nsiti6it( )as 51= (@ as $K to $"K)

o M an s8 ci icit( )as 5>= (@ as $ K to 91K)

o All ot &r mar=&rs also s o &* 'oo* *ia'nosti a -ra 0 (L:+ ."!< L: #.21< *ia'nosti O: as 3!." an* A @ as 92K)

Mini-!o, and A!E-R 0t% b st o t% r st

• O t & 11 r&mainin' t&sts< t o stoo* o-t as b&in' ?b&tt&r8 t an t & 55SE

o Mini-!o, (bri& t&st ! min)Fs nsiti6it( o >1= an* s8 ci icit( o 5?=

o A!E-R (2# min t&st)F s nsiti6it( o >2= an* s8 ci icit( o 5>=

• %o &4&r &r& t & 55SE *ata as *ra n rom -n*r&*s o st-*i&sF

o 5ini @o' *ata as *ra n rom J-st 9 st-*i&s

o A@E : as *ra n rom J-st 13 st-*i&s

>or all t r&& o t & abo4& t&sts< t &r& as o-n* to b& a i' *&'r&& o% t ro, n it( . n &ss&n &t is is a statisti al t&st t&llin' -s t at b&t &&n st-*i&s in l-*&* in t & anal0s&s< t & r&s-lts &r&

-it& *i &r&nt rom on& st-*0 to anot &r. %&t&ro'&n&it0 is not a 'oo* t in' in s0st&mati

r&4i& s.

@#rt% r anal(s s

T & r&4i& &rs s o &* t at t & a -ra 0 o t & 55SE as not a & t&* b0 '&o'ra i al lo ationor lini al sit& (i.&. it as as & & ti4& or os ital ati&nts as omm-nit0 ati&nts).

>inall0 t &0 loo=&* at t & a -ra 0 o *ia'nosin' mild co,niti6 im8airm nt (5@ ) a ris= stat&t at r& &*&s *&m&ntia. T &0 *i*n8t r&all0 'o into m- *&tail in t & m&t o*s o o t &0 o-n*t & st-*i&s or o t &0 *& in&* 5@ .

• Onl0 21 st-*i&s -sin' MMSE &r& -s&* to ass&ss *ia'nosti a -ra 0 or 5@ 'i4in'F

o a s nsiti6it( o onl0 ?2=

o an* a s8 ci icit( o 5 = .

• An alt&rnati4& t&st< t &Mo!A < as o-n* to &r orm b&tt&r (in 9 st-*i&s) it F


7/15

o a s nsiti6it( o 5>=

o an* a s8 ci icit( o =

• No *ata as ro4i*&* on t & ot &r t&sts r&s-mabl0 b& a-s& t &r& &r&n8t &no-'

st-*i&s.

T & r&&l0 a4ailabl& A@E : an* 5ini @o' instr-m&nts ma0 b& 4iabl& alt&rnati4&s to t & 55SEor *&t& tin' *&m&ntia.

!oncl#sions

n s ort< t & 55SE is not a ba* s r&&nin' tool or *&m&ntia b-t it is not mil&s b&tt&r t an t &

r&st it8s J-st r&all0 ommonl0 -s&*< robabl0 or istori al r&asons. T & A@E : an* t & 5ini@o' ar& bot r&& to -s& an* ma0 b& 4iabl& alt&rnati4&s.

T & 55SE is l&ss 'oo* in mil* o'niti4& im airm&nt.

Str n,t%s and limitations

%at ) r som o t% str n,t%s o t%is 8a8 r<

1. T & lit&rat-r& s&ar as *on& &ll. T & a-t ors s o-l* b& omm&n*&* or 'oin' t ro-'so man0 a &rs in s- a s0st&mati a0

2. T & rit&ria or in l-sion an* & l-sion &r& ma*& l&ar an* a &rs &r& ass&ss&* or-alit0 an* *ata as & tra t&* in a r&liabl& a0 b0 t o a-t ors

3. T & m&ta anal0sis its&l a &ars to a4& b&&n *on& &ll

". T & a &r ollat&s a -'& amo-nt o *ata &rtin&nt to t & -&stionF *ata rom o4&r "#


8/15

%at ) r t% limitations<

1. All m&ta anal0s&s in &rit t & limitations o t & a &rs t &0 in l-*&. n t is as& t & mostob4io-s limitation is t & r lati6 lac; o data on alt&rnati4& o'niti4& t&sts li=& t & A@Eor 5ini @o'

2. T & a-t ors m&ntion t at t & c#t-o scor s or *ia'nosin' *&m&ntia an'& rom st-*0to st-*0. nli=& t & & am l& 'a4& &arli&r t &s& t&sts ar& not sim l0 ositi4& or n&'ati4&.T &0 'i4& a s or& ( rom # to 3# in t & as& o t & 55SE) an* so t & -t o n&&*s to b&*&t&rmin&* b0 t & -s&r. n t & as& o t & 55SE< t & ommon&st -t o as l&ss t an 23or 2"< b-t t is as not t & as& in all o t & st-*i&s in l-*&*. T is as ob4io-s & & ts on*ia'nosti a -ra 0.

3. T & a-t ors os& to in l-*& Par=inson8s *is&as& in t & s&ar rit&ria< b-t notL )(Bod( d m ntia or rontot m8oral d m ntia < i an8t -n*&rstan* 'i4&n o

ommon t &0 ar&.

". *i*n8t r&all0 in* t & s& tion onmild co,niti6 im8airm nt 4&r0 &l -l b& a-s& its&&m&* li=& an a t&rt o-' t. T & s&ar t&rms -s&* to oll& t t & *ata *i*n8t s&&m to b&

i*& &no-' to a t-r& all t & r&l&4ant st-*i&s or & am l&.

@inal t%o#,%ts

t8s im ortant to a** t at ilst t is a &r o -ss&* on o'niti4& s r&&nin' t&sts< i la0 anim ortant art in *ia'nosis< a -ll lini al ass&ssm&nt o som&on& it s-s & t&* *&m&ntiar& -ir&s a m- mor& *&tail&* a roa . @ombinin' in ormation rom t & istor0< & amination<in4&sti'ations an* o'niti4& t&sts 'r&atl0 im ro4& t & *ia'nosti a -ra 0. Also &r& t &s r&&nin' t&sts ar& not l&ar< ati&nts an b& r& &rr&* or m- mor& *&tail&* ass&ssm&nts o

o'nition &r orm&* b0 n&-ro s0 olo'ists.

Also it is im ortant to r&m&mb&r t at t & *ia'nosis o *&m&ntia r& -ir&s &4i*&n & o a ro'r&ssi4& illn&ss. T is m&ans t at r& &atin' o'niti4& t&sts an* loo=in' or an'& is o t&nmor& &l -l t an J-st a sna s ot. T is as & t as not o4&r&* in t is s0st&mati r&4i& .


9/15

A -ll lini al ass&ssm&nt o som&on& it s-s & t&* *&m&ntia in4ol4&s m- mor& t an asim l& o'niti4& t&st.

Lin;s

Primar( 8a8 r

Tsoi >< @ an M@< %irai %D< Don' SS< o= T . @o'niti4& T&sts to ,&t& t ,&m&ntiaF AS0st&mati :&4i& an* 5&ta anal0sis. ' M Intern Med. P-blis &* onlin& M-n& #$< 2#1!.*oiF1#.1##1/Jamaint&rnm&*.2#1!.21!2. Abstra t

Ot% r r r nc s

Al7 &im&r8s So i&t0.T & 5ini 5&ntal Stat& E amination (55SE) . D&bsit& last a &ss&* 2 Man2#16.

2. .!ritical a88raisal

FSt 8 1 Ar t% r s#lts o t%is dia,nostic st#d( 6alid<

A a=a a*a -Ji ba=- stan*ar*0an' *a at *iban*in'=an *&n'an-Ji *ia'nosti=Q

a< *alam al ini ba=- stan*ar a*ala 55SE.

A a=a -Ji ba=- stan*ar J-'a*ia li=asi=an a*a sam &l

&n&litianQ

a< t&st *ila=-=an a*a asi&n 0an' *i *ia'nosis*&n'an al7 &im&r8s ata- *&m&ntia

A a=a sam &l t&rmas-= *alams &=tr-m 0an' s&s-ai *&n'an

asi&n 0an' a=an *ila=-=an -Ji*ia'nosti=Q

a< sam &l a*ala asi&n 0an' *i*ia'nosis s& ara=linis *&n'an *&m&ntia ata- al7 &im&r8s

A a=a ara *an t&=ni=

m&la=-=an -Ji *ia'nosti= 0an's&*an' *it&liti *iJ&las=anQ

a< asi&n *i*ia'nosis *&n'an *&m&ntia a=an *ili at

=&a*aann0a< *ila=-=an t&s ba=-n0a< *&n'an & ata=an *i *a at=an asil. 5ini o' a=an l&bi & atm&n*a at=an asil *iban*in' 55SE

' sim8#lan st 8 1 :asil #Ci dia,nosti; 6alid

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10/15

St 8 2 Ar t% 6alid r s#lts o t%is dia,nostic st#d( im8ortant<

%AS L M, AGNOST

PEN A T (, SEASE) M 5LA%

A,A T ,A

POS T > 3! (a) 1# (b) "!

NEGAT > 1! ( ) "# (*) !!

M 5LA% !# !# 1##

SAMPLE !AL! LATIONS

S nsiti6it( a& 0a+c $ & 4 9 144= 4=

S8 ci it( d& 0b+d *4& 4 9 144= 54=

Positi6 8r dicti6 6al# a&a+b $ &* 9 144 = 5 =

N ,ati6 8r dicti6 6al# d&b+d *4& 4 9 144 = 54 =

li; li%ood 8ositi s nsiti itas&1-s8 si isitas 4. &1-4.5 $ =

li; li%ood n ,ati6 1-s nsiti6itas&s8 si isitas 1-4. &4.5 $ 7 =

' sim8#lan st 82 :asil #Ci dia,nosti; ini 8 ntin, dan m mili;i ; 8 ntin,an ;linisdimana MMSE7Mini-co,7A!E-R m mili;i s nsiti6itas dan s8 si itas (an, tin,,i#nt#; m ndia,nosis d m ntia ata# AlF% im r.

St 8 $ !an # a88l( t%is 6alid7 im8ortant 6id nc abo#t a dia,nostic t st carin, or (o#r8ati nt<

A a=a asil t&st *an int&r r&tasin0a *a atm&m-as=an *alam *ia'nosisQ

a< =ar&na s&nsiti4itas *an s &si itasn0atin''i.

A a=a asiln0a *a at *ia li=asi=an a*a asi&n =itaQ

Bisa< =ar&na t&st ini san'at m-*a *ila=-=an tan a &rsia an a=t- *an alat0an' = -s-s

A a=a asil t&st ini *a at *i'-na=an-nt-= m&n'-ba manaJ&m&n *alam

a< *&n'an a*an0a asil &n&litian ini 0an'4ali* ini< *o=t&r *o=t&r a=an m&n'a&ta -i


11/15

m&n*ia'nosis al7 &im&r8s ata- *&m&ntiaQ t&s 0an' alin' & &=ti *an & at s&ba'ais=rinin' a al *&m&ntia ata- al7 &im&r8s

A a=a asiln0a *a at m&mbant- asi&n Ja*i l&bi bai=Q

a< =ar&na s&nsiti4itas *an s &si itasn0a0an' tin''i< s& in''a =&sala an *ia'nosis

*a at *i &r=& il. ,&n'an a*an0a s=rinin'a al 0an' l&bi & at a=an m&mbant-

&natala=saan 0an' a=an m&n a ai asilma=sim-m

' sim8#lan st 8$ G ' sim8#lan ; s l#r#%an

:asil #Ci dia,nosti; ini 6alid dalam s;rinin, a)al d m ntia ata# alF% im rHs

$. DATA DIA3NOSTI'

$.1 3ra i; Titi; Poton,


12/15

Classification: MCI

40 50 60 70 800

1020

30

40

50

60

7080

90

100

KretaininKinase

Sensitivity ( !S"ecificity ( !

3.2 P r;iraan s cara 6is#al nilai titi; 8oton, dia,nostic dan int r8r tasi

Ris-all0 t & 'ra s o 4al-& o r&atinin=inas& mor& t an $# an* l&ss t an 9# is t & -t o oint.

$.$ Nilai dia,nostic b rdasar;an M dcal


13/15

KretaininKinase

0 20 40 60 80 1000

20

40

60

80

100

100#S"ecificity

S e n s i t i v i t y

Sensitivity: 100$0 S"ecificity: 92$0

Criterion : %69$1098

ROC curve

&aria'le KretaininKinaseKretaininKinase

Classification varia'le MCI

Sa "le si)e 100*ositive +ro," : MCI - 1 13.e+ative +ro," : MCI - 0 87

/isease "revalence ( ! ,n no n

Area under the ROC curve (AUC)

rea ,n er t e C c,rve ( C! 0$973Stan ar rror a 0$014095 Confi ence interval ' 0$919 to 0$995) statistic 33$901

Si+nificance level * ( rea-0$5! 0$0001a /e on+ et al$; 1988' o, en in e= ? 0$9195 ssociate criterion %69$1098

Criterion values and coordinates of the ROC curve @Ai eB


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Criterion Sensitivity 95 CI S"ecificity 95 CI #D40$0886 100$00 75$3 # 100$0 0$00 0$0 # 4$2 1$00 %69$1098 100$00 75$3 # 100$0 91$95 84$1 # 96$7 12$43 0$00%70$1641 92$31 64$0 # 99$8 93$10 85$6 # 97$4 13$38 0$083%72$9038 76$92 46$2 # 95$0 93$10 85$6 # 97$4 11$15 0$25

%73$2495 69$23 38$6 # 90$9 94$25 87$1 # 98$1 12$05 0$33%75$2407 69$23 38$6 # 90$9 96$55 90$3 # 99$3 20$08 0$32%76$5148 61$54 31$6 # 86$1 97$70 91$9 # 99$7 26$77 0$39%76$8872 53$85 25$1 # 80$8 98$85 93$8 # 100$0 46$85 0$47%77$4574 38$46 13$9 # 68$4 98$85 93$8 # 100$0 33$46 0$62%77$995 30$77 9$1 # 61$4 100$00 95$8 # 100$0 0$69%78$6751 0$00 0$0 # 24$7 100$00 95$8 # 100$0 1$00

*. RandomiF d clinical trial &control trial Ac In%ibitor

Tabl& 1. an'=a =&matian 5@ =&lom o= Pla &bo *an A & n ibitor

Tr&atm&nt Ali4& ,&a* Total

A & in ibitor (& &rim&nt) "" 6 !#

Pla &bo ( ontrol) 3 13 !#

Total $1 19 1##

*.1 Nilai nilai im8ortanc dari data T% ra8( Bad o#tcom

;#ran Im8ortanc R M S NILAI

EE: M-mla ali4& =&lom o= & &rim&nt/total & &rim&nt #.$$

@E: M-mla a i4& =&lom o= ontrol/total ontrol #. "

:: EE:/@E: 1.1$

A:: EE: @E: #.1"

RRR ARR&!ER 4.15

NNT 1/A:: .1"

*.2 'ESIMP LAN

JAc in%ibitor dalam m nc ,a% ; matian M!I 15 =K 0tida; ;ti


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. RandomiF d clinical trial &control trial Enala8ril + ASA dan Isosorbid+di#r ti;

Tr&atm&nt S&mb- Ti*a=s&mb-

Total

Enala ril+ASA

(& &rim&nt)

26 2" !#

sosorbi*+,i-r&ti= (@ontrol)

9 "1 !#

Total 3! 6! 1##

!.1 Nilai m ortan &

;#ran Im8ortanc R M S NILAI

EE: M-mla =&lom o=

s&mb- /total

#.!2

@E: M-mla =&lom o= ontrol/total #.1$

:: EE:/@E: 2.$$

A: @E: EE: #.3"

:: A::/@E: #."1 NNT 1/A:: 2.9"

.2 ' sim8#lan

nala8ril +ASA dalam m n,obati in ar; mio;ard s b sar *1 = l bi% ;ti dari8ada;ombinasi isosorbid+di#r tic.

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