Skeleton system review
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Transcript of Skeleton system review
The Axial Skeleton:
The human skeleton is divided into two major subdivisions. The first of these is:
?
Which part is this?
Which part is this?
Which part is this?
Skull
Thoracic Cage
Vertebral Column
The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The main function of the axial skeleton is to PROTECT the most crucial ORGANS of the human body. Each of these is essentially a “shaped box” which house such vital and vulnerable organs as the brain (skull), spinal cord (vertebral column), and the heart, lungs, and kidneys (thoracic cage).
The Axial Skeleton (Notes reminder)
The Skull – The skull consists of 29 bones and can be subdivided into four areas, two of which are easily identified:
?
?
The Cranium
The Face
1. 2.
5.
4.
3.
6.
8.
7.
9.
10.
11.
Name these bones
Answers on next page
1. 2.
5.
4.
3.
6.
8.
7.
9.
10.
11.
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal 4. Occipital5. Sphenoid
6. Ethmoid7. Lacrimal
8. Nasal
11. Mandible
9. Zygomatic10. Maxilla
The Vertebral Column - The vertebral column, which is sometimes called “the backbone” or “spinal column” consists of 26 bones in an adult, but has 33 bones in an infant. The vertebral column can be completely subdivided into five areas (four curvatures with the last divided into two parts):
1
2
3
45
1
2
3
5
4
What are the names of these regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Coccyx
Sacrum
What are these?
Intervertebral discs
What tissue are these made from?
Fibrous Cartilage
Name two major functions these perform.
1.Shock absorption2.Add flexibility to the vertebral column
Thoracic Cage – sometimes misnamed the “ribcage” has the main function of protecting vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys, and to a lesser degree the liver, and stomach. The bones of the thoracic cage are as follows:
Name?
Name?
True Ribs
False Ribs
Special name?Floating Ribs
Name?Costal
Cartilage
TissueType?HyalineCartilage
Name?Sternum
What important characteristic does this tissue add to the Thoracic Cage?
Flexibility for breathing
Which part is this?
Which part is this?
Which part is this?
What tissue type is this?
The Manubrium
The Body
The Xiphoid Process
HyalineCartilage
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
Flat Bone
Flat Bone
Irregular Bone
The Appendicular Skeleton:
The second major subdivision of the skeleton is the:
Which part is this?
Which parts are these?
Which part is this?
Which parts are these?Lower Extremities(NOT “legs”)
Pelvic Girdle(NOT “pelvis”)
Upper Extremities(NOT “arms”)
Pectoral (Shoulder)Girdle
Name of entirestructure?
Lower Extremity or
Lower Appendage
2?
3?
4?
1?Patella
Fibula
Femur
Tibia
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
Long Bone
Irregular Bone
3?
4?
5?
6?
7?
2?
1?Phalanges
MetatarsalsCuneiforms
Navicular
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
What is the more specific names given to each of these.
Lateral Cuneiform
MedialCuneiform
IntermediateCuneiform
Distal Phalanx;2nd Digit;Right foot
Proximal Phalanx;3rd digit;Right foot
Name this entire
structure
Upper Extremityor
Upper Appendage
This represents “half” of what
skeletal subdivision?
Pectoral or
“Shoulder” Girdle
Name each of these bones
1?Clavicle
2?Humerus
3?
6?
5?
4?
7?
Radius
Scapula
Ulna
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Specific Name?
Specific Name?
Specific Name?
Group of Bones
Called?
Middle Phalanx;5th Digit;Left Hand
Distal Phalanx;1st Digit;Left Hand
3rd Metacarpal;Left Hand
Carpals
What type of bones are these, with respect to shape?
Short Bones
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
Long Bone
Type of joint with respect to movement?
Specific type of joint?
Specific type of joint?
Ball and Socket Joint
Diarthroses(Freely movable)
Hinge Joint
What is the name of this entire structure?
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?
Irregular Bone
Flat Bone
Skull
With respect to movement, what type of joints are these?
Synarthroses(Immovable)
Specific type of joint?Suture Joint
What part of the bone is this?
What part of the bone is this?
What part of the bone is this?
Proximal Epiphysis
Distal Epiphysis
DiaphysisType of bone with respect to shape?
Long Bone
Contained within spaces?
Bone tissue type?
Bone tissue type?
Cavity called?
Substance called?
What is this?
What are these?
White “stuff” called what?
Tissue type?
Spongy Bone
Red Bone Marrow
Compact Bone
Medullary Cavity
Yellow Bone Marrow
Periosteum
Epiphyseal Discs or
Growth Plates
Hyaline Cartilage
ArticularCartilage
Specific BoneName
1st
Metacarpal;Left Hand
Give the specific joint type for each.
1?
3?
HingeJoint
2?Condyloidor
Ellipsoid Joint Saddle
Joint
4?Gliding Joint
Type of joint with respect to movement
Subcategory of joint including
these?
Describe this specific joint
type
Amphiarthroses(slightly movable)
Synchondroses
Bone to HyalineCartilage to
Bone
Type of joint with respect to movement
Amphiarthroses(slightly movable)
Subcategory of joints including
these
Describe this specific joint type
Symphysis
Bone to FibrousCartilage to Bone