Skeletomuscular system
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Skeltomuscular system Roger Watson Twitter: @rwatson1955
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Transcript of Skeletomuscular system
Skeltomuscular system
Roger WatsonTwitter: @rwatson1955
Skeletomuscular system
The skeletomuscular system is composed of the skeleton and the skeletal muscles which work together to provide posture and movement.
Composed of:• Bone• Muscle
Controlled by the nervous system
Bone
Bone is composed of protein and minerals (calcium phosphate)
Bone
Bone is composed of protein and minerals (calcium phosphate)
NB: bones are ‘alive’ – they have a blood supply and contain bone cells
Bone
Bones is composed of protein and minerals (calcium phosphate)
NB: bones are ‘alive’ – they have a blood supply and contain bone cells
Bone marrow is the site of blood production
The skeleton
Composed of 206 bones in an adult
Infant skeleton has >300
The skeleton
Composed of 206 bones in an adult
Infant skeleton has >300
Divided into:• Axial skelton• Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Composed of:
• Skull• Vertebral column• Ribs
Skull
The skull is comprised of 22 bones
Vertebral column
The vertebral column is composed of:• 26 vertebrae• Sacrum (5 fused)• Coccyx (3-5 fused)
Front
Appendicular skeleton
Composed of:
• Shoulder• Pelvis• Limbs
Movement in skeleton (articulation)
As you trace the skeleton from proximal to distal you find greater articulation
Movement in skeleton (articulation)
As you trace the skeleton from proximal to distal you find greater articulation:
• Limited in axial skeleton• Greater in appendicular skeleton• Greatest in the hands and fingers
Joints (articulations)
Allow articulation between bones
Three groups of joints:• Fibrous (fixed)• Cartilaginous (slightly movable)• Synovial (freely movable)
Joints (articulations)
Fibrous (fixed):• eg between sutures of the skull
Cartilaginous (slightly movable):• eg between the vertebrae
Synovial (freely movable):• eg elbow, knee, shoulder
Synovial joints
Hinge:• eg elbow
Pivot:• eg radio-ulnar
Condylar:• eg knee
Ball & socket:• eg hip and shoulder
Plane:• eg carpals and tarsals
Synovial joints
Bones are connected by LIGAMENTS
Ligaments in the knee joint
Cruciate ligaments in the knee joint
Joints movements
• Gliding
• Angular
• Circular
Joints movements
Angular:• Flexion• Extension• Abduction• Adduction
Circular:• Circumduction• Pronation• Supination
Skeletal muscle
Also known as ‘striated’ or ‘striped’ muscle due to its appearance under the microscope.
Skeletal muscle
Also known as ‘striated’ or ‘striped’ muscle due to its appearance under the microscope.
Individual muscle cells are known as ‘muscle fibres’
Skeletal muscle
Also known as ‘striated’ or ‘striped’ muscle due to its appearance under the microscope.
Individual muscle cells are known as ‘muscle fibres’
Muscle fibres are gathered in bundles that form individual muscles
TENDONS: connect bone to muscle
Skeletal muscle microstructure
The contractile units of muscle, which give it the striated appearance, are composed of two proteins:
• Actin• Myosin
Skeletal muscle microstructure
The contractile units of muscle, which give it the striated appearance are composed of two proteins:
• Actin• Myosin
Movement of these two proteins relative to one another lead to:• contraction
Skeletal muscle microstructure
The contractile units of muscle, which give it the striated appearance are composed of two proteins:
• Actin• Myosin
Movement of these two proteins relative to one another lead to:• contraction
Contraction is a chemical process involving energy in the form of ATP
ENERGY is used in this process
Stimulation of muscle contraction
Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system
Stimulation of muscle contraction
Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system
Electrical signals from the nervous system are transmitted to the muscle
The signals are conveyed from the nervous system to the muscle at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Stimulation of muscle contraction
Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system
Electrical signals from the nervous system are transmitted to the muscle
The signals are conveyed from the nervous system to the muscle at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Electrical activity in neuron is conveyed to muscle chemically by acetylcholine
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Acetylcholine
Nerve signal
MUSCLE
Electrical activity
Stimulation of muscle contraction
Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system
Electrical signals from the nervous system are transmitted to the muscle
The signals are conveyed from the nervous system to the muscle at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Electrical activity in neuron is conveyed to muscle chemically by acetylcholine
Electrical activity leads to muscle contraction
Muscles and movement
Skeletal muscles are intimately associate with the bones of the skeleton
Muscles and movement
Skeletal muscles are intimately associate with the bones of the skeleton
Skeletal muscles have:• An origin• An insertion
Origin
Insertion
Muscles and movement
Skeletal muscles are intimately associate with the bones of the skeleton
Skeletal muscles have:• An origin• An insertion
Muscles work in opposing groups to effect movement and maintain posture eg
• Biceps• Triceps
bicep
tricep
Triceps contracted
Biceps relaxed
Triceps relaxed
Biceps contracted
Skeletomuscular system
The skeletomuscular system is composed of the skeleton and the skeletal muscles which work together to provide posture and movement.
Composed of:• Bone• Muscle
Controlled by the nervous system
Questions
1. What four tissues does a long bone consist of?
2. How many bones are there in the adult skeleton? What are the two major divisions of the skeleton and which mineral is found in bones?
3. Name two parts of the axial skeleton and two parts of the appendicular skeleton.
4. Excluding the jaws and other small bones, name the four largest bones of the skull that enclose the cranium.
5. In addition to the coccyx, what are the four regions of the spine, in order, from the top?
Questions
6. What does a joint do and name the three types?
7. In addition to the hinge joint, name four other types of synovial joint.
8. What are the four movements of an angular joint?
9. Name the three types of muscle; which one is also described as 'striped' or 'striated'?
10. What are the two types of contractile protein and where are they contained? What is used in the process of contraction?
11. Describe what happens at a neuromuscular junction.
Questions
12. What are the ends of a skeletal muscle called where it joins to the skeleton? What joins the muscle to the bone and what is it made of?
13. Which two muscles of the arm control the movement of the lower arm? How would you describe the relative position of these muscles and which one is responsible for extending the arm?
Four things about…(a simple approach to anatomy and physiology)
Special Senses
Four things about…(a simple approach to anatomy and physiology)
The skeletomuscular system
