Skeletal System Health Care Science Technology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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Transcript of Skeletal System Health Care Science Technology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Terms to know
• Abduction – motion away from the midline of the body
• Adduction- motion toward the midline of the body
• Flexion – decrease in the angle between two bones at their joint
• Extension – movement that straightens bones at their joint.
• Joint – point of juncture of two or more bones
• Ligaments – tissue which connects bones to bones at a joint
Skeletal System Terms• arthr/o………….joint
• burs/o…………bursa• carp/o………...carpels (wrist)
• chondr/o……cartilage• clavicul/o……clavicle (collar bone)
• coccyg/o………coccyx (tailbone)
• cost/o……………rib
• crani/o…………skull
• femor/o………femur (thigh bone)
• fibul/o…………fibula (thinner lower leg bone)
• humer/o …….humerus (upper arm bone)
• ili/o…………..ilium (part of the pelvis)
• ischi/o………….ischium (part of the pelvis)
• mandibul/o……mandible (lower jaw)
• maxill/o ………..maxilla (upper jaw)
• metacarp/o…….metacarpus (hand bones)
• metatars/o……..metatarsus (foot bones)
• muscul/o………muscle
• my/o…………...muscle
• myel/o…bone marrow
• oste/o…………bone• patell/o……….patella (knee cap)
• Phalang/o…phalanges (fingers and toes)
• pub/o………….pubis (part of the pelvis)
• radi/o………. radius (part of the forearm)
• sacr/o……….sacrum• scapul/o……..scapular (shoulder blade)
• spondyl/o…….vertebra• stern/o ……..sternum (breast bone)
• tars/o……….tarsals (ankle)
• ten/o………..tendon
• tendin/o………tendon
• tibi/o………….tibia (shin, larger lower leg bone)
• uln/o…………..ulna (part of the forearm)
• vertebr/o……..vertebra
Functions of the Skeleton– Support
• Provides a framework for the body– Protection
• Protects vital organs– Movement– Storage areas
• Stores calcium– Production – produces blood cells in the
marrow
Long Bones
• The longest portion of a long bone is called the “shaft”. The outer portion is compact bone. Oxygen and nutrients are brought from the bloodstream to the compact bone.
• The shaft is also called the diaphysis. Each end of the shaft has an area shaped to connect to other bones by means of ligaments and muscles. These ends are called epiphysis
Flat Bones
• Usually have large flat surfaces that cover organs. The shoulder blades, ribs, pelvis, and skull have flat bones
Irregular Bones
•Irregular bones are specialized bones with specific shapes.•The bones of the ears, face, and vertebrae are irregular bones.
Sesamoid Bones
– Sesamoid bones are formed in a tendon near joints.
• The knee cap (patella) is a sesamoid bone. Sesamoid bones are also found in the hands and
feet.
• Bone Marrow– Soft connective tissue is important in
the production of blood cells.– Red bone marrow is found in infants’
bones and in flat bones of adults.– Yellow bone marrow is found in most
other adult bones and is made up of connective tissue filled with fat.
Bones of the Head (Skull)
– Frontal bone. – Ethmoid bone. – Parietal bone.– Temporal bone.– Occipital bone.– Sphenoid bone.
• The Spinal Column– Consists of 5 sets of vertebrae.
• Cervical vertebrae – 7 bones.
• Thoracic vertebrae – 12 bones.
• Lumbar vertebrae – 5 bones.
• Sacrum – 5 fused bones.
• Coccyx – the tailbone, formed from 4 fused bones.
• Bones of the Pelvis– Pelvic girdle –
large bone that forms the hips and supports the trunk of the body.
– Cartilage connects the 2 pubic bones.
– Upper extremities
– Arms • Humerus• Radius• Ulna• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
– Lower extremities
– Legs • Femur• Patella• Tibia• Fibula• Tarsals• Metatarsals• Phalanges
Types of Joints
• Fixed Joints – allow no movement of bones (example: bones in the skull)
• Partially moveable joints – allow some movement of bones (example: vertebrae)
Moveable Joints
• Allows full movement of bones
• Different types of movable joints:– Ball-and-socket
joints allow movement in any direction.
Arthritis
• It is an inflammation of the joints causing pain, stiffness, aching, and limited range of motion. The three common types are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.
Sprain
• An injury or trauma to the joints that tears the ligaments. Symptoms include swelling, tenderness, pain, and an inability to move the area.