Skeletal System
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Transcript of Skeletal System
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{{Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
By Connor Beasley, Lauren Buchberger,By Connor Beasley, Lauren Buchberger, Mary Burkhart, Mykhala StillingsMary Burkhart, Mykhala Stillings
http://www.paperspencils.com/2013/05/14/deadly-dungeons-20-dancing-skeleton-room/
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Keeps body upright and Keeps body upright and togethertogether
SupportSupport ProtectionProtects inner organs and
fragile body tissuesExample: Ribs protect heart, lungs, etc Vertebrae protect spinal cord
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel01.html#whatwww.biology4kids.com
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Provides attachment Provides attachment for muscles for muscles
MovemenMovementt Blood Cell
ReproductionBlood cells formed in the bone marrow
StorageStorageHouses many minerals and Houses many minerals and immature blood cells in the immature blood cells in the bonebone
Example: Calcium, lipids, red blood cells
www.georgetownhospitalsystem.orgwww.sciencelearn.org.nz
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Bones of the skullBones of the skull Develop between Develop between
membranesmembranes Connecting tissue Connecting tissue
forming in sheets forming in sheets which become the which become the bones periosteumbones periosteum
Cells in the connective Cells in the connective tissue differentiate into tissue differentiate into osteoblastsosteoblasts
Osteoblasts produce Osteoblasts produce the spongy bonethe spongy bone
Osteoblasts begin Osteoblasts begin producing compact producing compact bone on edges of bone on edges of spongy bonespongy bone
Development of Intramembranous Development of Intramembranous BonesBones
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Development of an Endochondral Development of an Endochondral BoneBone
Primary Ossification CenterPrimary Ossification Center1.1.Masses of hyaline cartilageMasses of hyaline cartilage2.2.Cartilage breaks down and Cartilage breaks down and disappearsdisappears3.3. Periosteum forms from Periosteum forms from connective tissue and covers connective tissue and covers developing diaphysisdeveloping diaphysis4.4.Spongy bones form where Spongy bones form where cartilage once wascartilage once was
http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html
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Development of an Endochondral Development of an Endochondral BoneBone
Secondary Ossification Centers
1.Spongy bone forms in all directions2.Epiphyseal Plate forms between the ossification centers3.Cartilaginous plate thickens, lengthening the bonehttp://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/
42/10965/2807221.cw/index.html
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Osteoclasts Osteoclasts break down the calcified extracellular matrix of bone
Come from bone marrow when white blood cells fuse
Secrete an acid that dissolves the inorganic compound of calcified matrix
Remove the extracellular matrix Osteoblasts invade region and deposit new bone
tissue in place of calcified cartilage
Maintaining Long Maintaining Long BoneBone
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Long bone lengthens while Long bone lengthens while cartilaginous cells of cartilaginous cells of epiphysial plates are activeepiphysial plates are active
When ossification centers of When ossification centers of diaphysis and epiphyses diaphysis and epiphyses meet and the epiphyseal meet and the epiphyseal plates ossify, lengthening is plates ossify, lengthening is no longer possibleno longer possible
Long bone thickens as Long bone thickens as compact bone is deposited, compact bone is deposited, and resulting space in the and resulting space in the middle becomes medullary middle becomes medullary cavity and fills with marrow.cavity and fills with marrow.
Developing Long BoneDeveloping Long Bone
http://prezi.com/dnt6nk16zr6p/anatomy-of-a-long-bone/
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Appendicular vs. AxialAppendicular vs. Axial
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/appendicular-and-axial/deck/2846767
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23 Major Bones of the 23 Major Bones of the BodyBody
http://eofdreams.com/skeleton.html
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23 Major Bones of the 23 Major Bones of the BodyBody
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Anatomy of the Long Anatomy of the Long BoneBone
Spongy bone: Reduces bone weight
Periosteum: Encloses the bone, except for articular cartilage
Medullary Cavity: Houses bone marrow & vessels
Compact bone: Protects
Articular Cartilage: Reduces shock
Epiphysis: Articulates with another bone to form a jointhttp://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/
notes/api%20notes%20h%20skeletal%20system.htm
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LigamentLigamentss
• Connects bone to bone
Examples:- Patellar ligament- Lateral collateral
ligament- Anterior cruciate
ligamenthttp://www.healthandfitnesstalk.com/tag/acl/
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• Connect Connect bones to bones to musclesmuscles
ExamplesExamples: : -Achilles tendon-Achilles tendon-Teres minor tendons-Teres minor tendons- Felxor tendons- Felxor tendons
TendonTendonss
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html
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• Tough, elastic, Tough, elastic, fibrous fibrous connective connective tissuetissue
Cartilage Cartilage
Examples:-Hyaline Cartilage-Elastic Cartilage-Fibrocartilage
http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Surgery/Interposition-Arthroplasty/a~250/article.html
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Fibrous Joints Fibrous Joints lie between lie between bones that closely contact bones that closely contact one another and have no one another and have no movementmovement Example: Example: Sutures between Sutures between
bones of the skullbones of the skull
Cartilaginous Joints Cartilaginous Joints allow allow limited movement limited movement Example: Example: Between Between
vertebrae, pubic symphisisvertebrae, pubic symphisis
Synovial Joints Synovial Joints allow free allow free movement movement
JointsJoints http://nh-chs-anatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/70452951/Fibrous%20and%20Cartilaginous%20Joints-%20Isasky%20and%20Jaehne
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html
http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Cartilaginous_joints.html
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Synovial Synovial JointsJoints
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect11.html
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Ball-and-Ball-and-Socket Socket allows a allows a wider range wider range of motion of motion
Examples:Examples:- ShoulderShoulder- HipHip
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html
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Condyloid JointCondyloid Joint permits permits multiple multiple movements, but movements, but not rotationalnot rotational
Examples:Examples:- Joints between - Joints between
metacarpals and metacarpals and phalangesphalanges
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm
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Gliding Joints Gliding Joints flat or slightly flat or slightly curved and curved and allow sliding allow sliding & twisting & twisting movementsmovements
Examples:Examples:- Joints within wrists Joints within wrists
& ankle& ankle- Ribs 2-7Ribs 2-7
http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php
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Hinge Joint Hinge Joint convex surface fits convex surface fits into concave into concave surface and moves surface and moves in only one planein only one plane
Examples:Examples:- Joints of phalangesJoints of phalanges
http://www.humpalphysicaltherapy.com/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Elbow-Anatomy/a~5607/article.html
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Pivot Joint Pivot Joint movement is movement is limited to limited to rotation rotation around around central axiscentral axis
Examples:Examples:- Proximal ends of - Proximal ends of
radius and ulnaradius and ulnahttp://www.paradoja7.com/picture-of-pivot-joint/
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Saddle Joint Saddle Joint surface of one surface of one bone fits the bone fits the complementary complementary surface of the surface of the otherother
Examples:Examples:- Joint between the trapezium - Joint between the trapezium
and metacarpal bones of and metacarpal bones of thumbthumb
http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php
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Joint Joint MovementsMovements
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion
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Flexion: Flexion: bending joint and decreasing anglebending joint and decreasing angleExtension: Extension: Straightening joint and Straightening joint and
increasing angleincreasing angleHyperextension: Hyperextension: extending beyond extending beyond
anatomical positionanatomical position
http://dc219.4shared.com/doc/RYbxrbeJ/preview.html
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Dorsiflexion: Dorsiflexion: bending foot at ankle towards shinbending foot at ankle towards shinPlantar flexionPlantar flexion: bending foot at ankle towards sole: bending foot at ankle towards soleEversion: Eversion: turning foot so sole faces laterally turning foot so sole faces laterally Inversion: Inversion: turning foot so sole faces mediallyturning foot so sole faces medially
http://getstinkout.wordpress.com/tag/twisted-ankle/http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html
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Abduction: Abduction: moving a part away from midlinemoving a part away from midlineAdduction: Adduction: moving a part away toward midlinemoving a part away toward midlineSupination: Supination: turning the hand so palm is facing upwardturning the hand so palm is facing upwardPronationPronation: turning the hand so palm is facing downward: turning the hand so palm is facing downward
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction
http://www.shadmehrlab.org/book/kinematics/kinematics.htm
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Circumduction: Circumduction: moving a part in a circular motionmoving a part in a circular motionRetraction: Retraction: moving a part backwardmoving a part backwardProtraction: Protraction: moving a part forwardmoving a part forward
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch09_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/circumduction.html
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Elevation: Elevation: Raising a part Raising a part Depression: Depression: Lowering a partLowering a part
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/regional-anatomy-1/deck/6344513
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Diseases of the Skeletal Diseases of the Skeletal SystemSystem
Arthritis
medicaltextboks.blogspot.com
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Degenerative disorderDegenerative disorder1.1. Cartilage softens and Cartilage softens and
disintegratesdisintegrates2.2. Articular surface Articular surface
roughensroughens3.3. Bones rub together Bones rub together
producing stiffness, loss producing stiffness, loss of motion, and painof motion, and pain
OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis
www.celebrex.com
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Autoimmune DiseaseAutoimmune Disease1.1. Swelling of synovial Swelling of synovial
cells and synovial cells and synovial fluid in jointsfluid in joints
2.2. Causes damage to Causes damage to the cartilage and the cartilage and bonebone
Rheumatoid ArthritisRheumatoid Arthritis
blog.proboostdirect.com
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Work Work CitedCited
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."Physiotherapy in Banff for Elbow." -Interposition Arthroplasty. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/Injuries-."Physiotherapy in Banff for Elbow." -Interposition Arthroplasty. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.activemotionphysio.ca/Injuries-Conditions/Elbow/Surgery/Interposition-Arthroplasty/a~250/article.html>.Conditions/Elbow/Surgery/Interposition-Arthroplasty/a~250/article.html>.
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““Skeletal System." Legacy. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api%20notes%20hSkeletal System." Legacy. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api%20notes%20h%20skeletal%20system.htm>.%20skeletal%20system.htm>.
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"Textbooks describe six ways that a synovial (diarthrotic) joint might move:." "Textbooks describe six ways that a synovial (diarthrotic) joint might move:." Synovial Joint Movements. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. Synovial Joint Movements. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htmhttp://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm
."The Scotty Sock." The Scotty Sock. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html>.."The Scotty Sock." The Scotty Sock. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/42-401-zapanta/page3.html>.
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"Types of Joint." s. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php>."Types of Joint." s. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/joints.php>.
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" TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction>."ball-and-socket joint." " TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction>."ball-and-socket joint." ball-and-socket joint. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html>.ball-and-socket joint. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/ball-and-socket_joint.html>.
““Tendon." tendon. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html>.Tendon." tendon. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tendon.html>.
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