SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skeletal SystemAll of the 1)bones and 2)tissues of the bodyThe 3)adult human skeleton is comprised of 4)206 bonesThe skeleton provides 5)stability and structure:It assists in 6)movement Protects 7)organsStores 8)mineralsProduces 9)blood cells

Skeletal SystemThe main 10)job of the skeleton is to provide 11)support for our bodyThe skeleton is 12)strong but lightIt also helps protect your 13)internal organs and fragile body 14)tissues

Skeletal SystemThe 15)cranium (skull) protects your brain and 16)eyesThe 17)ribs protect your heart and 18)lungsThe 19)vertebrae (spine, backbones) protect your spinal cord

Skeletal SystemBones provide the 20)structure for muscles to 21)attach so that our bodies are able to 22)move Tendons are tough 23)inelastic bands that hold muscle to 24)bone

Skeletal SystemA bone has an 25)outer layer of 26)hard bone, which is very strong, 27)dense and toughInside this is a layer of 28)spongy bone, which is like 29)honeycomb, lighter and slightly 30)flexibleIn the middle is 31)jelly-like bone marrow, where new 32)cells are constantly being produced for the 33)blood

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Circulatory System This system is 34)responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire 35)body.

It transports nutrients, 36)water, and oxygen to billions of body 37)cells

It also carries away 38)waste such as carbon dioxide that body 39)cells produce

Circulatory System The circulatory System is divided into 40)three major parts: 41)Heart 42)Blood 43)Blood Vessels

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Circulatory System-Heart The heart 44)beats about 3 BILLION times during an average 45)lifetime

It is a 46)muscle about the size of your 47)fist

The heart is located in the 48)center of your chest slightly to the 49)left

It's job is to pump 50)blood and keep the blood 51)moving throughout the body

Circulatory System-Blood The 52)blood is an amazing substance that is constantly 53)flowing through the body.

Blood travels through 54)thousands of miles of blood 55)vessels

A young person has about a 56)gallon of blood.

An adult has about 57) 5 quarts

Circulatory System-Red Blood Cells

58)Red blood cells are responsible for carrying: ◦59)Oxygen◦60)Carbon dioxide

These cells 61)pick up oxygen in the 62)lungs and transport it to all the body cells

Circulatory System-Red Blood Cells

After delivering the 63)oxygen to the cells it gathers up the carbon dioxide

It then 64)transports it back to the 65)lungs

Its then 66)removed from the body when we 67)exhale

There are about 68)5 million Red Blood Cells in 69) ONE drop of blood.

Circulatory System-White Blood Cells

These cells help the body fight off 70)germs White Blood Cells 71)attack and destroy germs when they 72)enter the body

When you have an 73)infection your body will produce more 74)White Blood Cells to help fight it

75)Antibiotic can help our White Blood Cells fight a 76)large scale infection

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Circulatory System-Platelets

These are blood cells that help 77)stop bleeding. When we 78)cut ourselves we have broken a blood 79)vessel and the blood leaks outIn order to 80)plug up the holes where the blood is leaking from the 81)platelets start to stick to the 82)opening of the damaged 83)blood vessels

Circulatory System-Platelets

As the 84)platelets stick to the opening of the 85)damaged vessel they attract 86)more plateletsWhen the platelet 87)plug is completely formed the wound stops 88)bleeding

Circulatory System-Plasma

Plasma is the 89)liquid part of the 90)blood Approximately 91)half of your blood is made of 92)plasma The plasma 93)carries the blood cells and other components throughout the 94)body Plasma is made in the 95)liver

Circulatory System-The Blood Vessels

The Blood Vessels consists of:96)Arteries97)Capillaries98)Veins

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Circulatory System-Blood Vessels

99)Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood 100)AWAY from the heart.

Capillaries are 101)tiny blood vessels as thin or thinner than the hairs on your 102)head

Capillaries connect 103)arteries to veins

Circulatory System-Blood Vessels

Food substances(nutrients), oxygen and 105)wastes pass in and out of your blood through the 106)capillary walls107)Veins carry blood back toward your 108)heart

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Respiratory System The 109)primary function of the respiratory system is to 110)supply the blood with oxygen throughout the 111)body It does this through 112)breathing

Respiratory System Breathing is so 113)vital to life that it happens 114)automatically

Each day, you breathe about 115)20,000 times

by the time you're 116)70 years old you'll have taken at least 117)600 million breaths

Respiratory System Respiration is achieved through: ◦118)Mouth◦119)Nose ◦120)Trachea (wind pipe)

◦121)Lungs◦122)Diaphragm

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Respiratory System At the 123)top of the respiratory system is the 124)nostrils This is were we take 125)air in It brings air into the 126)nose Here it's warmed and 127)humidified

Respiratory System Tiny 128)hairs called cilia protect the 129)nasal passageways

These hairs 130)filter out dust and other 131)particles that enter the nose through the breathed 132)air

Respiratory System Air can also be taken in through the 133)mouth

The nasal cavity and the mouth meet at the 134)throat (pharynx) at the back of the 135)nose and mouth

The 136)pharynx is part of the 137)digestive system as well as the respiratory system because it carries 138)both food and air.

Respiratory System At the bottom of the pharynx a 139)pathway divides in two:◦ One for 140)food (the esophagus) ◦ One for 141)air

The 142)larynx (voice box) is the uppermost part of the air-only 143)pipe

This short 144)tube contains a pair of 145)vocal cords

They 146)vibrate to make sounds

Respiratory System The 147)windpipe (trachea) extends 148)downward from the base of the 149)larynx

It is partly in the 150)neck and partly in the 151)chest cavity

The 152)walls of the trachea are strengthened by stiff rings of 153)cartilage to keep it open

Respiratory System It is also lined with 154)cilia It sweep 155)fluids and foreign particles out of the 156)airway so that they stay out of the 157)lungs

Respiratory System At the 158)bottom the trachea divides into left and right 159)air tubes These are called 160)bronchi and connect to the 161)lungs Within the lungs you get an even 162)smaller tubes called 163)bronchioles

Respiratory System Bronchioles 164)end in tiny air sacs called 165)alveoli This is where the exchange of 166)oxygen and 167)carbon dioxide takes place Each lung houses about 168)300-400 million alveoli

Respiratory System The 169)lungs also contain 170)elastic tissues that allow them to inflate and 171)deflate without losing 172)shape

They are 173)encased by a thin lining called the 174)pleura

The bronchial 175)tree is a network of:◦ Alveoli◦ 176)Bronchioles◦ Bronchi

Respiratory System The chest cavity is the 177)airtight box that houses the: ◦ Bronchial tree◦ 178)Lungs◦ Heart

The top and 179)sides of the chest cavity is formed by the 180)ribs and attached muscles

The 181)bottom is formed by a large muscle called the 182)diaphragm

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Respiratory System The chest 183)walls form a protective 184)cage around the lungs and other 185)organs within the chest

Respiratory System The 186)diaphragm separates the chest from the 187)abdomen

It plays a lead role in 188)breathing

It moves 189)downward when we breathe in enlarging the 190)chest cavity and pulling air in through the nose or 191)mouth

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Digestive System The 192)digestive system is made up of the digestive tract (alimentary canal) It is also home to other 193)abdominal organs that play a part in digestion:◦194)Liver◦195)Pancreas

Digestive System The alimentary canal is the long tube of 196)organs including:◦ (197)Esophagus◦ (198)Stomach◦ (199)Intestines

An adult's digestive tract is about (200)30 feet long.

Digestive System Digestion begins in the 201)mouth It starts 202)before food reaches the 203)stomach

When we:◦ 204)See◦ 205)Smell◦ 206)Taste

The flow of 207)saliva is set in motion by a brain 208)reflex that's triggered when we sense food or think about 209)eating

Digestive System In response to this 210)sensory the brain sends impulses through the nerves that control the 211)salivary glands It tells our 212)glands to prepare for a 213)meal

Digestive System The 214)teeth tear and chop the food 215)Saliva moistens it for easy swallowing

216)Amylase (digestive enzyme) breaks down the starches and 217)sugars (carbohydrates) in the food before it leaves the 218)mouth

219)Muscle movements in the tongue and mouth, moves the food into the 220)throat (Swallowing)

Digestive System A 221)flexible flap of tissue called the 222)epiglottis reflexively closes over the 223)windpipe when we swallow to prevent 224)choking

Food travels 225)down a muscular tube in the chest called the 226)esophagus

Waves of muscle contractions called 227)peristalsis force food down through the esophagus to the 228)stomach

Digestive System At the 229)end of the esophagus is a 230)sphincter (muscular valve)

This valve allows food to 231)enter the stomach and then squeezes 232)shut to keep food or fluid from flowing back up into the 233)esophagus

The stomach muscles 234)churn and mix the food with acids and 235)enzymes

Digestive System It 236)breaks it into much smaller 237)digestible pieces 238)Glands in the stomach lining produce about 239)3 quarts of digestive juices (acids) each 240)day

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