Skeletal System

Fill in the skeletal body on the back page of your packet. Use pages 134 in your text book.

Terminology 1261. aur-7. arthr(o)-2. poiesis8. carp-3. brachi-9. cervic4. oss-10. dia-5. burso11. cox(a), pelv6. genesis12. dactyl, digit13. ax-14. fov-15. front-16. scolio17. corac-18. condyl-

IntroductionHow many bones do you think are in the human body?206Largest Bone?FemurSmallest Bone?Ossicles (ear bones)

Functions (5)1.Support Body

2. Protect organs

3. Attachment of muscles

4. HemopoiesesThe bones make blood cells from embryonic month 5 on

5. Mineral StorageCa2(PO4)3

AnatomyThere are basically four types of bones.

1. Long Bonese.g.FemurRadiusulnahumerus

2. Short bonescarpals

3. Flat Bones

4. Irregular Bones

Parts of a long bonePlease color code the femur. Color code letters a-g.

EpiphysisA. Ends of the bone (Proximal and distal)

Epiphyseal plateA1: Cartilage growth plates on bone ends.(Growth plate)

(hyaline) cartilage on end of bone b bone trabeculae of spongy bone c red marrow cavity d epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage)

a Epiphyseal plate made of hyaline cartilage is responsible for long bone growth. Note: The direction of growth is toward the diaphysis (shaft of long bone). Also Note: The newly forming spongy bone (below the growth plate) is not clearly organized as the older spongy bone in the epiphysis above the growth plate.

DiaphysisB. Shaft of the bone, middle part.

Articular CartilageC. Cartilage layer to reduce pain and friction.

PeriosteumD. Living layer surrounding bone. Nourishing and growth in width.

Spongy boneLooks like a sponge.Mostly in the epiphysisContains red marrow (Makes RBCs)

Compact BoneClose together in diaphysis.Organized into concentric layers.

Medullary CavityHole in the middle of the bone.Filled with yellow marrow (fat for energy storage)

Surface features: (3)1. Projections2. Depressions3. Openings

ProjectionsFor attachments

DepressionsFor joints to fit together.

OpeningsFor blood vessels and nerves.

Osseous Tissue

Matrix

OsteocyteMature bone cells. Maintain bones and assist and repair.