Skeletal System
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Transcript of Skeletal System
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Skeletal System7 October 2013
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What do our bones reveal about us?
Our health, past and current
Trauma, past and current
Age
Gender
Race
Significant concept:
Our bones are dynamic – constantly changing
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What do our bones reveal about us?
Our health, past and current
Trauma, past and current
Age
Gender
Race
By the end of the mini unit, you will know how our bones change due to sex hormones, age, and disease.
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What are the functions of the bones?
1. Support - support and anchor the body and organs
2. Protection – protect organs
Examples:
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What are the functions of the bones?
1. Support - support and anchor the body and organs
2. Protection – protect organs
Examples: Skull protects brain.
Ribs protect heart and lungs.
Vertebrae protect spinal cord.
3. Movement – bones serve as an attachment site for muscles; muscles use bones like levers for movement
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What are the functions of the bones?
4. Storage – fat, calcium, and phosphorus storage
5. Blood cell formation – Red and white blood cells develop within the red marrow of long bones and flat bones
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Classifying Bones by Shape
Sesamoid bones are bones embedded within tendons. The patella is the largest example.
Sesamoid bones are a type of short bone.
Fun fact: The number and size of sesamoid bones vary in different people.
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Classifying Bones by Shape
4 corners
Determine which type of bone you have & move to the appropriate corner of the room.
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Classifying Bones by Shape
4 corners
Examine all the bones in your group.
1. Do you all agree about the type?
2. Can you guess which bones any of them are?
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Structure of a Long Bone The diaphysis is the shaft.
The epiphyses are the ends
Epiphyseal plates are plates of hyaline cartilage found near the ends of growing bones. In adults, this cartilage is completely replaced by bone, forming the epiphyseal line.
The epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage – provides a smooth, surface for joints.
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Structure of a Long Bone The diaphysis is covered with the
periosteum, a fibrous connective tissue
Inside the diaphysis is the medullary cavity.
In adults, the medullary cavity is filled with yellow marrow (function: to store fats)
In infants, the medullary cavity is filled with red marrow (function: to produce blood)
Fun fact: In adults, the yellow marrow of the medullary cavity can convert to red marrow in cases of severe anemia.
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Structure of a Long Bone
Think, Pair, Share:
Name two ways the structure of the long bone varies by age.
1) Infants have red marrow in medullary cavity – converts to yellow in adults
2) Growing individuals have epiphyseal plates (cartilage); adults have epiphyseal lines
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Classifying Bones by Tissue Type
There are two types of bone tissue: spongy bone and compact bone.
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Classifying Bones by Tissue Type
There are two types of bone tissue: spongy bone and compact bone.
Most bones contain both tissues types, in different locations.
In irregular, flat, and short bones, the compact bone is exterior and the spongy bone is interior.
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Classifying Bones by Tissue Type
There are two types of bone tissue: spongy bone and compact bone.
Most bones contain both tissues types, in different locations.
Long bones are mostly compact; in long bones the spongy tissue is found only in the ephiphyses (ends) of the bones.
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Microscopic Structure: Compact Bone
Even compact bone is not solid! It has many, many channels for blood vessels, nerves, nutrients and wastes.
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Microscopic Structure: Compact BoneBasic unit of structure: Osteon
Consists of a central (Haversian) canal and lamellae (rings of calcium salts)
Between lamellae are cavities called lacunae. The osteocytes (mature bone cells) are found in the lacunae.
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Microscopic Structure: Compact BoneTransport system:
Blood vessels and nerves grow through central canals (long axis) and perforating canals (short axis)
Canaliculi (tiny channels) branch from central canals to all lacunae
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Microscopic Structure: Compact BoneThink, Pair, Share:
Explain why an excellent transport system is vital to the functioning of bone.
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Microscopic Structure: Compact Bone
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Microscopic Structure: Compact Bone
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Microscopic Structure: Compact Bone
Osteonlamellae
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Microscopic Structure: Spongy Bone
All you need to know is that
1) Spongy bone is much less dense
2) Spongy bone contains red marrow, which functions to produce blood.
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You Do:
Make a concept map, showing connections between the following terms:
Group A Terms• Lamellae• Lacunae• Osteocyte• Central canal• Perforating canal • Canaliculi
Be prepared to share with the class!
Group B Terms• Yellow marrow• Red marrow• Hematopoiesis• Medullary cavity• Spongy bone• Compact bone• Diaphysis• epiphysis
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You Do:
Make a concept map, showing connections between the following terms:
Group A Terms• Lamellae• Lacunae• Osteocyte• Central canal• Perforating canal • Canaliculi
Be prepared to share with the class!
Group B Terms• Yellow marrow• Red marrow• Hematopoiesis• Medullary cavity• Spongy bone• Compact bone• Diaphysis• epiphysis
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Closure
1. What were our objectives today and how well did we meet them?
2. What learner profile trait did we focus on and how did we use it?
3. How does what we learned today address our unit question?
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Exit Ticket
1. Identify 3 functions of bones.
2. Name two bones and describe their shape.
3. Draw and label picture of either the gross anatomy (overall shape) of a long bone
OR the microscopic structure of compact bone.