Skeletal Myology From Student Research. Gluteus Maximus.
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Transcript of Skeletal Myology From Student Research. Gluteus Maximus.
![Page 1: Skeletal Myology From Student Research. Gluteus Maximus.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022033100/56649c775503460f9492c81e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Skeletal Myology
FromStudent Research
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Gluteus Maximus
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Gluteus Maximus
• Number-two• Origin-posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to
posterior gluteal line• Insertions-primarily in fascia lata at the illiotibial band,
also in the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral side• Action-major extension of hip joint, assists in laterally
rotating the thigh• Innervation-inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)• Other facts- largest of the gluteal muscle, allows
people to walk upright
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Gluteus Medius
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Gluteus Medius• Number-two• Origin-dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest• Insertion-lateral and superior surfaces of greater
trochanter• Action-major abductor of thigh• Innervation- superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)• Other facts- as you walk the gluteus medius
muscles supports full upper body weight and every one pound of extra body weight adds two pounds to the workload, also stabilizes the hips
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Gluteus Minimus
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Gluteus Minimus
• Number-two• Origin-dorsal ilium between inferior and
anterior gluteal lines• Insertion-anterior surface of greater
trochanter• Innervation-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)• Action-abduction of the hip• Other facts- smallest gluteal muscle
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Subscapularis
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• Origin: Entire anterior surface of the subscapularis fossa.
• Insertion: the lesser tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint.
• Action: rotates the head of the humerus medially(internal rotation); when the arm is raised, it draws the humerus forward and downward.
• Innervation: Subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
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• Origin- superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest
• Insertion- Vertebral border of scapula
• Innervation – Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,C6,C7)
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Gastrocnemis• Origin: just superior to
articular surfaces of the lateral and medial condyles of the femur.
• Insertion: posterior calcaneus via the Achilles Tendon
• Action: plantar flexes the foot, and it also flexes the knee.
• Innervation: tibial nerve (S1 - S2)
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Soleus• Origin: posterior superior
fibula and tibia• Insertion: Posterior
calcaneous via Achilles Tendon
• Action: plantar flexion.• Innervation:tibial nerve,
(L5-S2)
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Triceps Brachii
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Origin• Long Head- From infraglenoid tuberosity of the
scapula • Lateral Head- From posterior and lateral surface
of the Humerus • Medial Head- From lower posterior surface of
the Humerus
• Insertion: Upper posterior surface of the olecranon and the deep forearm fascia
• Action: extension of the forearm, stabilize shoulders
• Innervation: radial nerve
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Levator Scapulae
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• Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1- C4• Insertion: Upper part of the medial border of scapula• Action: Raises medial border of scapula• Innervation: Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal
scapular nerve (C5)
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Coracobrachialis • Origin: Coracoid process of scapula.
• Insertion: Mid-medial surface of humerus.
• Action: Flexes and adducts arm at shoulders.
• Innervation: musculoskeletal nerve and partly by the radial nerve.
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DeltoidOrigin: anterior surface of lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flexes & medially rotation, abduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve
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Biceps Brachii
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Biceps Brachii
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Biceps Brachii• Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula• Insertion: Radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of
forearm• Action: flexes elbow• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
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Brachialis
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Origin: anterior, distal half of the humerus
Insertion: Coroniod process and tuberosity of ulna.
Function: Flexes forearm at the elbow.
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
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Internal Abdominal Oblique
• Origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia
• Insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 8-12: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
• Innervation: lower intercostal nerves, as well as the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve
• Action: flexes, rotates and laterally flexes torso at lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral levels, compresses abdomen
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External Abdominal Oblique
• Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
• Insertion: anterior iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
• Actions: flexes vertebral column (draws thorax downward), rotates vertebral column (torso), laterally flexes vertebral column (torso), compress abdomen.
• Innervation: The external oblique muscle is innervated by ventral branches of the lower 6 intercostal (thoracoabdominal) nerves and the subcostal nerve on each side.
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Rhomboideus Major• Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae.
• Insertion: Medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula.
• Actions: Retracts and elevates the medial border of scapula while it downwardly rotates the lateral angle.
• Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5).
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External Anal Sphincter• Origin: perineal body or central tendinous
point of the perineum
• Insertion: encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to coccyx.
• Action: constricts the anal canal
• Innervation: inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)
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Rectus Femoris• Origin: anterior inferior iliac
spine • Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via
patellar tendon, patella and patellar ligament.
• Action: Extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip
• Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
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Biceps Femoris
• Origin: Ischial Tuberosity• Insertion: Head of fibula
and lateral condyle of tibia.
• Action: : Extends femur, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg if knee is flexed
• Innervation: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
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Biceps Femoris
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Buccinator
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Buccinator
Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis Oris Function: Compresses cheek into the teeth for chewing.
Innervation: Deep buccal branches of the facial nerve (C.N. VII)
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Zygomaticus
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Zygomaticus
Origin: Anterior surface of zygomatic bone
Insertion: Fascia and fibers of orbicularis oris at angle of mouth
Function: Elevates and draws angle of mouth laterally
Innervation: zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
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Adductor Longus
• Origin:
• Insertion: middle third of the linea aspera.
• Function: adduct and laterally rotate the femur.
• Innervation: obturator nerve ( )
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AdductorMagnus
and Longus
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Adductor Magnus
• Origin:
• Insertion: Adductor tubercle on the medial condyle of the femur and linea aspera
• Action: Medial rotator when the leg is rotated outwards and flexed, extends the hip joint
• Innervation: posterior division of the obturator nerve ( ) and tibial nerve.
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Pronator Teres
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Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial Epicondyle (Common Flexor Tendon) and Coronoid Process of Ulna
Insertion: Middle of the lateral surface of the shaft of the radius.
Function– Pronation and flexion of the forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve
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Pronator Quadratus
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Pronator Quadratus
• Origin: Medial, anterior surface of the Ulna
• Insertion: Lateral, anterior surface of the Radius
• Function:
• Innervation: Median Nerve (Anterior interosseous Nerve)
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Hamstrings Muscle Group • There are 2 groups of Hamstring Muscles (3 muscles in each leg)• They are located on the posterior thigh.
– Semitendinosus: • Origin: upper in quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity • Insertion: Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis • Function/Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip• Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve.
– Semimembranosus:• Origin: upper outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial
tuberosity• Insertion: medial condyle of tibia below articular margin, fascia
over popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament • Function/Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip• Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
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Biceps Femoris
Origin: Long head; upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head; middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
Insertion: Styloid process of head of fibula. Lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle.
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip.
Nerve Supply: Long head; tibial portion of sciatic nerve. Short head; common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve (both L5, S1)
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Quadriceps Muscle Group• 2 groups of Quadricep Muscles ( 4 muscles in each leg)• They cover the front and sides of the thigh.
– Rectus Femoris:• Origin: Straight head; anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head; ilium above
acetabulum.• Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle
of tibia.• Function/Action: Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip.• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
– Vastus Lateralis (Externus):• Origin: Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea
aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum.• Insertion: Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into
tubercle of tibia. • Function/Action: Extends knee.• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
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Quadriceps continued...– Vastus Intermedius:
• Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur.• Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into
tubercle of tibia.• Function/Action: Extends knee• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)
– Vastus Medialis (Internus):• Origin: Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera
and medial intermuscular septum. • Insertion: Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into
medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia. • Function/Action: Extends knee, Stabilizes patella.• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
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Quadriceps Muscles
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• Orbicularis Oculi
• ORIGIN - medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac
• INSERTION - Lateral palpebral raphe
• ACTION - Closes eyelids, aids drainage of tears
• NERVE - Temporal and zygomatic branches of facial• nerve ( CN VII)
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Orbicularis Oculi
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• Orbicularis Oris
ORIGIN - Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla and mandible
INSERTION - Mucous membrane of margin of lips and raphe with buccinator at modiolus
ACTION - Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and puckers lip edges
NERVE -
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Orbicularis Oris
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UNIQUE INFORMATION #
ORBICULARIS OCULI
-Facial paralysis affects the orbicularis oculi muscle. -The inability to close the eye causes it to dry out, resulting in pain or blindness.
2
ORBICULARIS ORIS
-In common language, the orbicularis oris is often referred to as "the kissing muscle."
1
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Frontalis
* There is only 1 Frontalis muscle in the human body. * The Frontalis is located across the top of the FrontalBone.* The Frontalis are joined together above the rootof the nose and to the top ofThe Frontal Bone.
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Frontalis Continued...
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
* Function: Facial expressions such as lifting skin of forehead and eyebrows.
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Occipitalis
• There is only one Occipitalis muscle in the human body.
• The Occipitalis is locatedAlong the back of the head Across the Occipital Bone.• The Occipitalis is joined Together by tendinous fiberRunning from the OccipitalBone.
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Occipitalis continued...
• Function: Moving the scalp posterior• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
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Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)
• How Many: 2• Origin: Upper two thirds of
lateral shaft of fibula• Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal
bones• Action: Plantar flexion and
eversion of foot; also supports arch
• Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
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Peroneus Tertius (Fibularis Tertius)
• How Many: 2• Origin: Anterior surface of
fibula• Insertion: Dorsal surface of the
base of the 5th metatarsal• Action: Dorsiflexion and
eversion of foot• Innervation: Deep peroneal
nerve (L5, S1)
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Tibialis Anterior and Posterior
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Information...
• Origin: Anterior - upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane. Posterior – Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper half of fibula between medial nerve crest and interosseous border, and interosseous membrane.
• Insertion: Anterior – Inferomedial aspect of medical cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal. Posterior – Tuberosity of navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus) and spring ligament.
• Action: Anterior – Extends and inverts foot at ankle & holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot. Posterior – Plantar flexes and inverts foot & supports medial longitudinal arch of foot.
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Nerve supply
• Anterior: Peroneal, L4, L5, S1• Posterior: Tibial: L5, S1
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Latissimus Dorsi• Origin: Spinous process of vertebrae T7-L5,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs and inferior angle of scapula
• Insertion : Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
• Action: to abduct or extend and internally rotate the arm.
• Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve.
• ‘The Swimmer’s Muscle’
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Trapezious
Origin: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line, spinous process of vertebrae C7-T12.)
Insertion: Posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Action: rotation, retraction , elevation and depression of scapula.
Nerve supply: Accessory nerve (CN XI), cervical spinal nerves C3 & C4
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: distal lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: extends and abducts hand at wrist
Nerve supply: Radial nerve, C6, C7
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base 3rd metacarpal (dorsal surface)
Action: extends and abducts the wrist
Nerve supply: C6, C7
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The Gracilis Muscle
• Location: Groin• Function: Responsible for hipabduction and assists knee flection
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Sartorius
• Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
• Insertion: • Function: • Innervation:
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Temporalis
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Temporalis Origin: Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line (of the
parietal bone) and infratemporal crest.
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible and anterior ramus of the mandible.
Action: Elevates mandible (closes jaw) and retracts mandible (horizontal fibers of posterior part of muscle).
Nerve Supply: Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve (CN V).
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Masseter
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MasseterOrigin: superficial portion - zygomatic bone, deep - zygomatic arch.
Insertion: ramus of the mandible
Action: elevation of mandible (chew food)
Nerve Supply: masseteric nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)