Skabelon til udgivelser fra SBi -...

Skabelon til udgivelser fra SBi

Wheeled Mobility Devices and

the Built Environment

Alborz Ahosseini

SBi

Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University 2014

Title Wheeled Mobility Aid devices and the Built Environment

Serietitel

Format

Edition First edition

Year of publication 2014

Author Alborz Ahosseini

Language English

Number of pages 50

Summary

Keywords

ISBN

Price

Layout

Drawings Alborz Ahosseini

Printers

Publisher Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vnge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV E-mail [email protected] www.sbi.dk

This publication is covered by the Danish Copyright Act

Table of Contents

Fore word (Preference)41.Introduction52.Human, Disability and Mobility aid72.1 Human chart72.2 Disability types and definitions:82.3 List of wheeled mobility aids:93.Collection of Current Wheeled Mobility Aid devices in the Market and in the Current Benchmark Literature113.1Denmarks current wheeled mobility aids113.2 Worlds current wheeled mobility aids133.3 Maximum dimensions of mobility aids143.4 Maximum dimensions of new mobility aids presented as one device (Hypothetical)153.4.1 Maximum dimensions of hypothetical new mobility aid153.4.2 Maximum dimensions of new mobility aid including user163.4.3 Maximum dimensions of new mobility aid including user and helper174.Building (From outside to inside):184.1 Parking194.1.1 Calculation of dimensions of off-street parking; based on new mobility aid dimension194.1.2 Comparison of new suggestions for parking space dimension with current standards21Conclusion for parking dimensions:254.2 Access to the building (Vertical)26Conclusion for access to the building dimensions (vertical):304.3 Entrance31Conclusions for entrance dimensions:354.4 Dimensions of maneuvering area; based on new mobility aid dimensions:364.5 Access to buildings facilities374.5.1 Toilettes374.5.2 ATMs414.5.3 Switches and controls41Conclusions for access to buildings facilities:424.6 Emergency situation:43References:44Web references:45Appendix:46

Foreword (Preference)

Lots of new buildings are being built at present in Denmark and if we do not be quickly find and publish new suggestions and standards for building regulation with respect to advances in wheeled mobility aid devices, all these new parts of the cities will be built based on old regulations.

How to use this text:

This part of the document describes how different sections are organized and how it should be used by the readers.

This document has 4 main chapters followed by Appendix and reference list. Chapter 1 is the introduction which discusses the purpose and need for this document. Chapter 2 provides information about human chart, disability types and a list of mobility aid devices. Chapter 3 presents a detailed collection of wheeled mobility aid devices on the Danish market and globally. Chapter 4 also includes the dimensions of a symbolic new mobility aid device that is used for further investigations in this research. The 4th chapter has focus on building and in this part, the path of a person with mobility impairment from car parking, entering the building, using the building facilities and going out is considered.

To achieve the greatest benefit from this document, it is recommended that the user start by reading the introduction and getting familiar with reference list". Following that, reading Sections 1 and 2 and Sub-sections 3.3 and 3.4 are recommended. Then the reader could move to the chapter of interest and start reading directly about for example building facilities or access to building etc...

Getting familiar with the references:

The references used in this document are mentioned at the "references" section; those are selected from the references currently used in Denmark and globally, like the Danish Building Regulations and recommendations as well as valid standards like British Standards" and "ISO 2011" for building standards and norms. For the anthropometrical data (human body measure), valid references such as "Humanscale 4/5/6 Manual" and "The Measure of Man and Woman: Human factors in design" are used. Most of the measures for mobility aid devices are drawn from webpages of the largest and most important distributers and producers of mobility aids in Denmark and globally such as "Assistive technology data- The national board of social services", "Invacare shop" and "Pegasus mobility".

Scientific Publication:

The following publication has been resulted from the work done in this research:

Ahosseini A. (2014). New Wheeled Mobility Aids and Parking Spaces. International Conference on Universal Design (UD2014) , Lund University. (http://ebooks.iospress.nl/volumearticle/36472)

1. Introduction

The main goal of this study is to investigate the accessibility standards for built environments based on the evolution in mobility aids. In order to do that, this research-based study starts with a comparison of the existing standards/norms for built environments. The norms/standards for the built environments in current reference books, as well as the logic behind calculations of these norms and provisions, are investigated based on the new and older mobility aid devices.

A list of existing mobility aid devices and their dimensions are prepared both for the national market in Denmark and the global market

To define the actual required measurements of built environments norm in different scenarios, the human anthropometric measures must be taken into account.

The new proposed measurements for the built environments norms and provisions are obtained from adding the size of the new Mobility Aid devices to the measures of a human body.

Universal Design; Accessibility for All

Contemporary cities and built environments provide an abundance of experiences and possibilities for the people without any limitations imposed upon them by the built environment. These opportunities should be the same for people with or without disabilities and these requirements are in accordance with the universal design principles. The universal design concept is to make life easier for all people by focusing on making the products and environments useful for more people thereby reducing the need for an assistant. The principles aim at easing life for all people regardless of their age, size, and disability.

Building Regulations

To ensure that cities and built environments are accessible for all, coherent guidelines, standards and checklists are being developed in many countries. These guidelines and standards intend to deal with the needs of people with a wide range of disabilities such as mobility, sight, hearing or cognitive disabilities that limit their ability to access their built environment on an equal footing. These guidelines and check lists are based on a series of norms and standards which has been in use for years now; specially in the building regulations. To make the built environment accessible for all, these norms are the base principle in order to implement the required knowledge in the building regulations.

New accessibility equipment and devices

The world is evolving rapidly, and new accessibility equipment and devices are introduced which makes life easier for people with disabilities. However, the rapid developments in the evolution of accessibility equipment may not always be in sync with existing accessibility norms and standards. Constructors, designers and others involved in accessible design projects are using these norms and standards without considering the fact that enhancements in the equipment and modern facilities may have changed the necessary demands to access to the built environments. The gap between accessibility provisions in built environments and the developments in accessibility equipment is increasing by not taking the evolution of assistive equipment into account. It is important to focus on the rapid development of accessibility equipment and the way that this development evolves and will affect the built environment.

New accessibility devices and their effects on the built environment

The developments in the design of assistive equipment will have a huge bearing on the built environment and the corresponding accessibility norms since some of todays strict requirements may be unnecessary in the future and vice versa. It is very important to know where we stand at the moment with regard to the evolution of accessibility equipment and what the future perspective might be. By having a future perspective on the development of accessibility equipment, some of the existing accessibility norms and provisions may thus be required to change significantly.

One of the important assistive mobility devices is the wheeled mobility device which is considered to be the most effective way of improving the impact of mobility limitations for many people with mobility impairments.

The design of wheeled mobility aid devices is rapidly evolving, and therefore the relevant accessibility standards for built environments need to be reconsidered respectively to cover future developments. Standards for accessible design should be changed to reflect the development of these devices and their design. In this study, the focus is on these devices and the effects of their development on the built environment. The main objective now is to investigate the new accessibility standards for built environments based on the evolution in mobility aids.

2. Human, Disability and Mobility Aid2.1 Human chart

All people experience some kind of disability during at least one period of their life; e.g. during pregnancy, some kind of illness, broken bones, impairments depending on age and so on. Seen from this perspective, a mobility aid is an essential requirement at least once in the life of many human beings.

There are differences among people such as gender (male/ female/ other) that have no effect on their use of mobility aids. On the other hand, there are differences among people that affects on their use of mobility aids, such as age (adult, children and elderly) and body type (normal/ bariatric or overweight or obese).

Different countries have their own definition of children and elderly people. But mostly the word child means a person under 18 years of age and elderly people means people over 65.

For categorizing people by body type, their BMI (Body Mass Index) is used as scale. A person with a BMI between 18.5 and 25 is a normal (healthy weight) person, and a person with BMI between 25 and 30 is an overweight person but still not bariatric. So in this research people with BMI between 25 and 30 are also included as normal BMI people since they do not need special care.

The focus of this report is on average size, normal weight adults (with a BMI between 18.5 and 30) and the human scale in this report is based on a scale of a person being between 18 and 65 years old.

For further information about the people with BMI over 30 (Obese) or bariatric, one can read Pladskrav og indretning til svrt overvgtige personer - en vejledning (in Danish).

2.2 Disability types and definitions:

The focus of this research is on people with physical disabilities and specifically with mobility impairment. Other disabilities are just mentioned and not further investigated.

Physical disabilities:Mobility impairment

People with mobility impairment are the people who have problems with walking. Reduced function of legs and feet sometimes leads to user dependency on a wheelchair or artificial aid (instead of body parts) for walking. In addition to people born with a disability, this group includes a large number of people whose condition is caused by age, weight, size, mental state or accidents.

Dexterity impairment (arms/hands/fingers)

People with dexterity impairment (arms/hands/fingers) cannot use their hand power so they should use specially designed mobility aid device or a manual wheelchair with a helper.

Some other disabilities are just mentioned below. The focus of this study is on people with physical disabilities and therefore, these disabilities are not further investigated:

Visual impairment (blindness/color blindness/low vision)Hearing impairmentLearning disabilityAsthma and allergy

Note: A person may have two or more disabilities; in that case some special devises should be designed for her/him.

2.3 List of wheeled mobility aids:

Different types of mobility aids are being used by people with different disabilities. The focus of this research is on wheeled mobility aid devices.

Standards with different quality levels are used to make a building accessible for people with different levels of disabilities. For public buildings, high-quality standard levels are suggested to make them accessible for a wider range of wheeled mobility aids.

If the high-quality standard levels are followed in buildings with public access such as libraries, schools, shopping centers etc., then the user of an out-door scooter is able to access the buildings facilities with her/his scooter and she/he does not need to change to another (smaller) device before entering the building.

For example she/he does not need to change from an out-door scooter to a manual wheelchairs or walker as some shopping centers offer their customers.

A list of different types of wheeled mobility aid devices is presented in this sub-section:

Walkers Wheeled walkers

A wheeled walker could be three or four wheels dependent on type of disability and where it is being used.

Manual wheelchairs Self-Propelled

Self-propelled wheelchairs are used in case the user has the ability to propel the device.

Attendant propelled

These devices are being used by people who do not have ability to propel the device themselves so they need a helper.

Electric wheelchairsA motorized wheelchair, power-chair, electric wheelchair or electric-powered wheelchair (EPW) is also being used by people with mobility impairment, but this is propelled by means of an electric motor rather than manual power.Three, four or six wheels wheelchairs

The number of wheels gives different levels of freedom and abilities (maneuvering space, turning angle and so on) to a device, and makes it more suitable for indoor or outdoor use.

ScootersIndoor scooters

Indoor scooters are usually smaller and mostly have three wheels.

Outdoor scooters

They are bigger and mostly with four wheels. They are designed to be used outdoors but they can be used indoors in high-quality standard buildings with public access.

Special devices

Some mobility aids are designed to fulfill the needs of a special application; it can be a special sport or for medical use such as a neurologist-wheelchair.

Note: Mobility aids without wheels are for example canes and crutches and walkers (without wheels). Since they are not relevant to this report, they are not listed above.

3. Collection of Current Wheeled Mobility Aid Devices in the Market and on the Current Benchmark Literature

The dimensions of the mobility aids presented in this research are mainly drawn from two different sources:

Devices existing on the market at present in Denmark and globally

(Sections 3.1 & 3.2)

Devices which are used as a reference in benchmark literatures and building regulations. (Section 3.3)

A summary of the existing mobility aid devices on the Danish and global market are presented in Tables 1-4 in Sections 3.1 and 3.2. In Section 3.3, a collection of dimensions of mobility aids on the market and in benchmark literature and building regulations is presented. In Section 3.4, all the mentioned results in Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 are summarized in one symbolic device with the absolute maximum dimensions (Fig. 1) that can be used in making a building accessible for all.

3.1 Denmarks current wheeled mobility aid devices

In the following tables, dimensions of some new mobility aids which are currently on the Danish market are listed. The tables are categorized in adult, children and bariatric. Full tables are attached in the appendix I.

The models mentioned in these tables are selected based on their size. The devices are chosen from the most common devices on the market and sorted by type from walker to scooter.

Table 1 Adults (between 18 and 65 of age):

(This is a summary of table1 in the appendix I)

Product type

Product name

Length

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Height

(mm)

Turning

diameter +user (mm)

Walker

Malte Rollator

str. 4

920

800

1200

_

Manual wheelchair

Azalea Base

1070

720

1400

_

Manual wheelchair

Rea Azalea

1020

770

1250

_

Electric

wheelchair

Invacare Mirage

1020

820

1250

_

Scooter

Mini Crosser

Nordic 4-Wheels

1390

660

_

3180

Scooter

Mini Crosser

Nordic 3-Wheels

1360

660

_

2540

The dimensions of devices for two other types of person (children, bariatric) are mentioned in table 2 and table 3 in order to highlight the differences of the size of the devices. The dimensions of mobility aids in other countries than Denmark are shown in Table 4.

However, as mentioned above, the focus of this study is on average-size adults and the devices which are currently available on the Danish market. Unfortunately there is not a precise statistic of mobility aid devices and their users or any classified information about them at the moment in Denmark.

These four tables (1-4) show just some examples of products that have at least maximum dimension in one of length, width, height or turning diameter. A full table is presented in appendix I.

Table 2 Children (under 18 years of age):

(This is a summary of table 2 in the appendix I)

Product type

Product name

Length (mm)

Width

(mm)

Height

(mm)

Turning

diameter (mm)

Walker

Buddy Roamer

3 & 4

900

800

_

_

Walker

Mustang sz 4 Blue

1100

700

_

_

Walker

Pegasus Trkrollator

755

660

725

Manual

wheelchair

Euro chair Avanti

Junior

880

560

_

_

Electric

wheelchair

A200 Skippi

850

570

_

1100

Table 3 Bariatric (BMI over 30):

(This is a summary of table3 in the appendix I)

Product

type

Product name

Length (mm)

Width

(mm)

Height

(mm)

Turning

diameter (mm)

Walker

XXL-Rehab

Rollator

845

710

1300

_

Manual wheelchair

Azalea Max

1120

910

1240

_

Electric

wheelchair

PUMA 40

Front-W-Drive

1190

655

_

600

Scooter

Lindebjerg

LM 600

1550

760

_

1500

Note 1: All sizes are according to suppliers information, but minor changes are made on some of them to be consistent (for example radius to diameter or inch to millimeter etc.)

Note 2: Full tables are presented in the appendix I.

Note 3: Three devices used in this research to calculate the maximum dimension of a hypothetical device (Out of devices which are summarized in table 1) are shown in Appendix II, Figure i, Figure ii and Figure iii.

3.2 The worlds current wheeled mobility aid devices

In this table, dimensions of some of the current mobility aid devices in the world are presented.

Table 4 The worlds current mobility aid devices (Summary of table 4 in the appendix I)

Product type

Product name

Length

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Height

(mm)

Turning

diameter (mm)

Wheeled walker

Drive Deluxe

3-Wheels

965

635

610

_

Wheeled walker

Excel Translator

_

686

914

_

Manual wheelchair

Karman Ergo Flight

965

457

914

_

Manual wheelchair

Pro-basics Wide Seat Bariatric

_

813

_

_

Electric

wheelchair

Allure R HP6R

1170

620

1205

1320

Scooter

New 2012 Vita

S12X Monster

1651

812

2700

Scooter

EV Rider Royale 4

1575

914

1346

_

Neurologist wheelchair

Neurologist wheelchair

1000

480

1370

_

3.3 Maximum dimensions of mobility aid devices

The dimensions in the following tables are elicited from the results of Tables (1-4) and the reference books; and they are sorted by size (largest to smallest). This gives an overview of the dimension of the current mobility aids in the most valid references (links, books) and on the market.

3.3.1 Length:

Source

Maximum

Type

Human scale 8b Public Space

1830 mm

Manual wheelchair + user + helper

SBi Guidelines 222

1750 mm

Comfort-wheelchair + user + helper

Table 4

1651 mm

Scooter

SBi Guidelines 222

1500 mm

Electric scooter + user

Table 1

1390 mm

Scooter

SBi Guidelines 222

1300 mm

Electric wheelchair + user

Table 2

1190 mm

Electric wheelchair

Building Access Handbook 2007

1105 mm

Manual wheelchair

SBi Guidelines 222

1000 mm

Walker + user

3.3.2 Width:

Source Maximum Type

Table 4

914 mm

Scooter

Table 1

820 mm

Wheelchair

Table 1

770 mm

Manual wheelchair

Human scale 8b Public Space

760 mm

Manual wheelchair + user + helper

SBi Guidelines 222

750 mm


SBi Guidelines 222

700 mm


SBi Guidelines 222

700 mm

Scooter

Building Access Handbook 2007

700 mm

Manual wheelchair

SBi Guidelines 222

600 mm

Walker

3.3.3 Occupied (Required) Turning Area:

Source

Maximum

Type

SBi Guidelines 222

2250x2250 mm

Scooter

SBi Guidelines 222

1850x1850 mm


SBi Guidelines 222

1750x1750 mm


SBi Guidelines 222

1300x1300 mm

Walker

3.4 Maximum dimensions of new mobility aid devices presented as one device (hypothetical)

A building with public access should be able to embrace a wide range of mobility aids. This includes outdoor devices to be used inside the building. The following suggestions can be used in public areas in private buildings and also in private homes.

Note: The mentioned results in Section 3.4 are based on the results of tables and reference books.

3.4.1 Maximum dimensions of hypothetical new mobility aid device

Various mobility aids have different dimensions; some are longer and some are wider. In order to find the maximum dimensions of mobility aids that are currently in use, the maximum length and width of the mobility aids are derived from the results presented in Tables (1-4) and the reference books and combined in one device. This helps us finding the dimension of a device that has the maximum width and length.

To fulfill this purpose, the length of the scooter Mini Crosser Nordic (that has the maximum length) and the width of the electric wheelchair Invacare Mirage (that has the maximum width) are considered*. (Table 1)

This combination helps to assume a device that has maximum dimensions, both in length and width (the longest and widest possible) scale to be used in recommendation for buildings with public access.

Both dimensions are from the devices already in use on the Danish market right now. The maximum driven dimension is 1390 mm x 820 mm (length x width). (Fig. 1)

* These examples are considered to have the standard level which covers more mobility aids in a building giving the user the chance of not needing to change the device to enter a building or to use buildings facilities.

3.4.2 Maximum dimensions of new mobility aid device including user

To establish the maximum width of the wheelchair plus the user, two different cases for manual wheelchair and electric wheelchair are considered:

For the manual wheelchair, the best way of calculating the maximum width is to add twice the size of the fist (127 mm each side) to the maximum size of the manual wheelchair the maximum width of the manual wheelchair is 770 mm based on Rea Azalea size. Therefore, the maximum width plus two times the size of users fist for the manual wheelchair is 1024 mm.

To calculate maximum width for the electric wheelchair plus user, two times a part of the users elbow is added to electric wheelchair width as shown in Fig. 2. Adding twice the part of users elbow (2 x 119 mm)* to the maximum width of electric wheelchair (820 mm based on Invacare Mirage) results in a maximum width of 1058 mm.

Since the maximum width is the width of the electric wheelchair plus user, an approx. of 1100 mm is considered which is assumed to be the maximum width of wheelchairs including user (plus a margin) in this research.

For the maximum length, the maximum length of Mini Crosser Nordic 4-W scooter (1390 mm) is considered. (Fig. 2)

3.4.3 Maximum dimensions of new mobility aid device including user and helper

To find the maximum length of wheelchair plus the helper, the manual wheelchair must be considered since in the other types, there is no helper. By referring to Azalea Max, the maximum length of the manual wheelchair is 1100 millimeters. For the total length of the wheelchair plus the helper, this maximum length must be added to the 95 percentile size of a man (which is the maximum size of a normal human) for the helper that is 664 millimeters. Therefore, maximum length of the mobility aid including both user and helper is 1100+664= 1764 millimeters. (Fig. 3)

4. Building (From outside to inside):

In this part, the path of a person with mobility impairment -from car parking, entering the building, using the facilities of the building and exiting out (normally or in case of emergency)- is considered.

The focus of this report is on buildings with public access, but there are some suggestions that can be used in private homes as well.

Topics which are not relevant to this study are mentioned and are not further investigated. They can be subjects for future studies.

-Parking.

-Access to and in the building (Changing levels vertically):

(Ramps, lifts, elevators)

-Access in the building (Moving horizontally):

(Doors, corridors and lobbies)

-Access to all building facilities

(Toilettes, ATMs, switches and controls)

-Emergency situation (Fire, medical emergencies and etc.)

Note: Results of the current research are added to the tables containing current norms/standards to make it possible to compare current standards to what is suggested based on this research. All dimensions in the tables are sorted by size.

4.1 Parking

Enough space should be available to let a disabled motorist or passenger to open the car door completely, to get in or out of the vehicle, and to maneuver around vehicles that are parked perpendicular to the carriageway.

Covered parking places like garages have different standards in comparison with off-street open parking lots.

The calculations and logic behind the new suggestions for parking space dimensions (based on the investigations in the current research) are presented in sub-section 4.1.1.

The derived numbers of the new suggestions are also presented in tables in sub-section 4.1.2. In addition to these new suggestions, the current standard and building regulations are presented in the same tables to make it possible to compare them with the new suggested dimensions.

4.1.1 Calculation of dimensions of off-street parking; based on new mobility aid device dimension

The formula which is used to calculate the size of the accessible parking space in current standards is to add the size of mobility aid to the minimum size of a standard parking space.

Three different scenarios are considered to calculate the width of an accessible parking space:

Two people with mobility impairment in a van with a lift or ramp:

To find the required parking space for vans (typical van length of 6000 mm), the free space of 1500 mm (for the lift) on the back side of the van is added to its length.

In addition to that, an extra free length of 1400 mm (length of mobility device) on the back is suggested to have the best access to the van. Therefore the total suggested length is 8900 mm. (Fig. 4 A)

When the lift or ramp is on the side of the van, the total width is the width of a typical van (2100 mm) plus the width of a wheelchair (1100 mm) for the side without lift or ramp, plus the space of 1500mm for the lift or ramp and the length of mobility aid device (1400 mm) for the side with lift or ramp. Therefore total width of 6100 mm must be considered for the parking space in this case. (Fig. 4 A)

Two people with mobility impairment in a car

(The driver and one of the passengers):

In this scenario, the total width is the width of one parking space (2400 mm) plus two times the width of wheelchair (2 x 1100 mm). Therefore the width of 4600 mm must be considered for the parking space in this case. (Fig. 4 B)

Length of the parking is calculated by adding the length of a normal parking space (4800 mm) to the free space of 1400 (1390) mm on the back side of the car. Therefore, the suggested length for an accessible parking is 6200 mm. (Figs. 4 B & C)

One person with mobility impairment in a car:

The total parking space width is 3500 mm in this scenario. This dimension is calculated by adding the size of typical parking space (2400 mm that can fitted to most car types) to the width of the mobility aid plus some margin on one side (1100 mm). (Fig. 4 C)

4.1.2 Comparison of new suggestions for parking space dimension with current standards

4.1.2.1 Off-street parking

4.1.2.1.1 Width:

If just a driver or a passenger has mobility impairment, the minimum width of a normal parking space should be added to the free space for a wheeled mobility device in one side.

Source Minimum Info.

ISO 2011

3900 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

3600 mm

2400 mm + 1 x1200 mm

(Free space of 1200 mm one Side)

New suggestion (Fig .4 C)

3500 mm

BR 10 2.6.2, stk. 3

3500 mm

Quality standard C

-If both driver and passenger are disables, the minimum width of a normal parking space should be added to the free space for a wheeled mobility device in each side.


BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

4800 mm

2400 mm + 2 x1200 mm

(Free space of 1200 mm one side)

New suggestion (Fig. 4 B)

4600 mm

-Vans with lift for wheelchair:


New suggestion (Fig. 4 A)

6100 mm

ISO 2011

4800 mm

2400 mm + 2x1200 mm

BR 10 2.6.2, stk. 3

4500 mm

Quality standard C

-Vans, when there is a ramp for a wheelchair: minimum width of a normal parking space should be added to the free space for the wheeled mobility device in each side plus the ramps width.


ISO 2011

3900 mm

2400 mm + 1500 mm

4.1.2.1.2 Length:

Minimum length of a normal parking space should be added to the free space for wheeled mobility device at the back of the car.


New suggestion

6200 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

6000 mm

4800 mm + 1200 mm ( Free Space of 1200 mm Back Side of the Car)

ISO 2011

5400 mm

BR 10 2.6.2, stk. 3

5000 mm

Quality Standard C

-Vans with Lift for Wheelchair:


ISO 2011

9000 mm

New suggestion

8900 mm

BR 10 2.6.2, stk. 3

8000 mm

Quality Standard C

4.1.2.2Garage/Carport

4.1.2.2.1 Width:

-If just driver or a passenger has mobility impairment:


BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

4200 mm

Full width door opening

-If both driver and passenger have mobility impairment:


BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

4950 mm

(4200+750)

4.1.2.2.2 Length:

Source Minimum

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

5700 mm

4.1.2.2.3 Height:

Source Minimum

BR 10 2.6.2, stk. 3

2600 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

2600 mm

ISO 2011

2400 mm

4.1.2.2.4 Garage door:

Two additional standards are mentioned in BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010 for garage doors:

1-It should be a full-width door opening.

2-It should open with a remote control.

4.1.2.3 Parking meters, controls and ticket dispensers

When the person with disability is the driver and uses a paying machine when she/he is sitting in the car, the dimensions of the paying machine is the same as for people without disability.

The dimensions mentioned in the tables below, are valid for paying machines used by a person with a disability when she/he is out of the car.

4.1.2.3.1 Height of controls and slots above the ground:

Source Minimum - Maximum Info.

BR 10 3.2.1 stk. 2

900 - 1200 mm

Quality Standard C

The measure of man and woman

865 - 1220 mm

ISO 2011

800 - 1100 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

750 - 1200 mm

4.1.2.3.2 Width:

-Minimum distance to walls from each side of the machine


BR 10 3.2.1 stk. 2

500 mm

Quality Standard C

4.1.2.3.3 Maneuvering area - Clear space to approach:

Source Width x Length Info.

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1850 x 2100 mm

BR 10 3.2.1 stk. 2

1300 x 1300 mm

Quality Standard C

Conclusion for parking dimensions:

Off-street parking:

Width: The suggested width for off-street parking when just driver or a passenger has mobility impairment (3500 mm) (Fig. 4 C) fits well with the current Danish standards and regulations but it is less than ISO 2011 and British standards. This conclusion is also valid for the case when both driver and passenger have disability (4600 mm) (Fig. 4 B). For vans with lift for wheelchair, the width in current regulation (ISO 2011) is 1300 mm less and BR10 (2.6.2, stk.3) is 1600 mm less than the suggested width in this research (6100 mm).

For vans with a ramp beside, the suggested width in ISO 2011 is 3900 mm and there is no suggestion in BR10.

Length: The British standards suggested length is 200 mm less than the suggested length in the current research (6200 mm). ISO 2011 is 800 mm less than the new suggested length and BR 10 2.6.2, stk. 3 is 1200 mm less than that.

For the Vans with Lift for a Wheelchair, ISO 2011 is 100 mm longer and BR10 is 900 mm less than the suggested length in this research (8900 mm).

4.2 Access to the building (vertical) 4.2.1 Stairs

Focus of this study is on wheeled mobility aid devises. Staircases can just be used by special wheeled mobility aids that are designed for emergency situations. In those situations, most lifts and elevators are not allowed to be used*.

Thus further details regarding stairs (dimension, width, going, rise, tactile attention pattern surface and handrails) are not mentioned in this report.

* Except those designed for these situations (See section 4.6).

4.2.2 Ramps

Proposing new angle for ramps -based on the new mobility aids devices- requires thorough simulation of ramps in different user scenarios and situations. Therefore, no new dimensions are proposed for ramps in current research since it was not possible to do simulations.

The calculation of the width of the ramp is the same as for corridors (Fig. 6)

4.2.3 Lifts, elevators

The detailed calculations for the lifts, elevators are presented in sub-section 4.2.3.1. Based on the calculations, the new suggested dimensions for the maneuvering space in front of cabin door and lift cars are presented in tables in sub-sections 4.2.3.2 and 4.2.3.3 and is compared with the current benchmark literature and building regulation.

4.2.3.1 Calculation of dimensions of lift car based on new mobility aid device dimensions:

Four scenarios are considered for the wheelchairs in the lift car:

When there are two mobility aids in the lift car:

In this case, the minimum width is 2200 mm (twice 1100 mm for one wheeled mobility device). The length is 1800 mm as stated before (Fig.5 A).

When there are a mobility aid, user and helper and some other passengers standing in a row beside the wheelchair:

In this case, the minimum width is increased to 1500 mm which is 1100 mm plus 400 mm for the shoulder of the other people standing beside the wheelchair (Note: 390 mm 400 mm is the shoulder size of a strong man from human scale 4a). The length is 1800 mm as stated before (Fig.5 B).

When there are a user (on wheelchair) and a helper (standing behind the wheelchair) in the lift car:

In this case, the manual wheelchair is assumed. The minimum length is increased to 1800 mm here (which is 1764 mm taken from previous calculation in Fig.3 plus a margin to fit it to the existing lift car dimensions). The width is the same as the first scenario (1100 mm). (Fig.5 C)

When there are one mobility aid device and a user in the lift car:

In the first case where there is only a user sitting on a wheelchair in the lift car, the minimum width of the lift car should be 1100 mm and the minimum length should be 1500 mm (which is 1390 mm for the minimum length of a scooter -referred to Mini crosser Nordic 4-wheels- plus a margin in order to match it to the existing size of the lift cars). (Fig.5 D)

Note: Different standard levels cover different mobility aids in different buildings. Higher standard levels are also suggested to give the user the chance that he/she does not need to change the device in order to enter a building or to use buildings facilities.

4.2.3.2 Maneuvering space In front of cabin door:

Source Width x Length

New suggestion in front of (Fig.5 A & B)

2100 x 2100 mm

New suggestion in front of (Fig.5 C & D)

1750 x 1750 mm


1525 x 1525 mm

SBi Guidelines 230

1500 x 1500 mm

ISO 2011

1500 x 1500 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1500 x 1500 mm

Note: Where there are descending steps in front of the lift door, there should be a clearance of at least 200 mm to the door.

4.2.3.3 Lift car:

4.2.3.3.1 Width:

Source Minimum

New suggestion (Fig.5 A)

2200 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

2000 mm

Mobility aid + User + Several other Passengers

SBi Guidelines 230

1850 mm

Class A

New suggestion (Fig.5 B)

1500 mm


1290 mm

ISO 2011

1200 mm

Class III

New suggestion type (Fig.5 C & D)

1100 mm

SBi Guidelines 230

1100 mm

Class B

BR10 3.2.2, stk. 6

1100 mm

Class C

ISO 2011

1100 mm

Class I

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1100 mm

Mobility aid + User + Helper

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1000 mm

Mobility aid + User

4.2.3.3.2 Depth/Length:

Source Minimum

SBi Guidelines 230

2400 mm

Class A

ISO 2011

2300 mm

Class III

New suggestion (Fig.5 A, B & C)

1800 mm

SBi Guidelines 230

1700 mm

Class B

New suggestion (Fig.5 D)

1500 mm

BR10 3.2.2, stk. 6

1400 mm

Class C

ISO 2011

1400 mm

Class I

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1400 mm


1290 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1250 mm

Mobility aid + User

4.2.3.3.3 Door Width:


New suggestion (Fig.5 A)

1800 mm

If full door opening: 2200 mm

New suggestion (Fig.5 B)

1500 mm

SBi Guidelines 230

1500 mm

Class A

New suggestion (Fig.5 C & D)

1100 mm

ISO 2011

1100 mm

Class III


915 mm

SBi Guidelines 230

900 mm

Class B

ISO 2011

900 mm

Class I

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

900 mm

Public

SBi Guidelines 230

800 mm

Class C

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

800 mm

Private

Note: In one door elevators, a mirror is necessary for wheelchair-users to enter and exit and see what is behind her/him.

Conclusion on access to the building dimensions (vertical):

Lifts, elevators:

Maneuvering space in front of cabin door: The suggested maneuvering space in front of cabin door in the current benchmark literatures and building regulations is smaller than the suggested maneuvering space in this research (2100 x 2100 mm) and (1750 x 1750).

Lift car:

Width: The suggested width in the current research is wider than the width presented in the current building regulations and benchmark literatures.

2200 mm (Fig. 5 A), 1500 mm (Fig. 5 B) and 1100 mm (Figs. 5 C & D)

Depth/Length: For the case when there are two devices in the lift car, the length presented in SBi Guidelines 230 type A is longer than the suggested width in the current research. For the other cases, the length presented in this research is longer than BR 10 and SBi Guidelines 230.

1800 mm (Figs. 5 A & B & C) and 1500 mm (Fig. 5 D)

Door width: The suggested door width in the current research is wider than the width presented in the current building regulations and benchmark literatures.

1800 mm (Fig. 5 A), 1500 mm (Fig. 5 B) and 1100 mm (Fig. 5 C & D)

4.3 Entrance

All the dimensions which presented in the following chapter are collected from a comparison of suggested sizes in different guidelines and standards.

Just minimum and maximum suggested dimensions are mentioned here.

4.3.1 Doors

4.3.1.1 Door width

Minimum suggested wide of an accessible door opening for people with mobility impairment using different types of mobility aids is:


New Suggestion

1100 mm

M12

SBi Guidelines 230

1070-1370 mm

Quality Level A

SBi Guidelines 222

1070-1370 mm

Quality Level A

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1000 mm

External doors and internal lobby doors


915 mm

U.S. Standards book

914 mm

SBi Guidelines 230

870 mm

Quality Level B

SBi Guidelines 222

870 mm

Quality Level B

ISO 2011

850 mm

Straight-on doors

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

825 mm

Right angel doors

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

800 mm

Straight-on doors

BR 10 3.2.1 stk. 4

770 mm

Quality Level C

SBi Guidelines 222

770 mm

Quality Level C

Note: An important option that affects the size of the door is the wall standards.

The standards limit the size of hole in the wall for door and door frame.

M9 900 mm width for the hole in the wall so when the frame size is subtracted from that, it will be 740 to 770 mm for door width.

M10 1000 mm width for the hole in the wall that approximately is equivalent to 840-870 mm for door width.

With respect to the maximum width of the new mobility aid device presented in the current research, the required hole in the wall for the placement of the door should be wider than the existing standards. From the existing standard size of the hole in the wall, the standard dimension gives us the possibility to install the desired door and have the required free space for the new mobility aid device is M12. This standard provides a hole of 1200 mm in the wall and the possibility to install a door with width of 1050 mm to 1100 mm.

4.3.2 Corridors and Lobbies

The detailed calculations for the dimensions for corridors and lobbies are presented in sub-section 4.3.2.1. Based on the calculations, the new suggested dimensions for the corridors and lobbies are presented in tables in sub-sections 4.3.2.2 and 4.3.2.3 and are compared with the current benchmark literature and building regulation.

4.3.2.1 Calculation of dimensions of corridors based on new mobility aid device dimensions:

Three different scenarios are defined for the mobility aids in the corridors:

When the corridor has two-way traffic and there are two devices standing besides or passing each other:

In this case, the minimum width of the corridor should be twice the maximum size of the wheeled mobility aid devices which is:

2 x 1100 mm 2200 mm. (Fig. 6 A)

When a wheelchair and a person are side by side:

It is a two-way traffic when mobility aid device/devices is/are in one direction and (an) average size person/people in the other direction.

For calculating a normal corridor width, the maximum width of the mobility aid device should be added to the shoulder size of the other person in the corridor.

In this case, the minimum width of the corridor is increased to 1500 mm which is 1100 mm (for the wheelchair) + 400 mm (for shoulder size)

Note: 390 mm 400 mm is the shoulder size of a strong man (human scale 4a). (Fig. 6 B)

When the corridor is one way:

In this case the minimum required width is the same as the maximum width of the mobility aid device which is 1100mm. (Fig. 6 C)

Short length corridors with few passengers can use one way (it means one person at a time can pass the corridor).

Different standard levels cover different mobility aid devices in different buildings. Higher standard levels are also suggested to give the user the chance that he/she does not need to change the device to enter a building or to use buildings facilities.

4.3.2.2 Comparison of Current Dimensions and New Suggested dimensions for Corridors:

4.3.2.2.1 Width


New suggestion (Fig. 6 A)

2200 mm

Two-way traffic

SBi Guidelines 230

1800 mm

Quality Standard A

SBi Guidelines 222

1800 mm

Quality Standard A

ISO 2011

1800 mm

Constant two-way traffic

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1800 mm

Two-way traffic

Human Scale (8b)-Public Space

1630 mm

Two-way traffic


1525 mm

Two-way traffic

New suggestion (Fig. 6 B)

1500 mm

Two-way traffic

SBi Guidelines 230

1500 mm

Quality Standard B

SBi Guidelines 222

1500 mm

Quality Standard B

ISO 2011

1500 mm

Frequent two-way traffic

SBi Guidelines 230

1300 mm

Quality Standard C

ISO 2011

1200 mm

Infrequent two-way traffic

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1200 mm

One-way traffic

New suggestion (Fig. 6 C)

1100 mm

One-way traffic

SBi Guidelines 222

1000 mm

Quality Standard C


915 mm

One-way traffic

Human Scale (8b)-Public Space

910 mm

One-way traffic

4.3.2.3 Calculation of dimensions of lobbies based on new mobility aid device dimensions:

Three different scenarios are defined for the mobility aids in lobbies with single-leaf single-swing door:

When both doors open inward:

In this case, the minimum required length is the maximum length of the mobility aid device (1400mm) plus a margin (100 mm) added to twice minimum suggested door size (1100 mm). It is in total a minimum of 3700 mm. (Fig. 6-1 A)

When one of the doors open inward:

In this case, the minimum required length is the maximum length of the mobility aid device (1400mm) plus a margin (100 mm) added to the minimum suggested door size (1100 mm). It is in total a minimum of 2600 mm. (Fig. 6-1 B)

When both doors open outward:

In this case the minimum required length is the same as the maximum length of the mobility aid device (1400mm) plus a margin of 100 mm. It is in total a minimum of 1500 mm. (Fig. 6-1 C)

4.3.2.4 Comparison of current dimensions and new suggested dimensions for lobbies:

4.3.2.4.1 Length


New suggestion (Fig. 6-1 A)

3700 mm

Two-door lobby

ISO 2011

3200 mm*

Two-door lobby

New suggestion (Fig. 6-1 B)

2600 mm

One-door lobby

ISO 2011

2350 mm**

One-door lobby

New suggestion (Fig. 6-1 C)

1500 mm

Outward opening door

ISO 2011

1500 mm


* 1500 mm + (2xDoor width) = 1500+1700 ** 1500 mm + Door width (850 mm)

4.3.3 Maneuvering space (180 around the axel):

4.3.3.1 Dimension of turning area:

Source Width x Length Info.

Human Scale (8b)-Public space

2130 x 2130 mm

New suggestion

2100 x 2100 mm

Wheelchair + user + helper

Scooter + user

New suggestion

1750 x 1750 mm

Wheelchair + user

ISO 2011

1600 x 2150 mm

In a corridor

ISO 2011

1500 x 2000 mm


BR 10 3.2.1 stk. 2

1500 x 1700 mm


BR 10 3.2.1 stk. 2

1500 x 1500 mm

Inward opening door

SBi Guidelines 222

1500 x 1500 mm

ISO 2011

1500 x 1500 mm

Between doors of a lobby

Conclusions for Entrance Dimensions:

Doors:

Door width: The new door width suggested in the current research (1100 mm) is according to M12 which is wider than the suggested door width in other benchmark literatures and building regulations.

Corridors:

Width: The new suggested widths for the corridor based on this study (2200 mm and 1500 mm) are wider than the proposed width (for the same type) in existing building regulations and benchmark literatures.

Lobbies:

Length: The new suggested length for both one-door and two-door lobbies with single-leaf single-swing doors (1500 mm, 2600 mm & 3700 mm) are longer than current standards.

Maneuvering space:

Dimension of turning area: The suggested dimension of turning area in other benchmark litterateurs and building regulations are smaller than the new suggested area in this study (2100 x 2100 mm & 1750 x 1750 mm) except Human scale (8b)-Public space.

4.4 Dimensions of maneuvering area; based on new mobility aid device dimensions:

Since there was not any possibility for practical simulations, the simulations are done in AutoCAD* .The center of maneuvering space is considered to be the center of the mobility aid device in simulations.

Simulations show that:

Minimum maneuvering space is 2100 x 2100 millimeter for a scooter with user as well as a wheelchair with user and helper.

Minimum maneuvering space for electric wheelchair with user is 1750 x 1750 millimeter. That also covers manual wheelchair including user.

*AutoCAD is a software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting.

4.5 Access to Buildings Facilities4.5.1 Toilettes

The detailed calculations for the dimensions of the toilettes based on new mobility aid device dimensions are presented in sub-section 4.5.1.1. Based on the calculations, the new suggested dimensions for the Toilettes are presented in tables in sub-sections 4.3.2.2 and 4.3.2.3 and are compared with the current benchmark literature and building regulation. The dimension of toilet room is dependent on the size of equipment (washbasin, toilet seat) plus the minimum suggested maneuvering space between them, but there is a minimum size suggestion for the room by considering the size of the usual WC equipment plus minimum maneuvering area.

4.5.1.1 Dimensions of toilettes; based on new mobility aid device dimensions:

Two different scenarios are defined for the mobility aid devices in toilettes:

When the mobility aid device is a scooter or a manual wheelchair with user and helper, the minimum required maneuvering area is 2100mm x 2100 mm and in that case, the minimum suggested dimension for toilet room is 2700 mm x 2900 mm (Figs. 7A & 7B).

The suggested distance between the door and the side wall is 550 mm.

A free space with min.1100 mm width is suggested between toilet seat and the side wall to place the mobility aid device beside the toilet seat.

For calculating a typical accessible WC size, the suggested minimum maneuvering space for electric wheelchair with user (1750 mm x 1750 mm) used as the base size and is added to the current standards for WC equipment. In this case, the minimum suggested dimension for toilet room is 2350 mm x 2650 mm (Fig. 7 C).

The suggested distance between the door and the side wall is 375 mm.

A free space with min.1100 mm width is suggested between toilet seat and the side wall to place the mobility aid device beside the toilet seat.

Note: Different standard levels cover different mobility aid devices in different buildings. Higher standard levels are recommended to give the user the chance that using the same mobility aid outside and inside of a building or to use the buildings facilities.

4.5.1.2 Dimension of toilet room:

There are not exact suggested dimensions for toilet room in the Danish Building Regulations. The important sizes are: The maneuvering space, The distance between toilet seat and washbasin and the free space next to toilet seat and the wall that matches with the device width.

However, it will be possible to have an approximate minimum dimension for a toilet room by adding the size of current standard WC equipment to the required maneuvering space. This can be considered as a suggestion for minimum dimensions of toilet room.

4.5.1.2.1 Length:


New suggestion (Figs. 7 A & 7 B)

2900 mm

New suggestion (Fig. 7 C)

2650 mm


2439 mm

SBi Guidelines 230

2400 mm

SBi Guidelines 222

2400 mm

ISO 2011

2300 mm

BR10 ( An approximate size)

2300 mm

Office & administration buildings

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

2200 mm

4.5.1.2.2 Width:


New suggestion Figs.7 A & B

2700 mm

An approximate minimum suggestion

New suggestion Fig.7 C

2350 mm

An approximate minimum suggestion

SBi Guidelines 222

2200 mm

An approximate size

ISO 2011

2200 mm

BR10 (An approximate size)

2100 mm


BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

2000 mm

4.5.1.2.3 Maneuvering Space:


New suggestion Fig. 7 A & 7 B

2100 x 2100 mm

Approximate minimum suggestion

SBi Guidelines 222

2000 x 2000 mm

Quality Level A (electric wheelchair)

An approximate size

New suggestion Fig .7 C

1750 x 1750 mm

Approximate minimum suggestion

SBi Guidelines 222

1700 x 1700 mm

Quality Level B

An approximate size


1525 mm Diameter

BR 10 3.4.4. stk. 4

1500 x 1500 mm

Office & Administration Buildings

An approximate size

SBi Guidelines 230

1500 mm Diameter

An approximate size

SBi Guidelines 222

1500 x 1500 mm

Quality Level C

An approximate size

ISO 2011

1500 x 1500 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

1500 x 1500 mm

4.5.1.2.4 Door Width:


New suggestion

1100 mm


915 mm

SBi Guidelines 222

870 mm

ISO 2011

850 mm

BR 10 3.4.4. stk. 4

770 mm


SBi Guidelines 230

770 mm

4.5.1.2.5 Free Clearance beside the toilet seat:


ISO 2011

1200 mm

For lateral transfer and assistance

and powered wheelchairs

New suggestion

1100 mm

ISO 2011

1050 mm

Type C

ISO 2011

900 mm

Type A

SBi Guidelines 222

900 mm

BR 10 3.4.4. stk. 4

900 mm


SBi Guidelines 230

900 mm

4.5.1.3 Dimensions of WC facilities:

All the dimensions presented in the following sections are collected from different guidelines and standards.

They can be used for the calculation of other dimensions of toilet room.

4.5.1.3.1 Height of Toilet Seat:

Source Size , Info.

BR 10 3.4.4. stk. 4

480 mm


SBi Guidelines 230

480 mm

SBi Guidelines 222

480 mm

ISO 2011

400-480 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

480 mm

4.5.1.3.2 Height of Armrests:

Source Size Info.

BR 10 3.4.4. stk. 4

800 mm


SBi Guidelines 230

800 mm

SBi Guidelines 222

800 mm

ISO 2011

600 - 780 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

680 mm

4.5.1.3.3 Height of Washbasin:

Source Size Info.

BR 10 3.4.4. stk. 4

800 mm


SBi Guidelines 230

800 mm

SBi Guidelines 222

800 mm

ISO 2011

750 - 850 mm

BS 8300:2009 + A1:2010

720 - 740 mm

4.5.1.3.4 Clear Space under the Washbasin:

Source Depth x Height

ISO 2011

200 x 650 mm

4.5.2 ATMs4.5.3 Switches and controls

New mobility aid devices can change all the regulations about accessibility and approaching the buildings facilities like ATMs and all switches and controls in the building.

Note: These topics could be subjects for further studies.

Conclusions for access to buildings facilities:

Toilettes:

Dimension of toilet room: Length and width: The suggested length/width of the current study based on the new mobility aids (2900/2700 mm in Figs. 7 A & 7 B and 2650/2350 mm in Fig. 7 C) are longer/wider than the length/width recommended by the other benchmark literature and building regulations.

Maneuvering Space: The approximate dimension of maneuvering space in the toilet room in the current benchmark literatures and building regulations is smaller than the suggested maneuvering space with same quality level in this research (1750 x 1750 mm and 2100 x 2100 mm in Figs. 7 A-C).

Door width: The suggested door width in the current study (1100 mm) is wider than the door width recommended by the other benchmark literature and building regulations.

The minimum free clearance beside the toilet seat: The suggested free space from the wall next to toilet seat in this report (1100 mm) is larger than the suggested size by SBi Guidelines 222, BR10 and SBi Guideline 230. The preferred size for lateral transfer and assistance and also for powered wheelchairs in ISO 2011 is 1200 mm which is larger than the suggestion in this report, but the minimum suggestion of ISO 2011 for both type A and C is smaller than the new suggestion of this research.

ATMs: This topic could be subjects for further studies.

4.6 Emergency situation:

In emergency situation such as fire, most of buildings facilities for disabled people (elevators, lifts, escalators etc.) are not useful any more. So the evacuation of a building requires a completely different solution.

Other emergency situations such as medical situations (like heart attack) also need their special solution.

Note: These topics could be subjects for further studies.

References:

Bgedal, G., Plambech, L., Sigbrand, L., Schmidt Pedersen, L., & Christensen, A. (2012). Pladskrav og indretning til svrt overvgtige personer - en vejledning. Denmark: Plambech & Bgedal; Odense Universitetshospital (OUH); Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut (SBi) - Aalborg Universitet; Nyborg Kommune; Socialstyrelsen.

Brandt ., & Jensen L. (eds) (2010). Grundbog om hjlpemidler: Til personer med funktionsnedsttelse. Kbenhavn: Hjlpemiddelinstituttet & Munksgaard.

British Columbia building code. (2007). The building access handbook: Building requirements forpersons disabilities. British Columbia: National Library of Canada.

British Standards Institution (BSI). (2009). Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people - Code of practice - BS 8300:2009+A1:2010. London: BSI Standards Publication.

Diffrient, N., Tilley, A. R., & Bardagjy, J. (1983). Humanscale 4/5/6. The MIT Press.

Hansen, Ernst Jan de Place, (ed.) (2012). Guidelines on Building Regulations 2010. (SBi Guidelines 230). Hrsholm: Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2011). Accessibility and usability of the built environment (ISO 2011): ISO/TC 59/SC 16/WG 1.

Peebles, L., & Norris, B., (1998). Adultdata: The handbook of adult anthropometric and strength measurements: Data for design safety. UK: Department of Trade and Industry.

Ribe Amts Hjlpemiddelcentral. (2001). Egnet byggeri for ldre og handicappede. Esbjerg: Grafik Service.

Sigbrand, L., & Jensen, P. H. (2008). Tilgngelige boliger. (SBi-guidelines 222). Hrsholm: Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut, Aalborg Universitet.

Tilley, A. R. (2002). The measure of man and woman: Human factors in design. New York, USA: Wiley.

Web References:

1.800 Wheelchair: http://www.1800wheelchair.com/

Assistive Technology Data -The National Board of Social Services: http://www.hmi-basen.dk/

Better Life Health Care: http://www.betterlifehealthcare.com/

BR 10 - Accessibility Checklist -Danish building research institute (SBi): http://www.sbi.dk/tilgaengelighed/tjeklister

HandiCare Shop: http://www.handicareshop.dk/

Heart Way: http://www.heartwayusa.com/

Invacare Shop: http://invacare-shop.dk/

Medema Danmark: http://www.medema.dk/

Netto Medical: http://www.nettomedical.dk/

Pegasus Mobility: http://www.pegasus-mobility.dk/

Preferred Health Choice: http://www.phc-online.com

Quirumed: http://www.quirumed.com

Appendix I

The first phase of this research started with a collection of information about new mobility aids which are in use in Danish market and global market right now. This information is presented in the Appendix I in 4 complete tables and a summary of these four tables are presented in the main part of this research.

The tables presented in the appendix I are including the suppliers of the products and the link to the suppliers or distributors webpage. These four tables are divided into Danish and global market with the subdivision of Adults, children and bariatric.

Table 1: Adults (Between 18 and 65 Years Old) in Danish Market:

Table 2 and Table3: Children (Under 18 Years Old) and Bariatric (BMI over 30) in Danish Market:

Table 4: Worlds Current Mobility Aids:

Appendix II

Three devices used in this research to calculate the maximum dimension of a hypothetical device (Out of devices which are summarized in table 1) are shown in the following Figure i, Figure ii and Figure iii.

Figure i. Rea Azalea MAX

Figure ii. Invacare Mirage

Figure iii. Mini Crosser Nordic 4 wheels

All the Figures of Mobility Aid Devices and the Built Environments in this research are designed with AutoCAD 2013 and Photoshop CS6 in 3-dimension (3D)

52

51

PRODUCT TypeSUPPLIERPRODUCT Name

LENGTH (

Millimeter)

WIDTH

(Millimeter)

HEIGHT

(Millimeter)

TURNING DIAMETER

(Millimeter)

PRODUCT

WEIGHT

(Kilogram)

WEIGHT

CAPACITY

(Kilogram)

MAX SPEED

(Km/h)

LINK to Product WEB-PAGE

WheelchairNettoMedicalTomtar Trans1020480+96013.6110

http://www.nettomedical.dk/pi/Tomtar_k%C3%B8restol_Trans_2829_123.aspx

EL-WheelchairInvacare A/SRea Azalea (All Models)1020820125034135http://invacare-shop.dk/shop/invacare-mirage-328p.html

WalkerM

edema Danmark AS

Malte Rollator str 4920800120013.8100http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=23157

WheelchairInvacare A/SRea Azalea1020770125034135http://invacare-shop.dk/shop/rea-azalea-413p.html

WheelchairInvacare A/SAzalea Base1070720140020135

http://invacare-shop.dk/images/pdf/AZALEA_FAMILY_SL_DK_dk_15052012.pdf

WheelchairNettoMedicalDietz Caneo_S103071092018.2130

http://www.nettomedical.dk/pi/Dietz_k%C3%B8restol_Caneo_S_2858_123.aspx

WheelchairNettoMedicalDietz Caneo_B bred110071090019.8140

http://www.nettomedical.dk/pi/Dietz_k%C3%B8restol_Caneo_B_bred_2828_123.aspx

WheelchairGlo

ria Mundi Care ApS

GT-3 Trekinetic 3W110069015.5115http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34549

ScooterSeniorshop ApSKarma 747, 4-Wheels124068072+13514http://www.seniorshop.dk/product/El-Scooter-1/Karma747

WheelchairZealand Care A/SQuickie Helix2109068015.3125http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=35336

EL-WheelchairInvacare A/SMirage1070680940721206http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=33167


EL-Wheelchair

Gloria Mundi Care ApS

Trekinetic GTE 1120670700341156http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34608

Scooter

Medema Danmark ASMini Crosser Nordic 3-Wheels

1360660254014015http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=19302

Scooter

Medema Danmark ASMini Crosser Nordic 4-Wheels


WheelchairSeniorshop ApSTransport Wheelchair110064017.3120http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=37807

Walker

Meyra Ortopedia Danmark

Fellow Parkinson8606309508.2150http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=37789

WalkerSeniorshop ApSRollator, Carl Gustav82563099010125http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=36433

WheelchairSeniorshop ApS

Transportkrestol, Letvgt

105063015.1120http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34387

ScooterInvacare A/SOrion, 3-Wheels127062510313612http://invacare-shop.dk/shop/invacare-orion-3-hjulet-202p.html

ScooterInvacare A/SOrion, 4-Wheels129062511013612http://invacare-shop.dk/images/pdf/ORION_SL_DK_dk_15052012.pdf

Scooter

Medema Danmark AS

Lite 3-Wheels1180620206013012http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=14695

WheelchairZealand Care A/SExcel G6100062014.9150http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=37791


EL-WheelchairHandicare A/SPUMA 20 Front-W-Drive116061060098.113610http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34326

EL-WheelchairHandicare A/SPUMA 20 Rear-W-Drive109561066598.113610http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34326

ScooterPegasus MobilitySolsorten125060070010915010http://www.pegasus-mobility.dk/scooter/solsorten.html

WalkerSeniorshop ApSRollator Impala6705959207.3120http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34726

Walker


Ideal Rollator57059097010.6130http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=22069

WalkerSeniorlandLets go out Walker6705909606.2125http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34755

Walker

Medema Danmark ASVolaris Rollator S7-series

70059010007.5140http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=36177

WalkerSeniorlandRoller 35805909204.5100http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=28108

ScooterInvacare A/SLeo 4-Wheels1220590831368http://invacare-shop.dk/shop/invacare-leo-4-hjulet-197p.html

WalkerSeniorshop ApSRollator7205859508140http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34374

EL-WheelchairWolturnus A/SADL Rex 350 A & B9705802000841406http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=33429

Walker


Mobilus6505709207.3150http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=33173

EL-WheelchairWolturnus A/S

ADL Rex 300 Distance Dalton L


WalkerSimpleCare ApSWalking frames51010002.6115http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=37781

Wheelchair


ZX1 - Kompakt ramme 77 g

8105109120http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=29321&art0=63741&nart=1

ScooterSeniorshop ApSKarma 24299050042+1157http://www.seniorshop.dk/product/El-Scooter-1/Karma-242

Wheelchair


ZX388050011150http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=37797

ScooterNettoMedicalLuggie 9504601920251136http://www.nettomedical.dk/pi/Luggie_Scooter_2812_235.aspx


LENGTH (

Millimeter)

WIDTH

(Millimeter)

HEIGHT

(Millimeter)

TURNING DIAMETER

(Millimeter)

PRODUCT

WEIGHT

(Kilogram)

WEIGHT

CAPACITY

(Kilogram)

MAX SPEED

(Km/h)


WalkerSeniorshop ApSRollator, Troja 15065061010007.4165http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34378

WalkerCOBI Rehab ApSXXL-Rehab Rollator845710130017200http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=24146

ScooterSeniorshop ApSKarma 848146069093+18015http://www.seniorshop.dk/product/El-Scooter-1/Karma-848

Scooter

Medema Danmark ASMini Crosser 3-Wheels


Scooter

Medema Danmark ASMini Crosser 4-Wheels


ScooterLindebjerg ApsLindebjerg LM-6001550760150014017014http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=21727

WheelchairZealand Care A/SBreezy Rubix294080015.1170http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=35411

WheelchairInvacare A/SAzalea Max1120910124054180http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=37788

EL-WheelchairGuldmann A/S (G2)Quickie Jive FWD1100640100015016010http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34903

EL-WheelchairGuldmann A/S (G2)Quickie Jive MWD1100640100015016010http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34903

EL-WheelchairGuldmann A/S (G2)Quickie Groove FW118064049515018213http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=16478

EL-WheelchairGuldmann A/S (G2)Quickie Groove MW118064049515020013http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=16478

EL-WheelchairGuldmann A/S (G2)Quickie Groove RW111064063515018213http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=16478

EL-WheelchairHandicare A/SPUMA 40 Front-W-Drive119065560011816010http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34371

EL-WheelchairHandicare A/SPUMA 40 Rear-W-Drive111565566511816010http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34371


LENGTH (

Millimeter)

WIDTH

(Millimeter)

HEIGHT

(Millimeter)

TURNING DIAMETER

(Millimeter)

PRODUCT

WEIGHT

(Kilogram)

WEIGHT

CAPACITY

(Kilogram)

MAX SPEED

(Km/h)


WalkerMeyland-Smith A/SBuddy Roamer 1&285067027.550http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=35590

WalkerMeyland-Smith A/SBuddy Roamer 3&490080030100http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=35590

WalkerCOBI Rehab ApSPegasus trkrollator 7556607256.260http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=21371

WalkerMeyland-Smith A/SMiniwalk7406501540http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=8197

WalkerCOBI Rehab ApSLille Bjrn Rollator6255756905.2100http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=21348

WalkerEtac A/SMustang sz 2 Yellow7505201030http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=30371

WalkerEtac A/SMustang sz 2 Blue9006301440http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=30371

WalkerEtac A/SMustang sz 3 Red10006501860http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=30371

WalkerEtac A/SMustang sz 4 Blue11007001980http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=30371

Wheelchair


Eurochair Avanti Junior8805601275http://www.hmi-basen.dk/r11x.asp?linkinfo=23000

WheelchairZealand Care A/SYoungster 36004608.585http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=37671




EL-WheelchairWolturnus A/SA200 Skippi850570110068506http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=34903

EL-WheelchairWolturnus A/SADL Rex Junior70041070032509http://www.hmi-basen.dk/en/r11x.asp?linkinfo=33429

PRODUCT TypePRODUCT Name

LENGTH

(

Millimeter)

WIDTH

(Millimeter)

HEIGHT

(Millimeter)

TURNING

DIAMETER

(Millimeter)

PRODUCT

WEIGHT

(Kilogram)

WEIGHT

CAPACITY

(Kilogram)

MAX SPEED

(Km/h)


Walker/RollatorExcel Translator6869148113

http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/3810/medline-excel-translator-transport-chair-rollator

Walker/RollatorTwo-in-One4579917.3113http://www.1800wheelchair.com/asp/view-product.asp?product_id=2732

Walker/RollatorDrive Deluxe 3-W9656356107.5136http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/5650/drive-deluxe-3-wheel-steel-rollator

Walker/Rollator

U-Step Walker 2635

5841577379170http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/960/u-step-walker

WheelchairSpring HW1J89058526100http://www.heartwayusa.com/products/manual-wheelchair/spring-hw1j

WheelchairKarman Ergo Flight9654579149100http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/5737/karman-ergo-flight-wheelchair

WheelchairProbasics Wide Seat Bariatric81325204http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/4901/probasics-pmi-bariatric-wheelchair

WheelchairTiLite ZRA Series 25120http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/5371/tiLite-zraseries2-wheelchair

El-WheelchairMaxx- P3DXRT9306001180100010716010http://www.heartwayusa.com/products/power-wheelchair/maxx-p3dxrt

El-WheelchairVision P131140635119015501051608http://www.heartwayusa.com/products/power-wheelchair/vision-p13

El-WheelchairFlyer P25J920620150075809http://www.heartwayusa.com/products/power-wheelchair/flyer-p25j

El-WheelchairAllure R HP6R1170620120513201011608http://www.heartwayusa.com/products/power-wheelchair/allure-r-hp6r

El-WheelchairInvacare Pronto M911067660+1016109212413610.5http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/1965/invacare-pronto-m91-power-wheelchair

ScooterPride Go-Go Elite Traveller 3-W927489165234+1256.8http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/1620/pride-go-go-elite-traveller-3-wheel-scooter

ScooterEV Rider Royale 41575914134617120413http://www.1800wheelchair.com/asp/view-product.asp?product_id=4703

ScooterPride Pursuit XL 4-W142969241922718113.3http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/5072/pride-pursuit-xl-4-wheel-scooter

ScooterDIAMOND1300640290016015012.5http://www.quirumed.com/en/Catalogo/articulo/51069

ScooterNew 2012 Vita S12X Monster1651812270014915912http://www.heartwayusa.com/products/power-scooters/vita-s12x-monster

ScooterVita S1214207001350256013516015http://www.heartwayusa.com/products/power-scooters/vita-s12

Neurologist wheelchairNeurologist wheelchair10004801370http://www.quirumed.com/en/Catalogo/articulo/42045

HandcycleInvacare Top End Force R731617.2113http://www.1800wheelchair.com/asp/view-product.asp?product_id=4191

Sports WheelchairQuickie Titanium9.8113http://www.1800wheelchair.com/product/5114/quickie-titanium-all-court-sports-wheelchair

Skabelon til udgivelser fra SBi -...

Documents

Transcript of Skabelon til udgivelser fra SBi -...