SP-502May 2002

Proceedings of the

SIXTH EUROPEAN SPACEPOWER CONFERENCE (ESPC)

6-10 May 2002Porto, Portugal

Organised byEuropean Space Agency

In cooperation withFaculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto (FEUP)

Universidade do Portor r i I f ) Faculdade deP t U r Engenharia

Cosponsored byEFACEC, Sistemas de Electronica SA

European Spate Agen<yAgente spatiale europeenne

CONTENTS

The Dermot O'Sullivan Plenary SessionChairpersons:

P. Perol (ESA/ESTEC)A. Capel (Alcatel Space Industries)

The CryoSat Power System 3H. Junginger, Astrium Aerospace, Germany

The Next-Generation of Space Cells for Diverse Environments 9S. Bailey & G. Landis, NASA Glenn Research Center, and R. Raffaelle, Rochester Instituteof Technology, U.S.A.

The RADARSAT-2 Power Control Unit 17L Croci, P. Delia Putta & B. Vavassori, Galileo Avionica, Italy

Ultracapacitors: A Power Buffer in Satellites 23Ph. Desprez, G. Barrailh, L. Moreau, B. Pichon & C. Jehoulet, SAFT, France

Converter Circuit Design TechniquesChairpersons:

A. Da Silva-Carvalho (FEUP)H. Declercq (Alcatel-Etca)

Multi-Junction Ga/As Solar Cell Capacitance and its Impact upon Solar Array.Regulators 29P. Rueda-Boldo & E. Fernandez-Lisbona, European Space Agency ESTEC, The Netherlands

Design and Integration of Photovoltaic Switching Conversion Chains 35B. Estibals, C. Alonso, T. Ricart, M.F. Shraif, H. Valderrama-Blavi, H. Camon & A. Martinez,LAAS du CNRS, France

A Nonlinear Characteristic Impedance Tracking Controller for the CCM-DCM Boost Converter 41D. Jeltsema, J.M.A. Scherpen & J.B. Klaassens, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

A New Control Concept for a Limit Cycle Switch: Application to Solar Array Bus 47Voltage RegulationR.S. Ekkundi, ISRO Satellite Centre, India

IV

A Catastrophic Failure Mode in Peak-Current-Controlled DC/DC Converters 53S.H. Weinberg, Eutelsat S.A., France

Input Filter Damping Design using Zero Dynamics Analysis 57J. Calvente, L.M. Salamero, P. Garces & A. Romero, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain

Planar Transformer a Size and Cost Effective Solution for Ruggedized Applications 63H. V. Heyer & H.G. Preissler, Kayser-Threde GmbH, Germany

DC/DC Converter and Controller DesignsChairpersons:

H. Junginger (Astrium Aerospace)H. Jensen (TERMA Elektroniks A/S)

Low Power DC/DC Converters 73E. Gasquet, I. Segura & P. Mingorance, CRISA-ASTRIUM, Spain, and F. Tonicello,European Space Agency ESTEC, The Netherlands

An Innovative Approach for Low Cost, Flexible Hybrid DC-DC Converter for Space Application 79G.F. Volpi, Laben SpA, Italy

High Performances Standard DC-DC Converters Modules 85L. Garraud, D. Barbier & A. Bretez, Alcatel Space Industries, France

Buck Quasi-Resonant ZVS Converter with Linear Feedback Control: A Comparison with 93Current-Mode ControlJ.M. Dores-Costa, INESC-ID, Portugal

Peak and Average Current Controls - Simulation Techniques and Comparison 99F. Tonicello, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

Study of a Generic Low Power DC/DC Converter 107S.K. Hansen, Terma Elektronik AS, Denmark

Power Controller for On-board Cryo Cooler 113G. Shivanna S. Girish & K. Sriramamurthy, I.S.R.O. Satellite Centre, India

Science Spacecraft ProgrammesChairpersons:

W. Denzinger (Astrium Aerospace)A. Polli (Galileo Avionica)

The MESSENGER Spacecraft Power System 121G. Dakermanji, J. Jenkins, P. Schwartz & L. Kennedy, The Johns Hopkins University, U.S.A.

Power System Design and Performance on the World's Most Advanced In-Orbit Nanosatellite 129C.S. Clark & K.W. Hall, Surrey Satellite Technology Limited. U.K.

A Universal Power System Architecture: One Topology for Earth and Planetary Orbits 135C.S. Clark, Surrey Satellite Technology Limited. U.K.

SOHO Power System Performance During 6 Years in Orbit 141P. Rumler, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands and H. Schweitzer, European SpaceAgency /GSFC, U.S.A.

Full Sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME) Electrical Power System 147W.E. Baker & J.C. Garner, US Naval Research Laboratory, U.S.A.

Microelectronic Space Power Supplies 153A.F. Hepp, S.G. Bailey & G.A. Landis, NASA Glenn Research Center and R.P. Raffaelle,Rochester Institute of Technology, U.S.A.

Orbital Infrastructure ProgrammesChairpersons:

R. Asplanato (Alcatel Space Industries)G. Dakermanji (The John Hopkins University)

Power Interface Characterisation Between the Russian Service Module and the ESA Automated 161Transfer VehicleA. Ciccolella & T. Blancquaert, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

COLUMBUS Power Architecture and Power Bus Stability 167H. Rempke & E. Noack, Astrium Aerospace, Germany

Power Conditioning and Distribution Unit for Automated Transfer Vehicle 175A. Polli, A. Antimiani & M. Magnifico, Galileo Avionica, Italy, C. Donadille, ASTRIUM SAS,France, P. Casiez, EADS Launch Vehicles, France, and T. Blancquart, European SpaceAgency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

Power System Design & Operational IssuesChairpersons:

R. Asplanato (Alcatel Space Industries)G. Dakermanji (The John Hopkins University)

Spacecraft Recovery! - Power System Design and Operation - Lessons Learnt 185J.E. Haines, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

Comparative Performance Evaluation between the S4R and the S3R Regulated Bus Topologies 193A. Capel, Alcatel Space Industries, France and P. Perol, European Space Agency/ESTEC,The Netherlands

Power System Simulators for Design and Operations: Two Different Approaches? 201A. De Luca & CD. Bodemann, VEGA IT GmbH, Germany, and U. Grasselli & L. Schirone,Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy

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Control Techniques & Magnetics DesignChairpersons:

J-P. Catani (CNES)F. Pedersen (Crisa-Astrium)

Fuzzy Control for Parallel Operation of Power Multi-Sources 209A.S. Carvalho & A.P. Martins, University of Porto, Portugal

High-frequency Microelectronic Controller for One-Cycle Control of Switching Power Converters 217E. Alarcon, G. Villar, H. Martinez, E. Vidal, & A. Poveda, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya,Spain

Computer Aids for the Design of Low Voltage Multioutput DC-DC Converters 223M. Ceresa, V. Chiaverini & L. Vucetich, Carlo Gavazzi Space SpA, and P.G. Maranesi, & M. Riva,Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy

Differential Current Sensor - New Construction 229J. Lastowiecki & P. Staszewski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Application of the Energetic Model of Ferromagnetic Hysteresis to Bidirectional DC-to-DC 235Converters with High Input to Output Voltage RatioF.A. Himmelstoss & H. Hauser, Technical University of Vienna and P.A. Wurm, OFPA GmbH.,Austria

Improved Geometry of Integrated Magnetics for the Hybridge Topology 241S. Petersen, Alcatel Danmark A/S, Denmark

Main Power Regulator DesignsChairpersons:

L. Croci (Galileo Avionica)L. Garraud (Alcatel Space Industires)

Power Conditioning Unit for Rosetta/Mars Express 249H. Jensen & J. Laursen, Terma Electronic A/S, Denmark

A New Maximum Power Point Tracker Topology 257S.H. Weinberg, Eutelsat S.A., France, andA.H. Weinberg, Weinberg Power Innovations Ltd., U.K.

Perturb and Observe Digital Maximum Power Point Tracker for Satellite Applications 263A. Brambilla, Politecnico di Milano, and M. Gambarara & G. Torrente,Galileo Avionica S.p.A, Italy

ROSETTA/MARS EXPRESS Power Control Unit - Lessons Learnt 269F. Tonicello, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands and H. Jensen & J. Laursen,TERMA A/S, Denmark

Bidirectional Converter for Space Applications 275F. Pedersen, CRISA-ASTRIUM, Spain

Comparative Study of High Power DC/DC Topologies for Space Power Systems 279E. Sanchis, E. Maset, J.B. Ejea & A. Ferreres, University of Valencia, J.A. Carrasco & A. Garrigos,Miguel Hernandez University, Spain and A. Capel, Alcatel Space Industries, France

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Low Power PCDU 285J-P. Castiaux & J.M.Labille, Alcatel-ETCA, Belgium and C. Elisabelar, CNES, France

Advanced Systems & SimulationChairpersons:

W. Baker (NRL)N. Limbourg (Alcatel-Etca)

Advanced Radioisotope Power System Technology Development for NASA Missions 2011 291and BeyondD. Rapp, S. Surampudi, B. Nesmith & J. Mondt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, U.S.A.

POWER-SYSTEMA: The Next Generation of Power Simulator 297D. Loche, Astrium SAS, France

Synthesis of the Saber ® Tools Developed for the Jason 1 EPS 305G. Picart & P. Tastet, CNES, France

Real-Time Simulation of a Satellite's Electrical Power System 313C. Hampe, A. Loffler & D. Reggio, Astrium Aerospace, Germany

A Dimensioning Method for the Netlander Martian Probes EPS 3195. Fredon, G. Picart & J.P. Loubeyre, CNES, France

Dynamic Performance Simulation of a Spacecraft Power System 327A. Capel, P. Chapoulie & S. Zimmermann, Alcatel Space Industries, France and E. Sanchis,Univerity of Valence, Spain

Dependability Validation Techniques for Electronic Systems 335A. Carvalho & P. Portugal, University of Porto, Portugal andJ. Carvalho, Campus de SantaApolonia, Portugal

Application Spacecraft ProgrammesChairpersons:

J. Bagnall (Astrium Ltd.)S. Weinberg (Eutelsat S.A.)

A Modular Power Control Unit Design for High Power Satellites from 8kw to 25kw 345W. Knorr, Astrium Aerospace GmbH, Germany

LEOSTAR Bus Distribution and Regulation Unit 353E. Lapena Padilla, J. Rancano, E. Gasquet & P. Mingorance, CRIS'A-ASTRIUM, Spain

Electric Power Supply System for OCEAN Satellite 359D.G. Belov, V.I. Dranovsky & I.T. Perekopsky, Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Ukraine

Modular High Power Conditioning Unit 363E. Lecomte, J.P. Castiaux & J.M. Labille, Alcatel ETCA, Belgium

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CBERS-1 Power Supply Subsystem and In-Orbit Performance 369B. Han, Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST), China

An Efficient Low Cost Modular Power System for Fully Regulated Bus in Low Earth Orbit 375ApplicationsP. Perol, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

The Electrical Power System of the Small Satellite CHAMP 383B. Kiewe, Astrium Aerospace, Germany

High Voltage & Motor DrivesChairperson:

M. Gambarara (Galileo Avionica)

Testing of High Voltage Parts of an Electronic Power Conditioner 391V. Scherb, Tesat Spacecom GmbH, Germany

A High Performance Rotary Actuator for Antenna Reconfiguration: the Experimental Results 397and the Mathematical Model for Accurate Torque EvaluationE. Santini, Rome University La Sapienza, and A. Meschini, Alenia Spazio SpA, Italy

Modular VME Based Space Motor Drivers and Control for External Environment Applications 403P. Bergamo, F. Capelli & G. Torrente, Galileo Avionica, Italy

Bus Protection ConceptsChairperson:

M. Gambarara (Galileo Avionica)

Overcurrent Protection Performance Evaluation 411U. Grasselli, & L Schirone, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy and A. De Luca,VEGA IT GmbH, Germany

Current Sources for the International Space Station (ISS) 417H.V. Heyer & H.G. Preissler, Kayser-Threde GmbH, and C. Miiller & M. Gottke, DresdenElektronik Ingenieurtechnik GmbH, Germany

Active Input Filter 425G. Simonelli & P. Perol, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

IX

Solar Array Design & TechnologyChairpersons:

S. Bailey (NASA-GRC)E. Bongers (Fokker Space)

PROBA Solar Array Photovoltaic Assembly: GaAs/Ge Single Junction Solar Cells 433with Integral DiodeG.D'Accolti, G. Beltrame, L. Brambilla & R. Contini, Galileo Avionica, Italy,L. Dayers & D. Vrancken, Verhaert, Belgium and L. Gerlach, European Space Agency/ESTEC,The Netherlands

MUSES-C Solar Array Electrical and Mechanical Design 439K. Takahashi, Y. Okada & H. Arai, NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems Ltd., and M. Tajima& K. Higuchi, ISAS, Japan

The Solar Array Photovoltaic Assembly for the ROSETTA Orbiter and Lander Spacecraft's 445G.D'Accolti, G. Beltrame, E. Ferrando, L. Brambilla, R. Contini & L. Vallini, Galileo Avionica,Italy, R. Mugnuolo, ASI, Italy, and C. Signorini, H. Fiebrich & A. Caon, European SpaceAgency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

The CellSaver Concentrator Solar Array System and Qualification Program 451B. Spence & M. Eskenazi, AEC-Able Engineering Co. Inc, USA

Design of Solar Array for ETS-VIH (Engineering Test Satellite VIII) 457Y. Nozaki & T. Yoshida, NEC Toshiba Corporation, M. Takahashi & S. Matsuda, NASDA,and T. Saga & T. Katsu, Sharp Corporation, Japan

Assessment of Local Non-Homogeneity in Solar Cell Assembly for Space Applications 463C. Costa Vaz, Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica andL.C. Moura Miranda, UniversidadeEstadual de Maringa, Brazil

Lithium Ion Development & ModellingChairpersons:

A. Slimm (AEA Technology Pic.)L.H. Thaller (The Aerospace Corporation)

Towards the Use of Lithium-ion Battery on LEO Applications 471D. Loche, Astrium SAS, France

Lithium-Ion Batteries for Space 477M. Slimm, R. Spurrett & C. Thwaite, AEA Technology Space, U.K., and D. Lizius, COM DEV,Canada

VES100 S Li-Ion Cell BOL Qualification 483J.P. Planchat & Y. Borthomieu, SAFT Space and Advanced Batteries, France

Mathematical Model for the Representation of the Electrical Behaviour of a Lithium Cell 489A. Capel, Alcatel Space Industries, France

Lithium Ion ManagementChairpersons:

A. Slimm (AEA Technology Pic)L.H. Thaller (The Aerospace Corporation)

A Lithium-Ion Battery Charger with Cell Balancing 497B. Kiewe & G. Langenecker, ASTRIUM GmbH, Germany

Maintaining Cell State of Charge Balance in Lithium Ion Batteries 501G.J. Dudley & D. Olsson, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands, and P. Brochard,SAFT, France

Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Balancing in LEO 507D. Loche & H. Barde, Astrium S.A.S., France

Photovoltaics Design & TechnologyChairpersons:

R. Campesato (CESI SpA.)M. Closs (Astrium Aerospace)

Development of Thin-Film-Cells for Space Applications 515G. Oomen, FOKKER Space B.V., The Netherlands

Thin film Photovoltaics for Critical Satellite Missions 521L. Schirone & U. Grasselli, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy, and A. De Luca,VEGA IT GmbH, Germany

Algorithms and Performance of a Space Dedicated Solar Array Modelling Tool 527E. van den Berg & M. Kroon, FOKKER Space B.V., The Netherlands

Solar Array Design for Thin-Film Solar Cells 533R. Zwanenburg, FOKKER Space B. V., The Netherlands

Advanced GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge Triple-Junction Space Solar Cells 539G. Strobl, J. Hilgarth, M. Nell, R. Dietrich, R. Kern & W. Kostler, Angewandte Solarenergie- ASE GmbH, F. Dimroth, U. Schubert & A. Bett, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems,G. LaRoche, ASTRIUM, Germany, R. Campesato, C. Flores & G. Timd, CESI S.p.A., Italy,and C. Signorini & K. Bogus, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

Small PV Generators Assembled Using Multichip Module Technology 545P. Ortega, GDS Escuela Universitaria Politecnica de Vilanova i la Geltru, S. Bermejo& L. Castaner, Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna, and E. Cabruja, CNM Centro Nacionalde Microelectonica, Spain

XI

Energy Storage Performances and Design TechniquesChairpersons:

G. Dudley (ESA/ESTEC)J-P. Planchat (SAFT Advanced Batteries)

Dealing with Capacity Loss Mechanisms in Nickel-Hydrogen Cells and Batteries 553L.H. Thaller, The Aerospace Corporation, U.S.A.

High Capacity Battery Cell By-pass Switches Surge/Short Circuit Current Testing Results 561E. Rudoy & Y. Dohan, NEA Electronics Inc., U.S.A., and J.P. Semerie & E. Pasquier, SAFT, France

Maximum Fast Charging Rates in Ni-Cd Batteries 565J.C. Viera Perez, M. Gonzalez, J.C. Campo & F.J. Ferrero, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain

Single Pressure Vessel High Voltage Nickel-Hydrogen Battery 571M.D. Bazhenov, V.V. Gromov, D.G. Kondratyev, V.I. Matrenin, G.S. Soloviev & I.V. Schipanov,Ural Electrochemical Integrated Plant (UEIP), Russia

Solar Cell & Array TestingChairpersons:

T. Gomez (Inta-Spasolab)G. Strobl (RWE Solutions)

Analysis for Multi-Junction Solar Cells Measurements at SPASOLAB 577A. Gras, L. Garcia-Cervantes, G. Martinez & J.M. Aguilar, INTA-SPASOLAB, Spain andE. Fernandez-Lisbona, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

LILT Qualification Test Results of Silicon 10LiTHI-ETAR3 Solar Cells 581C. Signorini, E. Fernandez & H. Fiebrich, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands,G. Strobl, Angewandte Solarenergie - ASE GmbH, Germany, G. D'Accolti, Galileo Avionica,Italy, and T. Gomez & L. Pazos, INTA-SPASOLAB, Spain

Hypervelocity Impact Testing of Stretched Lens Array Modules 585H.W. Brandhorst Jr., Auburn University, U.S.A, M.J. O'Neill, Entech Inc., U.S.A. andM. Eskenazi& M. Botke, ABLE Engineering, U.S.A.

Spectral Mismatch Calculation of the VLASS AMO Sun Simulator for the Measurement of TEC1 591GaInP2/GaAs/Ge Solar CellsE. van den Berg & D. Slootweg, FOKKER Space B.V., The Netherlands

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Solar Generator Testing & Environmental InteractionsChairpersons:

G. D 'Accolti (Galileo Avionica)R. Walters (NRL)

Solar Cell Capacitance Measurement 597R. Blok, E van den Berg & D. Slootweg, FOKKER Space B. V, The Netherlands

Dynamic Solar Cell Measurement Techniques: New Small Signal Measurement Techniques 603D. Schwander, CNES, France

Solar Array Dynamic Simulator Prevention of Solar Array Short-Circuits due to Electrostatic 609DischargeD. Payan, J.P. Catani & D. Schwander, CNES, France

Extensive Data on ESD Induced Secondary Arcs on Solar Arrays 617L. Levy, CERT-Onera, France

Solar Arrays Based on the Network Substrate 623V.A. Letin, V.N. Chehovich, G.P. Evtejev, L.S. Gatsenko, M.B. Kagan, V.P. Nadorov, &V.R. Zayavlin, KVANT, Russia

Space Environmental Testing of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 629A.F. Hepp, S.G. Bailey & E.J. Anglin, NASA Glenn Research Center, J.D. Harris, Cleveland StateUniversity and D.A. Scheiman & S.L. Castro, Ohio Aerospace Institute, U.S.A.

Energy Storage Systems & ManagementChairpersons:

H. Barde (Astrium S.A.S.)M. Schautz (ESA/ESTEC)

On-Orbit Operations of NiMH Cells for Space Applications 635T. Iwabuchi, Y. Ishikawa & H. Inafuku, The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd., K. Takahashi, K. Hirose& M. Tajima, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science (ISAS), and M. Adachi & M. Kudoh,NEC Corporation, Japan

SMART-1 Battery Management Electronic (BME) 641J. Otero-Cabezas & F.H. Pedersen, CRISA-ASTRIUM, Spain, and P. Rueda, European SpaceAgency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

Cluster II Batteries in-Orbit Performance 647M. Schautz, ESTEC/ESA, The Netherlands and H.J. Volpp, European Space Agency/ESOC, Germany

Commercial Li-Ion Batteries for Nanosatellite Applications - a Flight Experiment 653F. Santoni & P. Tortora, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy, and F. Alessandrini& S. Passerini, ENEA, Italy

Evolutions of the Ariane 5 Electrical Power System 659H. Barde, C. Urruty & J. Jaumes, Astrium S.A.S., France

A Novel Battery Charging Converter 665G. Shivanna & S. Girish, I.S.R.O. Satellite Centre, India

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Lithium Ion Life TestingChairperson:

Y. Borthomieu (SAFT Advanced Batteries)

GEO Life Testing of SAFT Li-Ion Batteries 673G.J. Dudley, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands, and J.P. Planchat & J.P. Semerie,SAFT, France

VES140 S Li-Ion Cell GEO Life Test Results 679Y. Borthomieu M. Broussely & J.P. Planchat, SAFT, France

Modelling of Highly-Parallel Lithium-Ion Batteries 685R. Spurrett, C. Thwaite & A. Holland, AEA Technology Space, U.K., D. Lizius, COM DEV,Canada, and G.J. Dudley, European Space Agency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

Fuel CellsChairperson:

Y. Borthomieu (SAFT Advanced Batteries)

The Influence of Reactant Gas Impurities on the Alkaline Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell Performance 695Y.L Golin, D.G. Kondratyev, V.I. Matrenin, A.T. Ovchinnikov, B.S. Pospelov, G.S. Soloviev&A.S. Stikhin, Ural Electrochemical Integrated Plant (UEIP), Russia

In Situ Production of Fuel and Oxidant for a Small Solid Oxide Fuel Cell on Mars 699T. Pipoli & J.O. Besenhard, Technical University ofGraz, Austria, and M. Schautz, European SpaceAgency/ESTEC, The Netherlands

Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction Cathode Utilizing Enzyme Electrocatalysis 705D.N. Prater & J.J. Rusek, Swift Enterprises, Ltd., U.S.A.

Solar Array Flight PerformanceChairpersons:

P. Samson (Alcatel Space Industries)M. Yamaguchi (Toyota Technological Institute)

Optical, Radiation and Thermal Cycling Losses of Power Solar Array Returned from Orbital 713Station "MIR" after 10.5 Years of OperationV.A. Letin, KVANT, Russia

One Year In-Orbit Data of the MITA Ga As on Ge Solar Array 719G. D'Accolti, G. Beltrame, E. Ferrando, S. Riva & L. Vallini, Galileo Avionica, Italy, P. Sabatini,T. Lupi & G. Annoni, Carlo Gavazzi Space S.p.A., F. Viola, M. Crisconio & E. Colzi, AgenziaSpaziale Italiana, and C. Flores, R. Campesato & G. Gabetta, CESI, Italy

Analysis of Geostationary Spacecraft Solar Arrays Degradation from Solar Proton Flares 725G.M. Grigorieva, M.B. Kagan, V.A. Letin & V.P. Nadorov, KVANT, andG.D. Evenov, V.V. Hartov,& I.A. Maximov, NPO PM, Russia

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Solar Array Environmental InteractionsChairpersons:

P. Samson (Alcatel Space Industries)M. Yamaguchi (Toyota Technological Institute)

A Terresterial Investigation of Material Degradation Mechanisms in Silicon Solar Cells, 733which Returned from MIR Space Station after Ten Years ExploitationA.B. Grabov, RSC Energia, and B.G. Budagyan, A.A. Sherchenkov & A.V. Sizov, MoscowInstitute of Electronic Technology, Russia

Dominant Radiation-Induced Defects in Space Solar Cell Silicon Manifested by 741Photoluminescence SpectroscopyM. Tajima & M. Warashina, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), T. Hisamatsu,Sharp Corporation, and O. Anzawa & S. Matsuda, National Space Development Agency (NASDA),Japan

Mechanism of Irradiation Induced Degradation of Solar Cells 747M. Zazoui, F.S.T. de Mohammedia, Morocco, A. Zin Aldin, University Tishrine, Syria, M. Mbarki,University de Gabes, Tunisia, and J.C. Bourgoin, University Pierre et Marie Curie, France