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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 2

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 3

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 5

1.MOTER GRADER .................................................................................................................................... 5

2.ASPHALT PAVER .................................................................................................................................... 7

3.EXCAVATOR ........................................................................................................................................... 9

4.BACK HOE LOADER .............................................................................................................................. 11

5.ROAD ROLLER ...................................................................................................................................... 13

CONSIDERING FOR SITE WORK .................................................................................................................. 14

SAFETY ........................................................................................................................................................ 14

MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................................... 15

SELECT CORRECT EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................... 15

CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................. 15

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 15

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The constraction equpment visit is held on Thursday of 14th may which is organize by Civil

Engineering department . The location of the site visit was at Maganagma training school at

kundagasala.we gained Knowledge about Motor grade , Asphalt paver, Excavater, Back hoe loader and

Road Roller.We studied how to maintain these equipments and what are the uses of these equipments.

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INTRODUCTION

The maganaguma training school Located in Kundasale, just 7 km away from the City of Kandy, 350 m from the Kandy-Mahiyangaya main road (A26), the training Centre provides offers a fantastic opportunity for school leavers or those without a relevant qualification in subject areas to obtain an internationally recognized certification which can be vital in their career development.

Main Objectives of the Training School

To train Construction Equipment Operators by using the latest Machinery in order to expose them to new technology and enhance their competency to an established national skill standard

Establish a National Trade Test for Construction Equipment Operators as well as create Custom Designed Trade Tests for Construction Equipment operators

To upgrade the technical knowledge and competency of Construction Equipment Operators to perform their duties more efficiently and effectively

Benefits of the Training School

Locally and internationally reputed certificates will be presented (NVQ) for Trainees who successfully complete the training programme

Assistance to find jobs in the State Sector as well as the Private Sector

Infrastructure for Trainees

The MagaNeguma Construction Equipment Training School offers the following infrastructural facilities for those who join our training programmes.

Large fleet of modern construction vehicles and equipment

Dormitory facilities to provide accommodation for trainees

An actual Worksite is available for trainees to operate the machinery at the training center

A number of other worksites are also available for trainees to improve their competency levels

A total of approximately 52 students attended the site visit. Valuable information was shared

among students regarding the visit especially on the operation of the machines.

Purpose of this this visit is to study construction equipments ,

Operations

Major parts

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Engine Horse power

Controlling levers & functions

Uses of machines

functions

Weight of the equipments

Cycle time

Fuel consumption

Safety protections

Maintenance

Daily maintenance

Weekly maintenance

Monthly maintenance

Six month maintenance

Annual maintenance

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CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

1.MOTER GRADER

Blade Scerifier

Motor grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, a blade, a maintainer, or a motor grader,

is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface during the grading process. Typical

models have three axles, with the engine and cab situated above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and

a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in between. In certain countries, for example

in Finland, almost every grader is equipped with a second blade that is placed in front of the front axle. Some

construction personnel refer to the entire machine as "the blade." Capacities range from a blade width of 2.50

to 7.30 m and engines from 93–373 kW(125–500 hp). Certain graders can operate multiple attachments, or be

used for separate tasks like underground mining.

In civil engineering, the grader's purpose is to "finish grade" (to refine or set precisely) the "rough

grading" performed by heavy equipment or engineering vehicles such as scrapers and bulldozers.

Moter Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt roads and gravel roads.

In the construction of paved roads they are used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for

the asphalt to be placed on. Graders are also used to set native soilfoundation pads to finish grade prior to

Machanism for

The blade

Traction bar for

blade carrier Engine

Operator

Cabin

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the construction of large buildings. Graders can produce inclined surfaces, to give cant (camber) to roads. In

some countries they are used to produce drainage ditches with shallow V-shaped cross-sections on either side

of highways.

A more recent innovation is the outfitting of graders with GPS technology,

USES

Makig road profile

Remove damaged road surface

Grading &spreading aggregates

Leveling uneven road surface

Cutting & finishing road side

Cutting ditches

MAINTENANCE Daily maintenance

Weekly maintenance

Monthly maintenance

Six month maintenance

Annual maintenance

FUAL TANK CAPACITY

HYDRAULIC TANK CAPACITY

ENGINE OIL SUMP CAPASITY

ENGINE OIL TYPE

ENGINE POWER

FUAL CONSUMPTION PER HOUR

: 230L

: 75L

: 13L

: DS40

:150 HP

: 10L PER HOUR

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2.ASPHALT PAVER

USES

Paving asphalt

Spreading Aggregates

Leveling

Partial Compaction

FUAL TANK CAPACITY

HYDRAULIC TANK CAPACITY

ENGINE OIL SUMP CAPASITY

ENGINE OIL TYPE

ENGINE POWER

FUAL CONSUMPTION PER HOUR

WEIGHT

: 50L

: 40L

: 8L

: DS40

: 55 HP

: 10L PER HOUR

: 7440 Kg

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MAINTENANCE

Engine oil filter : 250h

Air clean : 5000h

DISADVANTAGES

We see that on is compact more then what expect. Because of the tires.

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3.EXCAVATOR

Arm Cylinder

Bucket

A hydraulic excavator is a large vehicle that is designed for excavation and demolition purposes.

Hydraulic excavators consist of a chassis, boom, and bucket, and move via tracks or wheels. They range

in size and function, an example of which is the similar but smaller “mini excavator.” All versions are

generally designed for the same purposes. Hydraulic excavators weigh between 1360 and 90000 Kg and

their speed ranges between 19 HP and 4,500 HP.

Operator

Cabin

Engin

e

Arm

Boom

Front Idler Track

Spring

s

Bottom

Rollers

Final

Drive

FUAL TANK CAPACITY

HYDRAULIC TANK CAPACITY

ENGINE OIL SUMP CAPASITY

: 243L

: 90L

: 19L

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USES

Digging trench

Loading loose materials to dump trucks.

Loading & laying boulders

Reducing the height of embankments

Making the slope surfaces

Digging cannels.

Removing silt from cannels or lakes.

Uprooting trees.

Demolishing disused structures

ADVANTAGES

Hydraulic excavators have many advantages that allow them to be used in the ways that they are.

For example, they are small enough to work on specific tasks within a project area and can usually be

transported from one project to another by either being towed or stored on a large truck. Hydraulic

excavators can also take advantage of many different attachments: a mallet for demolition purposes, a

blade for scraping, or a grapple for picking up objects. Hydraulic excavators are also widely available and

can be purchased new or used.

DISADVANTAGES

Hydraulic excavators have few disadvantages, most of which are expected in such a vehicle.

For example, hydraulic excavators are heavy and cannot simply be driven across large distances or

on non-reinforced roads. Likewise, they generally use large amounts of fuel and can be a very

expensive investment, the latter being countered by the fact that they can remain operable for

decades. Additionally, hydraulic excavators can be difficult to repair due to their large size and many

moving parts.

ENGINE OIL TYPE

ENGINE POWER

FUAL CONSUMPTION PER HOUR

BUCKET SIZE

: DS40

:140 HP

: 12L PER HOUR

: 0.25- 0.65m3

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4.BACK HOE LOADER

FUAL TANK CAPACITY

HYDRAULIC TANK CAPACITY

ENGINE OIL SUMP CAPASITY

ENGINE OIL TYPE

ENGINE POWER

FUAL CONSUMPTION PER HOUR

WEIGHT

BUCKET SIZE

PRESSURE OF TIRES

: 118L

: 118L

: 13

: DS40

: 100 HP

: 5L PER HOUR

: 8000 Kg

: FRONT 0.25 cube

REAR 0.05 cube

: FRONT 65 psi

REAR 35 psi

BBucket

BBoom

BLoader

Operator

Cabin

BTractor

BWheels

BEngine

Stabilizer

Legs

BBackhoe

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USES

Dozing (cut and pull)

Loading loose materials to dump trucks

Excavating

Spreading loose materials

Back dozing (collect soil)

Grapping

MAINTENANCE

Engine oil filter : 250h

Hydroulic oil change : 1 year

Apply grease everyday

DISADVANTAGES

Having said that, they are not cost effective, as well as severe. The chances of accidents

and injuries if he had sent his carefully. We cannot use them in hilly or steep ground.

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5.ROAD ROLLER

USES

compacting soil, aggregates, asphalts

DISADVANTAGES

What we have seen is the compaction is percentage is below the other kind. But we can

get smooth surface

FUAL TANK CAPACITY

HYDRAULIC TANK CAPACITY

ENGINE OIL SUMP CAPASITY

ENGINE OIL TYPE

ENGINE POWER

FUAL CONSUMPTION PER HOUR

: 60L

: 60L

: 8L

: DS40

:100 HP

: 3L PER HOUR

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CONSIDERING FOR SITE WORK Safety

Maintenance

Correct selection of machine

SAFETY Machine operators

Personal protective equipment (ex- claws, shoes, helmet, wearing cloths.)

Physical and mental fitness (ex. Use mobile phone, drunk & drive, smoke are not

allow)

Correct techniques (ex. Excavate the material, digging position)

Outside safety

Bounding the work area ( use the barricade tape)

Keep safety sign boards

Keep key with your own

Machines

Carrying out maintenance one time

Check and remove obstacles

Keep the fire extinguishers

Properties

Remove any valuables. (which may be damaged on operation)

Get correct information.

Mark items to be removed or demolished

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MAINTENANCE Find the manufacture’s maintenance manual

Prepare the check list as per the manufacture’s manuals.

Supply materials to be required

Get the service of qualified personnel

SELECT CORRECT EQUIPMENT

It is very important to select correct equipment.If not we have to waste more money. We have

to consider following factor for select correct machine

Size of the job

Activity time constraints

Availability of

Cost of transportation of equipment

Soil characteristics

Geometric characteristics of elements to be excavated

Space constraints: The performance of equipment is influenced by the spatial limitations

for the movement of excavators.

Location of dumping areas: The distance between the construction site and dumping

areas could be relevant not only for selecting the type and number of haulers, but also the

type of excavators.

Weather and temperature: Rain, snow and severe temperature conditions affect the

job-site productivity of labor and equipment.

Engine and bucket size

CONCLUSION It was a wonderful learning experiance at Maganaguma training office.We studied lot of things

about road constranction equipments.we were given opportunity to maintain the equipments also. I

hope this experience will surely help me in my future and also in shaping my career.

REFERENCES http://maganeguma.lk/training-school/

http://www.mohsl.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=61

&lang=en