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Sinh tng hp bo tn t nhin tranh ci li hay hi

Can Synthetic Biology Save Wildlife? From Re-CreatingExtinct Species to the Risk of Genetically ModifiedSuper-Species

Apr. 2, 2013

What effects will the rapidly growing field of synthetic biologyhave on the conservation of nature? The ecological and ethical challengesstemming from this question will require a new and continuing dialoguebetween members of the synthetic biology and biodiversity conservationcommunities, according to authors of a new paper.

According to the paper, the field of synthetic biology -- a discipline that utilizes chemicallysynthesized DNA to create organisms that address human needs -- is developing rapidly, withbillions of dollars being invested annually. Many extol the virtues of synthetic biology asproviding potential solutions to human health problems, food security, and energy needs.

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Advocates also see in synthetic biology tools for combating climate change and water deficits.Critics warn that genetically modified organisms could pose a danger to native species andnatural ecosystems. The paper's authors assert that, in any scenario, a dialogue on how to useand restrict synthetic biology methods and products must be initiated for the benefit of theworld's societies and decision makers.The authors of the essay -- published in the online journal PLOS Biology-- include: Kent

Redford of the Wildlife Conservation Society and Archipelago Consulting; Bill Adams of theUniversity of Cambridge; and Georgina M. Mace of University College London (UCL)."At present, the synthetic biology and conservation communities are largely strangers to oneanother, even though they both share many of the same concerns and goals," said KentRedford, lead author of the article. "An open discussion between the two communities isneeded to help identify areas of collaboration on a topic that will likely change the relationshipof humans with the natural world."The authors of the paper, along with other scientists and conservationists, will discuss thepotential implications that synthetic biology may have on the natural world and conservation atthe Synthetic Biology and Conservation Conference, convening at Clare College in Cambridge,England, on April 9-11.John Robinson, WCS Chief Conservation Officer, said: "Synthetic biology is an extremely

important and burgeoning field, but its consequences to biodiversity and conservation arecurrently poorly understood. By bringing together the best thinkers in these two disciplines wehope to gain a better understanding on synthetic biology's opportunities -- and potentialimpacts -- to conservation."Co-author Bill Adams of the University of Cambridge, said: "Our strategies for conservingecosystems, species, and genetic diversity, formulated over the past century, are profoundlychallenged by synthetic biology. The implications of this emerging field must be incorporatedinto conservation theory and practice if efforts to save biodiversity are to be effective."The authors explain the need for new strategies in the conservation community to cope withthe challenges of synthetic biology. They highlight five emerging issues requiring discussionsand policy decisions by conservation scientists and practitioners. They include:

The possibilities of recreating extinct species.How synthetic organisms will interact with existing species.Our current definition of what "natural" is.Using synthetic biology to produce natural services for humans (e.g. carbon

sequestration, pollution control).The use of synthetic life for private benefits, as in the applications for industrial

processes, agriculture, and aquaculture; how will a balance be struck between private riskand gain vs. public benefit and safety?

Co-author Georgina M. Mace of the Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, UCL,said: "The discussion between conservation and synthetic biology is a necessary one. Weneed to have a clear-eyed examination of the issues and decisions that could alter life on

Earth."Share this story on Facebook, Twitter, andGoogle:Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:

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The above story is reprinted frommaterialsprovided byWildlife Conservation Society.Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contactthe source cited above.

Journal Reference:

1. Kent H. Redford, William Adams, Georgina M. Mace. Synthetic Biology andConservation of Nature: Wicked Problems and Wicked Solutions. PLoS Biology, 2013;11 (4): e1001530 DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530

Sinh tng hp bo tn t nhin cuc tranh ci li hay hi

Nhnhng thnh quvt bc ca cng ngh sinh hc m ngnh sinh hc ni

chung c nhng tin b mnh m. Bng chng c thl nhcng nghm ngnh sinh tng hp c thv trong tng lai hon ton c thtai to

loi tuyt chng hoc cc ging loi mi. Tuy vy, s pht trin qu

nhanh ny cng t ra nhiu vn cn phi tranh lun bo m tng

lai lu di v bn vng ca ssng trn tri t.

Nhng hiu ng ca cc lnh vc pht trin nhanh chng ca sinh tng hp s cbo tn thin nhin khng ? Nhng thch thc sinh thi v o c bt ngun

t cu hi ny si hi mt cuc i thoi mi v tip tc gia cc thnh

vin ca sinh hc tng hp v cng ng bo tn a dng sinh hc, theo tc

gi ca bi bo mi. Theo t bo, lnh vc sinh hc tng hp - mt ngnh hc

m s dng DNA ha hc tng hp to ra cc sinh vt nhm gii quyt cc

nhu cu ca con ngi, angc pht trin nhanh chng, c u t

hng nm hng t la. C nhiu li ca tng mtnhn o ca sinh tng hp

nh l cung cp cc gii php tim nng cho vn sc khe con ngi, an

ninh lng thc v nhu cu nng lng.

http://www.wcs.org/press/press-releases/synthetic-biology-wildlife.aspxhttp://www.wcs.org/press/press-releases/synthetic-biology-wildlife.aspxhttp://www.wcs.org/press/press-releases/synthetic-biology-wildlife.aspxhttp://www.wcs.org/http://www.wcs.org/http://www.wcs.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530http://www.wcs.org/http://www.wcs.org/press/press-releases/synthetic-biology-wildlife.aspx

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Nhng ngi ng h sinh tng hp cng cn tm thytrong hng ny cc cng

cchng bin ikh hu v thiu nc. Nhng cn nhngngich trch

th cnh bo rng cc sinh vt bin i gen c thgy nguy him cho cc loi

bn a vh sinh thi t nhin. Cc tc gica bi bo ny [Kent H. Redford, WilliamAdams, Georgina M. Mace. Synthet ic Biology and Cons ervat ion of Nature: Wicked Problems and Wicked Solut ions.

PLoS Biology, 2013; 11 (4): e1001530 DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530]khng nhrng ti lc

chng ta cn phikhi ng bt k hnh thc no, hay mt cuc i thoiv

cch s dng vhnchphng php sinh tng hpv cc sn phmca n

v li ch cax hiton cu v cn cho c nhng ngi quyt nh ra chnh

sch. Cc tc gi ca bi lunc cng b trong tp ch trc tuyn PLoS

Biology - bao gm: Kent Redford caHip hibo tn ng thc vt hoang d

v qun oT vn, Bill Adams cai hc Cambridge, v Georgina M. Mace

cai hc College London (UCL). Theo ng Kent Redford, tc gi chnh ca

bi bo th, "Hin nay, sinh tng hpv cng ngbohot ng tnphn ln

l nhng ngi xa lvi nhau, mc d c hai u c chia srtnhiu

nhng mi quan tmv mc tiutngt nhau". V th "Cn c mtcuc

tholunmgia hai cng ng gip xc nh cc lnh vchp tcv mt

ch m c th s lm thay imi quan h ca con ngivith gii t

nhin."

Theo cc tc gi ca bi bo, cng vi cc nh khoa hc khc v cc nh bo v

mi trng, s tho lun vnhng tc ngtimnngca sinh tng hp c

th ci vith gii t nhinv bo tnsinh hcti Hi nghSinh tng hp

v Bo tn, triu tptitrng Clare College Cambridge, Anh, vo ngy 9-

11 thng 4 2013.

John Robinson, mt trng b phn cn bbo tn, th cho bit: "sinh hc

tng hp l mt lnh vcrt quan trng vang pht trin, nhnghu qu

ca ni vi a dng sinh hcv bo tnhin cha c hiu r. Chng ti

hy vng, vicnh t tngln nht trong hai ngnh ny ngi cng nhau s

http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530

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tcmt s hiu bit tt hnvc hica ngnh sinh tng hp v tc

ngtim nngca n ti cng tc botn".

ng tc gi Bill Adams ca i hc Cambridge, cho bit: "chin lc ca chng

ti bo tn cc h sinh thi, loi v a dng di truyn, c xy dng trongc th k qua ang phi chu thch thc rt c bn bi sinh tng hp. Ni hm

ca lnh vc ang ni ln ny cn phi c a vo l thuyt bo tn v thc

tin cho nhng n lc bo va dng sinh hc c hiu qu. "

Cc tc gi gii thch s cn thit cho cc chin lc mi trong cng ng bo

tn ngu vi nhng thch thc ca sinh hc tng hp. H nhn mnh

ti nm vn ny sinh i hi phi tho lun v c quytnh chin lc

gia cc nh khoa hc v bo tn v nhng ngi thc hin. l 5 vn

sau:

Khnng ti to cc loi tuyt chng.

Sinh vtc tng hp stng tc th no vi cc loi ang tn ti.

nh ngha hin nay ca chng ta th no "t nhin".

Vic s dng sinh tng hp to ra cc dch v t nhin phc vi vi

con ngi (v dnh hp th carbon, kim sot nhim).

Vic s dng cc s sng tng hp cho li ch c nhn, nh trong cc ng

dng trong cc quy trnh cng nghip, nng nghip v nui trng thy sn,

th lm sao gic mt s cn bng gia ri ro t hot ng t nhn

vi li ch v an ton ca cng ng?

Georgina M. Mace ca Trung tm a dng sinh hc v nghin cu mi trng,

UCL, ng tc gi cho bit: "Cc cuc tho lun gia sinh hc bo tn v sinh

hc tng hp l mt trong nhng vic cn thit. Chng ta cn c mt cuc

kim tra thc r rng cc vn v quytnh m vn c th s lm thay i

s sng trn tri t".