Simulation Design Technologies of RF devices for...

2005/11/31

Simulation Design Technologies of RF devices for UWB

Mike Tanahashi, TRDA Inc. / TAIYO YUDENOctober 27, 2005

Ansoft 2005 High Performance Applications Workshop

2005/11/32 Confidential

Corporate Overview• Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan• Establishment: March 1950• Capital: 23.5 Billion JPY• Consolidated Sales: ¥163.3 billion• Employees: 17,193 (worldwide)• WW Sales Offices: 37• WW Production Base: 20• WW R&D Bases: 6

Sales by Products (FY03/04)Others

9%Optical Media19%

Ferrite20%

Capacitor40%

Module12%

Sales by Application (FY03/04)

Components20%

Others20%

Automotive3%

Consumer20%

Telecomms16%

Computers21%

Revenue

0

50

100

150

200

1985 19951978 1980 1990 2000 20052004

Sales Amount (bill Yen)

Consolidated Sales

2005/11/33

Advanced Ferrite Technology

TAIYO YUDEN SALES BY PRODUCT MIX

Advanced ThinFilm Technology

Advanced Capacitor Technology

Advanced Module Technology

CD-RDVD-R

BME MLCCs Array

Advanced Multilayer Technology

CCFL InverterMultilayerProducts

46 %

FY2004(W/W Sales)

Axial Leaded

Bluetooth Module

Ceramic Antenna

MultilayerPiezo Speaker

Axial &Radial

Inductor

WoundChip

Inductor

19%

41%

16%

19%

4%19%

41%

16%

19%

4%

MultilayerChip

InductorsEMC

Products

SMDPower

Inductor

Diplexer

B.P.F.

2005/11/34

Contents

・What’s UWB?・Antenna for UWB・Filter & balun for UWB・Future development

2005/11/35

Various RF standards and position UWB technologiesExpected new usage and field for UWB

WMAN・WWANWLANWPAN WRAN

1Km100m10m1m

10Mbps

100Mbps

1Gbps

1Mbps

100kbps 100km

WBAN*

RFID、NFC

* “WBAN” (Wireless Body Area Network) has not been officially used by standardization organizations.

ZigBee, 802.15.4a

UWBHigh-Data-Rate WPAN802.15.3a

NG BT

NG Bluetooth

Bluetooth

802.11a/g

802.11n

802.11b

Cellular Phone

NG Cellular Phone

802.16WiMAX

802.20

802.22WiTV

2005/11/36

What’s UWB?Frequency bandwidth of UWB and other RF standards

frequency（GHｚ）

Tra

nsm

issi

on o

utp

ut

leve

l （im

age）

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

EMI regulation value under US FCC(FCC Part15)(－41.3dBm/MHz)

Ultra Wideband (UWB communication）

802.11b802.11gBluetooth 802.11a

cell phone802.11b802.11gBluetooth

GPS

cell phone

Spread spectrum communication such as existing narrow-band communication or wireless LAN

2005/11/37

What’s UWB?FCC approved UWB EIRP Level

Handheld Indoor

2005/11/38

What’s UWB?Features of UWB

・ high-speed transmission （110Mbps-480Mbps)－ Deliver multiple HDTV video stream－ Transmission of low compression, no

compressible AV－ Cable replacement of USB2.0

・ lower power consumption (<100mW@110Mbps、<250mW@200Mbps)

・ lower cost

・ QoS

・ coexistence with 802.11a/b/g

・ high-accuracy distance measurement, location detection (‐a few centimeters)

2005/11/39

UWB applicationHome application

Family PCCluster Phone

ControlLong Range

Networking/Connectivitywired & wireless

BroadbandData/Voice

Access

BroadbandVideo/Data

Access

AudioCluster

GamingCluster

Short range Connectivity

high throughputwired & wireless

Home OfficeCluster

Home Theater Cluster

Adapted from MBOA strategy pressbriefing handout

2005/11/310

UWB applicationOffice application

BroadbandAccess

LAN ConnectivityWired/Wireless

IEEE 802.11a/g & nIEEE 802.3 Ethernet

Office DesktopConnectivity

Wired / Wireless

Conference RoomConnectivity (Ad

Hoc)Wired / Wireless

Intra-CampusConnectivity (Ad Hoc)

Wired/Wireless

Adapted from MBOA strategy pressbriefing handout

2005/11/311

UWB circuit needs the following passive components.

BPF BEFRF

ChipBalun

BaseBand

+MAC

AntennaIEEE1394USB2.0

PCI. . . . .

RF devices particular to UWB technology.

・ UWB Antenna・ Band Pass Filter (BPF)・ Band Elimination Filter (BEF)・ UWB Balun

Taiyo Yuden’s UWB Devices

2005/11/312

• What’s UWB?• Antenna for UWB• Filter & balun for UWB• Future development trend

2005/11/313

Zi＝Rr＋Rｌ＋ｊＸ

Ｒｒ

Ｒｒ＋Ｒｌ

The basic of antenna input impedance and radiation resistance

Input impedance Zi→If you see antenna as a circuit, it is circuit constant characteristics of antenna when you see antenna part from I/O port

Radiation resistance Resistance loss reactance

e.g. half-wave dipole antenna73.13Ω

As it gets bigger, heat loss will be increasing,and radiation efficiency of an antenna will be decreasing.

Radiation efficiency =

As Rr gets small, Rl cannot be ignored

2005/11/314

dBddBicdBil

０dBi

１

＋α(ｄB)

－α(ｄB)

The basic of antenna Gain, efficiency and directivity

The spherical shape is radiation pattern

What’s thatmaking gainhigher? If try to break balloon?

The volume of blown air is constant

Spherical radiation

Balloon becomesspherical

Integration value of directional pattern =1

Antenna efficiency 100%Blow air 1 into antenna

Unit of gain → dBi （i→isotropic）

It means that isotropic antenna is standard antenna for gain measurement.

This is the ideal antenna that radiates equally in all directions.

2005/11/315

（97ｍｍ＠3.1GHz）

ｒ

λ/４

λ/4

Variety and principle of basic antenna monopole antenna

If it’s bigger than １λ, it gets close to infinity characteristics.

It is finite actually.

Ground plane(infinite size)

If it’s smaller than １λ,especially less than λ/４,characteristics changes drastically.

advantage→It has simple structure that just set up the λ/４ element on the ground.

disadvantage→The efficiency depends on configurationof ground. It is not for low profile because it needs to set up element fordefrag I/O impedance.

It becomes antenna when ground plane exists.

Ground plane is also one of the important part of antenna.

Distributionof voltage

Distribution of electric current

2005/11/316

Variety and principle of basic antennainverted-F antenna

Short element(thick part)

aboutλ/4

Ground plane

Short element correct lowering of I/O impedance.

advantage→it is easy to control I/Oimpedance.

disadvantage→frequency bandwidth becomes narrower.

Low-profile monopole antenna

As same as monopole antenna, it becomes antenna when ground plane existence. But because of low-profile element, the coupling with ground that is right under element becomes strong. Therefore the efficiency does not depend on configuration of ground or size.

2005/11/317

λ/4 λ/4

Variety and principle of basic antenna dipole antenna

advantage→stable characteristics.can be use for standard antenna.

disadvantage→total length becomesλ/2, so it gets big.difficult to miniaturize.Ground part of monopole antenna

changes to linear λ/4 in length

Unlike monopole antenna, characteristics is stable because of independent structure.It is used as a standard reference antenna due to its certain characteristics.

2005/11/318

Antenna electric volume（bandwidth）×（gain）×（efficiency）

＝constant value

widen bandwidth without changing gain and efficiencyTrade-off

must make antenna electric volume bigger

Variety and principle of ultra wide band antenna

2005/11/319

ＺＺ‘

ＺＺ‘＝ 4Ｚ0 2

≒(60π) 2

2Ｚ＝Ｚ0 ＝60π

Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennaself-complementary antenna

Figure out antenna impedance of antenna that complement each other by Babinet’s principle.

(Booker’s relation)

In addition, board and hole are the exactly same.

(Mushiake’s relation)

It is constant regardless of frequencyand configuration

Self-complementary antenna

2005/11/320

β

α

Rn+1

Rn＝τ（constant）→ log-periodic condition

Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennalog-periodic antenna

Its structure is that antenna characteristics repeat periodically in proportion to log of frequency.

Invented by DuHamel in 1955

α＋β＝90°→self-complementary condition

Element that is L distance from feed pointdecide resonance frequency.

Maximum dimension decide adjustment resonance frequency.

Input impedance＝189ΩWhen α＝45°τ＝0.5, bandwidth is 5:1

Although structure is self-complementary,it has wide bandwidth characteristics forinfinite spread. Therefore in principle bandwidth characteristics is smaller thanself-complementary antenna.

It is practical structure than self-complementary antenna

2005/11/321

L1

L2

α

Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennalog-periodic dipole array antenna

Feed line（feed with phase inversion）

Approximately L1 decide minimum limit of resonance frequency. And L2 decidemaximum limit of resonance frequency.Example of design：α＝10°、L1＝63.5mm

element number＝15、L2＝31.8mm

bandwidth→1.1GHｚ～1.9GHｚ(less than VSWR2)gain →+8～+11dBi（Peak）

Guided wave area

Radiation area

Reflection area

Each working area moves over by changing of frequency.

2005/11/322

D

A

B

Φ

Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennadiscone antenna

disc

conical

feed line

As thicken conductor diameter of dipole antenna,input impedance of antenna is improved.

Widen bandwidth

One part of dipole antenna is disc and the other parts are conical in shape.It feeds with coaxial cable.

Example of designMinimum usage frequency ｆｃ＝200MHｚ

when D＝230mmA＝310mmB＝350mm

VSWR is less than 1.5 at 200～1000MHｚ

2005/11/323

Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennaspiral antenna (circular polarization antenna)

Archimedean spiral antenna Conical spiral antenna Quad line conical spiral antenna

Axial direction excitation

Side directional excitation

Electric wave radiate vertical direction to spiral plane.Input impedance 150～170Ω

Stable frequencycan change direction to axial or side by the way of excitation of 4 lines.

advantage： stable characteristics for wide bandwidth as circular polarization antennadisadvantage： need feeder circuit (ultra wide band balun) for antenna structure

2005/11/324

200

150

245

Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennadouble ridge horn antenna （directional antenna）

Wide bandwidth by double ridge structure

1～18GHｚ → less than VSWR3gain → +4.5ｄBi（＠1GHｚ）

～+14dBi（＠16GHｚ）

Used for transmitting antenna of antenna measurement

2005/11/325

VSWR （Voltage Standing Wave Ratio）Evaluation of antenna characteristics

Network analyzerAntenna

under test

Important reminder for test・when you test antenna, it radiates electric wave. So set antenna up awayfrom metal or human body etc. for unaffected.

2005/11/326

Transmitting horn antenna

Antenna under test

NETWORK ANALIZER

Standard dipole antenna

Antenna under test

Quiet ZoneTurn table

Anechoic chamber

Evaluation of antenna characteristics gain and radiation pattern

Absolute gain2.15dBi

Electric wave absorber were put on all six sides

2005/11/327

Pt（ｄBm）Pｒs（ｄBm） Gs（ｄBi） Pt（ｄBm）Pｒt（ｄBm） Gt（ｄBi）

Φ＝0°

Φ＝90°

Φ＝180°

Φ＝270° Gain（ｄBi）

Evaluation of antenna characteristicsgain and radiation pattern

Anechoic chamber

Standard antennae.g. Standard dipole antenna

Transmitting antennae.g. Double ridge horn antenna Measured antenna Transmitting antenna

e.g. Double ridge horn antenna

rotation φ

Gain Gt＝Prt－Prs＋Gs

rotate measurementantenna and plot Gt

Radiation pattern

2005/11/328

31 sensors

antenna under test

rotation

Evaluation of antenna characteristics efficiency

3D radiation pattern by antenna near field measurement system

Measuring antenna efficiency

Integration value of 3DRadiation pattern is the antenna efficiency.

2005/11/329

RF-Amp

Evaluation of antenna characteristics group delay

Anechoic chamber

UWB antenna

double ridge horn antenna

measure delay of S21 characteristics Example of measurement

2005/11/330

Z Y

X

Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaanalysis model

Antenna element

ground

Producing condition close to measurement environment

Full-featured CAD, takes about 30 minutes to make model

For improvement of accuracy of analysis

GND affects antenna characteristics and we generate fine mesh manually on GND in advance.

2005/11/331

VSWR

Comparison of simulation values of UWB antenna

Actual measurement resultSimulation result

Almost congruent under no practical issue.

Cable used for measurementmay affect.

cable

2005/11/332

antenna efficiencyantenna efficiency

31 sensors

AUT

rotation

Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaantenna efficiency Antenna efficiency was measured by STARGATE in Taiyo Yuden.

Almost congruent underno practical issue.

Actual measurement result

Simulation result

For the feature of antenna that used for measurement,the difference between measurement and simulationmay be error.

2005/11/333

Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaradiation pattern（3.1GHz）

2005/11/334


2005/11/335


2005/11/336


2005/11/337


2005/11/338

3.1GHz 4GHz 5GHz

6.5GHz 7.5GHz

Application of simulation of UWB antenna

field intensity

2005/11/339

3.1GHｚ～ 10.6GHｚ

Antenna characteristics used for UWB system

frequency bandwidth

gain and directivity

will change by application used in specific communication systems

Base station Mobile station（mobile terminal etc.）

Intended specificdirection

Directional antenna（≒10dBi）

Intended widedirection

Within horizontal planeOmni directional antenna（≒3dBi）

Unsettled condition (direction)of equipment

Spherical directional pattern（≒0dBi）

2005/11/340

UWB Antenna

1234567

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Frequency (GHz)

VSW

R

lower VSWRflat gainflat group delay compactlower costomni directional 50Ωimpedance

UWB antenna needs to transmit and receive signal for wide bandwidth.

8 x 6 x 1mmFeaturesShapes & dimensions

VSWR

2005/11/341

Contents

• What’s UWB?• Antenna for UWB• Filter & balun for UWB• Future development

2005/11/342

Design for Strip line type Filter

rfCLε4

0=

・the length of strip line decide frequency・dielectric constant material can make resonator shorter

Basic design

CL CL Cs≒LC2

1π

=f）π CsL(C2

1'

+=f

Wave shortening design

・possible to miniaturize by parallel capacitance with strip line

2005/11/343

Design for Strip line type Filter

・possible to make trap by circuit structure

Trap design

1st trap 2nd trap

3rd trap

1st resonator 2nd resonator 3rd resonator

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

2000 7000 12000freq.[MHz]

[dB

]

2005/11/344

Design for Strip line type Balun

Unbalance Port

Balance Port

λ/4 ResonatorMain electric characteristics

-Balance Impedance-Insertion loss at pass band-Phase balance-Amplitude balance

・coupling of λ/４ resonator decide bandwidth

rfCLε4

0= ・the length of strip line decide frequency・dielectric constant material can make resonator shorter

2005/11/345

Required performance of RF device for UWB

10dB

BW（-10dB band width) ≧ 1/5 fcor more than 500MHｚ band width

fc

BW

Transmitting output

frequency

Filter

Balun

-Insertion loss at pass band

-Insertion loss at pass band-Phase imbalance-Amplitude imbalance

need to satisfy electric characteristics of filter and balun with wide bandwidth

＜electric characteristics＞

2005/11/346

Importance of simulation technologies

traditional ：Cut & Try

trial evaluation

３-５ rotation

MPCircuit Simulation CAD

present：Simulation

HFSS Simulation

Specificationarrangement

Short lead time

Save cost

trial evaluation MP

Specification arrangement

2005/11/347

Evaluation Method

Measurement outline

After calibrate with cable terminal and measure S-Parameter of filter with board or SMA connector, cancel board or SMA connector then derive only filter characteristics.

S-parameter data availableDe-embedded

No S-parameter dataEasy to get attenuation characteristics

Cancel of jig loss

DemeritMeritMethod

DUT

N.W.A

2005/11/348

Comparison of simulation and actual measurement value＜UWB device＞

Comparison by through jig

Transmission characteristics of S11 and S21is congruent.

But・・・

Develop into a gap in Smith’s chart！

Cannot be used as S-Parameter！

simulation_S43－

simulation_S33－

Actual measurement_S21

－


－

2005/11/349

Port1

Example of structure for De-embedding

Port2

Port1 Port2

Actual measurement data before De-embedding

Simulation result of above

Simulation result of DUT only

Re-create SMA by HFSS

comparison

De-embedding method


2005/11/350

simulation_S43－

simulation_S33－


－


－

Simulation value and actual measurement value is congruent including Smith’s chart.

Comparison by De-embedding


2005/11/351

Comparison by Balun（De-embedding）

Pass/Attenuation Amplitude imbalance Phase imbalance

As same as BPF, simulation and actual measurement is congruent by De-embedding.


2005/11/352

Lower insertion loss and higher attenuationSuitable for the first generation UWB chip set (3-5GHz)Smaller sizeLower cost50Ω- input/output

BPF prevents UWB from interfering with mobile phones, GPS, 2.4GHz or 5GHz-Wireless LAN System and also prevents these applications from interfering with UWB.

2.0 x 1.25 x 1.0mm(Max)

UWB-Band Pass Filter (BPF)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000Freq(MHz)

S11/

S21(

dB)

S11S21

FeaturesShapes & dimensions

Electric characteristicss

2005/11/353

Lower insertion loss and higher attenuation at 5GHzSmaller size50Ω- input/output

BEF is essential, for the bandwidths of 5GHz Wireless LAN and UWB are close.It is not enough in attenuation to use only BPF.

UWB-Band Elimination Filter (BEF)

6.3 x 3.0 x 1.1mm(Max)FeaturesShapes & dimensions


2005/11/354

Lower phase error and lower amplitude errorLower insertion loss Suitable for the first and second generation UWB chipsets50:100Ω-impedance

Balun is essential for unbalance (unbalance, single-end) -balance (balance, differential) signal conversion.

3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0mm(Max)FeaturesShapes & dimensions

UWB-Balun

Transmission

-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Frequency (GHz)

Loss

(dB

)

Return LossInsertion Loss

Imbalance

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Frequency (GHz)

Am

plitude

(dB

)

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Phas

e (

deg)

Amplitude

Phase


2005/11/355

Lower phase error and lower amplitude errorLower insertion loss Smaller size & Lower cost50:100Ω-impedance

Balun is essential for unbalance (unbalance, single-end) -balance (balance, differential) signal conversion.

UWB-Balun

2.0 x 1.25x 0.9mmFeaturesShapes & dimensions


Freqency Response

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Frequency

Loss

Return LossInsertion Loss

Freqency Response

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Frequency (GHz)

Am

plitude

Imba

lance(d

B)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Phas

e Im

bala

nce (de

g)

Amplitude ImbalancePhase Imbalance

2005/11/356

Contents

• What’s UWB?• Antenna for UWB• Filter & balun for UWB• Future development

2005/11/357

Antenna line up

500MHz 1GHz 2GHz 5GHz

BluetoothBluetooth

W-LAN 11b/gW-LAN 11b/g

2.4GHz

10x4x1mm8x3x1mm 12x2x1mm

Inverted F

2.5x1.6x1.6mm

Monopole

5GHzW-LAN 11aW-LAN 11a

Inverted F

4x2x0.8mm

11x1.6x1.6mm

NEWGPSGPS

Monopole

W-LAN 11a/b/gW-LAN 11a/b/gDual band

10x4x1mm

3~10GHzUWBUWB

Proto

Wide Band Antenna

Inverted F Antenna

Dual Band Antenna

Helical Antenna

2005/11/358

Filter & Balun line up

500MHz 1GHz 2GHz 5GHz

5GHzW-LAN 11aW-LAN 11a

BPF

2.0x1.25x1.0max

BluetoothBluetooth

W-LAN 11b/gW-LAN 11b/g

2.4GHz

2.0x1.25x1.0max2.5x2.0x1.0max

BPF

Balance BPF

MP 2005.8~

2.0x1.25x1.0max

Digital TVDigital TV

LPF

2.0x1.25x1.0max

MP 2005.10~

Balance BPF

2.0x1.25x1.0max

Under Development

1.7~5GHz

UWBUWBBPF Under Development

Balun Under Development

Balun

SL type Filter

Balance Filter

LC type Filter

2005/11/359

Total solution for TAIYO YUDEN’s UWBProviding Total UWB Ecosystem

Antenna & support IC/Firmware/Software

Collaboration

Module

ExpressCardUSB Dongle

Certification Services

Quick introduction to the market

UWB Products

Total solution

RF Passive Components

2005/11/360

Contact informationFor US/EU and other regions :

Mike TanahashiTRDA Inc.Taiyo Yuden R&D Center of Americaemail: [email protected]

For Asia : NOBUAKI SAITOProducts Planning DivisionMarketing HeadquartersJAPAN Taiyo Yudenemail: [email protected]

Hiroshi HommaOverseas Sales DivisionJAPAN Taiyo Yudenemail: [email protected]

2005/11/361

Thank you for your attention.

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