Simulation Basics Chapter Two. Training Manual Simulation Basics March 29, 2005 Inventory #002215...

Simulation Basics

Chapter Two

March 29, 2005Inventory

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Training Manual

Simulation Basics

Chapter Overview

• In this chapter, the basics of using Simulation to perform analyses will be covered, which include:– The Simulation GUI and Operation

– Introduction to the Simulation Wizard

– Basic Analysis Procedure

• The capabilities described in this section are generally applicable to the ANSYS DesignSpace Entra licenses and above, unless explicitly noted with the lower-left hand table.

ANSYS License AvailabilityDesignSpace Entra xDesignSpace xProfessional xStructural xMechanical/Multiphysics x


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Training Manual

Simulation Basics

A. Launching Simulation

• Recall that there are two ways of running Simulation:– Configured from within ANSYS Workbench …

– … or directly from a supported CAD system

Model shown is from a sample Solid Edge assembly.


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Simulation Basics

… Simulation Interface

• The components of the user interface are shown below:

• Short descriptions of each component are covered next

Tree Outline

Details View Graphics Window

Toolbars

Simulation Wizard

Menus

Workbench Tabs


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Training Manual

Simulation Basics

… GUI – Menus

• The menus provide much of the functionality present in Simulation. Covering each menu item may be tedious, so only the more commonly used menu items are covered below:– The titlebar lists the currently active ANSYS license

– “File > Save” to save the .dsdb Simulation database

– “File > Clean” to delete mesh and/or results from database

– “Edit > Select All” to select all current entities in the window

– “Units” to change units on-the-fly

– “Tools > Options… ” to customize settings and options

– “Help > ANSYS Simulation Help” to invoke documentation


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Simulation Basics

… GUI – Toolbars

• There are four sets of toolbars to provide users quick access to functionality also found in the menus.

– The toolbars can be repositioned anywhere on the top of the Simulation window

– The “Context” toolbar, as will be illustrated later, will change, depending on what branch is active in the “Outline” tree.

– Tooltips appear if the cursor is placed over the toolbar button

– A “Unit Conversion” toolbar is also available (not shown)

Standard Toolbar

Graphics Toolbar

Named Selection Toolbar

Context Toolbar


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Simulation Basics

… GUI – Toolbars

• The “Standard” toolbar is shown below:

• The “Graphics” toolbar is used very often:

– The left mouse button can be either in “selection” mode or “graphics manipulation” mode. The above toolbar buttons grouped as “select entities” and “graphics manipulation” control the left-mouse button behavior.

– The selection of entities of the CAD geometry can be done either by individual selection or by box-selection. This is controlled by the “Select Mode” icon

Save .dsdb Bring up Simulation Wizard Solve ModelNew or Open .dsdb Capture Snapshot

Graphics ManipulationSelect entities Select Adjacent WireframeFit AllSelect mode Viewports


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… GUI – Outline Tree

• The Outline Tree provides an easy way of organizing the model, materials, mesh, loads, and results for the analysis– The Outline Tree is analogous to the “tree”

found in many CAD software. However,instead of sketches and features, thistree contains analysis-related items

– The “Model” branch contains the inputdata required for the analysis whereas the“Engineering Data” branch holds genericmaterial and convection data

– The four main sections of the “Model” branch include “Geometry,” “Contact” (if present), “Mesh,” and “Environment.”

– The “Environment” branch contains the loads as well as the “Solution” branch,which holds results for postprocessing.

– Other branches (not covered here) are also available.


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… GUI – Outline Tree

• The Outline Tree shows icons for each branch, along with a status symbol. Examples of the status symbols are below:– Checkmark indicates branch is fully defined/OK

– Question mark indicates item has incomplete data (need input)

– Lightning bolt indicates solving is required

– Exclamation mark means problem exists1

– “X” means that item is suppressed (will not be solved)

– Transparent checkmark means body or part is hidden

– Green lightning bolt indicates item is currently being evaluated

– Minus sign means that mapped face meshing failed

1 Example is opening a Simulation database which contains a capability not available with the current ANSYS license used.

• The user should become familiar with the basic status symbols shown here, so he/she can easily determine if the model is OK.


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… GUI – Details View

• The Details View provides a means of inputting data. The contents will change, depending on branch selected.– White field: shows current input data

• Data in white text field can easily be changed byclicking on it, then entering data, as needed

• Some white fields require the user to selectgeometric entities on the screen, then click on“Apply”. Others require text data input fromkeyboard or selecting item from pull-down menu.

– Gray (or Red) field: shows informative data• Data in gray fields cannot be modified. These

fields usually provide information or resultsdata, such as the maximum stress or numberof nodes generated by the mesher.

– Yellow field: incomplete input data• Data in yellow fields indicate that not enough

information has been supplied. Users need tofill in data completely in order to solve model.


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… GUI – Graphics Window

• The Graphics Window shows the geometry and results. It can also provide worksheet (tabular) listings, the HTML report, and a Print Preview option.

Geometry Tab Worksheet Tab

Print Preview Tab Report Preview Tab

Job Status Tab

The Job Status tab provides information on jobs being solved remotely.

The remote solve capability will be discussed in the Simulation Advanced Training Course


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… GUI – Simulation Wizard

• The Simulation Wizard is an optional component, a useful aid to remind users steps required to complete an analysis– The Simulation Wizard provides a list of required

steps and the status of them

– Green checkmark indicates the item is complete

– Green “i” shows an item to verify

– A greyed symbol shows that the item cannot beperformed yet until the previous step is completed

– A red question mark means that there is an incomplete branch related to this item, analogousto the “?” status symbol on the Outline Tree

– An “x” means that the item is not performed yet

– A lightning bolt means that the item is ready to besolved by selecting on the Standard Toolbar

• The Simulation Wizard can be toggled on/off byselecting the button on the Standard Toolbar


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Training Manual

Simulation Basics

• When first attaching a model to Simulation, the Startup Panel is shown, allowing the user to select a Simulation Template

• This startup panel can be turned off in “Tools > Options … > Simulation: Startup”

B. Startup Panel


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… Startup Panel

• The benefit of the Startup Panel is that the appropriate results and Simulation Wizard will appear– Templates and Wizards are only available for analyses

supported in DesignSpace licenses

– “Stress Branch” is selected in the example below. Note that results and the Stress Wizard are automatically chosen


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… Simulation Wizard

• By selecting an item on the “Required Steps” checklist, a callout appears, illustrating how that function is performed.– In the example below, “Verify Materials” was selected, and the

callout shows the user where this item can be changed.


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… Simulation Wizard

• The Simulation Wizard is very useful to analysts or other engineers who do not use Simulation every day– Reduces learning curve, as callouts

show user where the item is in GUI

– Besides basic functionality, callouts for more advanced items are also available as shown on right


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Simulation Basics

C. Basic Procedure

• The purpose of simulation is usually to determine the response of the system based on some type of excitation or loading.

• It is crucial to remember that a mathematical model is used:– CAD geometry is an idealization of the physical model

– The mesh is a mathematical representation of the CAD model

– The accuracy of answers is determined by various factors:• How well the physical model is represented depends on the assumptions

• Numerical accuracy is determined by the mesh density

CAD Model Finite Element Mesh


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… Basic Procedure

• Every analysis involves four main steps:– Preliminary Decisions

• What type of analysis: Static, modal, etc.?

• What to model: Part or Assembly?

• Which elements: Surface or Solid Bodies?

– Preprocessing• Attach the model geometry

• Define and assign material properties to parts

• Mesh the geometry

• Apply loads and supports

• Request results

– Solve the Model

– Postprocessing• Review results

• Check the validity of the solution

Preprocessing

Solution

Postprocessing

Preliminary Decisions


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… Basic Procedure

• A sample analysis using the Stress Wizard will be shown in this section.

• The Wizards in Simulation aid the user in following the basic analysis template discussed previously, and these steps below will be covered in the next slides:– Attach/import geometry

– Assign material properties

– (Mesh geometry)• A default mesh will be supplied by Simulation if this step is not

performed manually by the user

– Apply loads and supports

– Request results

– Solve model

– Review results/postprocessing


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… Attach Geometry

• Earlier, it was shown that geometry can be attached to Simulation in two ways– Direct from CAD system

• For supported CAD packages only using plug-in mode

– From within a blank Simulation session• For all supported formats, using plug-in or reader mode

Attaches active CAD model(plug-in mode)

Browse for CAD file(reader mode)

Directly launches Simulation and attaches geometry (plug-in mode)

Method 1 Method 2


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… Assign Material Properties

• After importing a model, the Stress Branch template was chosen, and the Stress Wizard appears– “Verify Materials” is selected, and the callout shows how to

change material properties in the pull-down menu

After “Verify Materials” is selected, all of the parts from the “Geometry” branch are highlighted, and the Details view shows how to change the material.


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• Notice that the Details View allows the user to select a material from a pull-down menu– The default material property is “Structural Steel” but can be

changed

– By selecting “Import …” the user can select a material property file (XML format)

– Although a few material properties are supplied with Simulation, as with any other input data, the user should use his/her own material data values.



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• Materials may be individually selected for each part– Note that the part name is obtained from the CAD model

• Multiple instances of the same part are differentiated by number

– Multiple parts can be highlighted and changed at once• Use Shift-Left mouse button to highlight all items in range

• Use Ctrl-Left mouse button to individually add/remove selection

ANSYS License AvailabilityDesignSpace EntraDesignSpace xProfessional xStructural xMechanical/Multiphysics x

By using a combination of Shift-Left mouse button and Ctrl-Left mouse button, twelve parts are highlighted on the Outline Tree

The user can then change all materials at once in the Details View by selecting the material pull-down menu.

Note that DesignSpace Entra is limited to analysis of single parts.


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• Material properties are listed, modified, imported or exported by accessing the “Data” tab


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• Default settings for material properties can be changed in the “Tools menu > Options… > Simulation: Engineering Data”– The default material can be changed from “Structural Steel”

– Items to be always available in drop-down menu can be added

– New materials can be added from various locations


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… Insert Loads & Supports

• After verifying and assigning materials, the “Insert Loads” item is selected from the Stress Wizard– Structural (and thermal) loads are applied from the pull-down

icon in the Context toolbar.

After “Insert Loads” is selected, notice that the “Environment” branch is highlighted.

By highlighting the “Environment” branch, the Context toolbar and Details view change.


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• Loads and supports are applied on geometric entities

• There are two ways to accomplish this:– Select geometry entity in Graphics Window first,

then select load or support from Context Toolbar

– Select load or support from Context Toolbar first, select geometry entities in Graphics Window, then click on “Apply” in Details View.


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• After assigning the load on geometric entities, the user can enter additional data in the Details view, if necessary.– Notice that, in the Outline Tree, the associated load branch

symbol status will also change to ‘completed’ (checkmark)


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• For some structural loads, direction is often needed:– Selection is done in Details View of load

• If “Components” is chosen, enter X, Y, or ZComponents of loading

• If “Vector” is chosen, select geometry andenter magnitude of loading

• Defaults can be set in “Tools > Options … > Simulation: Miscellaneous > Load Orientation Type”

– The World Coordinate System can be referenced• Direction is shown with triad in Graphics Window

• World Coordinate System orientation and origin from CAD system

• For this situation, use “Define By: Components” in “Details” view. Then enter x, y, and/or z components for load

• (User-Defined Cartesian Coordinate Systemsmay also be used, as will be discussed later)


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– On the other hand, existing geometry can be referenced:• In the “Details” view, select “Define By: Vector” to use existing

geometry for vector orientation

• Three types of existing geometry can be used

– Normal to planar face or along axis of cylindrical face

– Along straight edge or normal to cylindrical edge

– Two vertices defining vector

• Click on “Direction” and select geometry used forvector orientation. If vector is pointing in opposite direction, use the arrows in the Graphics window to toggle the direction. Click on “Apply” when done.

• Enter magnitude for loading in “Magnitude.”


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… Mouse Controls

• At this point, it will be useful to review mouse controls in the Graphics Window:– The left mouse button is used to select geometric entities OR to

manipulate the graphics display

• Left mouse button behavior is controlled by Graphics Toolbar

• User can select items (vertex, edge, surface, body) or manipulate the view (rotate, pan, zoom in/out, box zoom)

• Select mode can be single-select or box-select

– In single-select mode, click-drag with left mouse button to “paint select” multiple items

– Use Ctrl-Left mouse button in single-select mode to select or unselect multiple entities

– In box-select mode, click-drag from left to right selects entities fully enclosed in bounding box

– In box-select mode, click-drag from right to left selects any entity partially enclosed in bounding box


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… Mouse Controls

– In select mode, the middle mouse button changes view• Click-drag middle mouse button to dynamically rotate model

• Shift-Middle mouse button pans model

• If present, the wheel can be used to zoom in/out

• (This way, user does not always have to toggle left mouse button between select mode and graphics manipulation mode)

– The right mouse button provides context-sensitive pop-up menu if clicked once in Graphics Window

• Click-drag right mouse button to box zoom in area of interest

• Click right mouse button once and select “Fit” to fit model in view

Single-click right mouse button provides context-sensitive pop-up menu

Click-drag right mouse button allows user to box-zoom in region


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… Applying Loads and Supports

• By taking advantage of the mouse controls, it can be relatively easy to apply a load (or support) to multiple faces– In example below, user can use Ctrl-left mouse button to

single-select surfaces (highlighted in green)

– Use of middle mouse button allows user to rotate model to more easily select certain surfaces in ‘back’ of model


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… Insert Results

• By selecting the Stress Branch template in the beginning, some results are already requested. However, the user can request other results, if needed.– By selecting “Insert Results” in the Stress Wizard, the callout

shows how to add results

Note that the “Solution” branch is now highlighted.

Because the “Solution” branch is selected, the Context toolbar and Details view changes.

Results, such as stress, strain, and deformation can be requested from the pull-down icons on the Context toolbar. New result items will then appear under the “Solution” branch.


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… Solving the Model

• After verifying materials, applying loads and supports, and inserting results, the model is ready to be solved.– Selection of “Solve” in the Stress Wizard produces a callout

showing the user that the lightning bolt icon is used to initiate a solution

Starting the solution will include automatically meshing the model if it has not been done so previously.

The solution may take a few minutes to a few hours, depending on how large the model is and the hardware used. A progress bar will be shown to indicate roughly how long the solution will take. The solution can also be stopped via the progress bar.


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… Solving the Model (ANSYS Details)

• For regular ANSYS users, it may be useful to note that the solution is performed in batch mode.– An ANSYS input file is generated, and the details of the Output

File can be viewed if a “Solution Information” result branch has been requested under the “Solution” branch

In Worksheet view of the “Solution Information” branch, the contents of the Output File will be updated with a frequency as specified in the Details view.

The location of the input file “ds.dat,” output file “solve.out,” and scratch files are located in the system TEMP directory by default.

This solver directory can be changed under “Tools > Options… > Simulation: Solution > Solver Working Directory”

Advanced ANSYS Details


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… View Results

• After the solution is complete, the user can View Results– The type of results is dependent on the analysis performed

– Contour, vector plots, and animations can be viewed

To view results, as the callout shows, the appropriate branch needs to be selected.


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… View Report

• In preparation for generating the HTML report, one can add figures and comments from the Standard Toolbar– Select a branch first, such as “Equivalent Stress”

– Then select the appropriate Standard Toolbar button:


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… View Report

• After adding any figures or comments, select “View Report”– Preliminary information can be entered, such as author name

– Select “Generate Report” to create HTML report

The HTML Report can be selected under the “Solution” branch via “Report Preview” tab, as the callout indicates.


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… View Report

• The HTML report will be displayed in Simulation– Comments and figures added will appear in the report

The HTML report generator includes all input and results associated with the simulation, providing complete documentation of the analysis.

This provides time-saving yet customizable report that can easily be generated by the user.


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… View Report

• Reports are always dynamically generated, so the user needs to save the report, otherwise it will be overwritten– The report can be “published” as HTML files in a different

directory or an internal web server, emailed, or sent to Microsoft Word or PowerPoint

The Appendix at the end of the HTML Report will show the location of the various files used to created the report.


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• Workshop 2 – Simulation Basics

• Goal:– Using the Stress Wizard, set up and solve a structural model

for stress, deflection and safety factor.

D. Workshop 2

Simulation Basics Chapter Two. Training Manual Simulation Basics March 29, 2005 Inventory #002215...

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Transcript of Simulation Basics Chapter Two. Training Manual Simulation Basics March 29, 2005 Inventory #002215...