Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation Interactions (SOLPIN)
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Transcript of Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation Interactions (SOLPIN)
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation Interactions (SOLPIN)
Bart Geerts, Jeff Snider, Zhien Wang, Jeff French, Perry Wechsler, Al Rodi, Bob Kelly …
Dept. of Atmospheric Science
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN - Motivation
• Cloudiness and precipitation in the Western USA are strongly modulated by the land surface – … at the same time clouds and precip exert much control on
the surface energy balance and vegetation types
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
Koster et al., Science 305, 1138 -1140 (2004)
Koster et al. (Science, 2004) shows that summertime land-atmosphere coupling is strong in the interior West
Shown is the {Omega} difference, a dimensionless diagnostic that describes the impact of soil moisture on precipitation, averaged across the 12 climate models participating in GLACE
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
Wintertime precipitation trend over the next 100 years remains highly uncertain
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN motivation: biosphere-precip coupling examples
• In summer certain ecosystems may release primary organic aerosols that can nucleate ice at unusually warm temperatures, and this can affect the dynamics and the precipitation efficiency of cumulus convection.
• Winter orographic precip appears to be strongly coupled with PBL turbulence, and possibly with surface vegetation. Also, the timing of the springtime snow melt-off and soil moisture spike relative to the onset of summertime quiescent conditions aloft may affect monsoon strength .
• The mean precip intensity may increase in a changing climate
scale dependency of water cycle in climate models
currentclimate
futureclimate
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN Motivation
• A better understanding of these processes is essential to – their incorporation in climate models– to the prediction of water resources in the West in a
warmer global climate
• Complexity of land surface – atmosphere interactions exceeds the capacity of a single discipline.
• Both focused observations and coupled numerical simulations are needed to move forward.
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN focus
• cloud and precipitation interactions, over timescales ranging from hours to decades.
• dual approach:– new measurement techniques– the improvement of cloud-resolving, coupled land-
atmosphere weather and climate models
• Geographic focus: Western USA
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN building blocks
1. UW King Air– 95 GHz cloud radar (WCR)– cloud lidar (WCL)– PMS probes, PCASP, CCN/CN …
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN building blocks
1. UWKA: proposed new capabilities – water vapor / temperature Raman lidar (Zhien
Wang)
- temperature and water vapor @ (Dx~1 km, Dz~100 m) - cloud / aerosol backscatter coefficient, extinction, and depolarization ratio
ARM Raman lidar,22 December 2005
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN building blocks
1. UWKA: proposed new capabilities – in situ measurements : temperature, water
vapor, cloud and precipitation particles (Jeff French)• ice water content• riming intensity• in-cloud temperature and humidity• larger sample sizes for large particles
– better probe characterization and siting requires airframe flow modelling (Rodi, Mavriplis)
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN building blocks2. Aerosol measurements New aerosol probes needed for super-m particles (primary
biogenics and dust particles). For an existing technique (PCASP), the sample volume rate is orders of magnitude too small for useful super-m measurement.
New Aerosol Instruments:
Super-m aerosol lidar (infrared)
Bio-APS (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer)
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN building blocks
3. Two new decade-long initiatives at NCAR:
4. NCAR Supercomputing Center 5. The new Earth System Science (ESS) undergraduate
degree program at UW
Colorado Headwaters Research Program(Gochis & Rasmussen)
BEACHON (Guenther)
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN human infrastructure
• faculty position in cloud and precipitation modelling– work closely with UW observationalists and with NCAR– assimilate/ compare field campaign data
• SOLPIN links with other proposed faculty positions– Boundary-layer meteorologist – Dynamic-vegetation modeler
• SOLPIN links with the new WY Excellence Chair in Atmosphere-Biosphere Interaction
NSF EPSCoR - Simulation and Observation of Land-Precipitation INteractions
SOLPIN observational efforts: field campaigns
wintertime campaign – focused on orographic precipitation processes
• BEACHON campaign – during the growing season ?
• Colorado Headwaters campaign– early summer?
• continuous monitoring (with FoSTER)