Simple Organismspart 2Protist and Fungi

Oh Bacteria! Oh, lacking any nucleus, you do have a cell wall

You live in water, air, and soil, and anywhere at allYou reproduce by fission and you do so very fastAnd under harsh conditions in an endospore you last

Chorus: Oh bacteria though simple and so smallWithout you ecosystems would not function well at all

True or False Review Questions

Use thumbs up for True Use thumbs down for False1. The 3 Domains of prokaryotes are

eukaryotic, archaea and bacteria.2. Protista can be multicellular, unicellular,

animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like and prokaryotic.

3.Viruses are living DNA particles that use host cells to reproduce in a process called the Lytic cycle.

A. Kingdom Protista

1. They are unicellular or simple multicellular organisms and all are eukaryotes (have a nucleus).

2. They can be plant-like (algae), animal-like, or fungus-like, depending on how they obtain food.

3. Some can reproduce sexually (through conjugation), asexually, or both.

Algae: Plant-like Protists

Description: 1. Contain chlorophyll

that captures the sun’s energy for photosynthesis

2. Most of the multicellular protist are algae

Examples: 1. Algae or seaweed 2. Diatoms 3. Volvox 4. Phytoplankton

Plant-like

Carrageenan

Diatoms

Euglena

Red Tide (algae bloom)

Protozoa: Animal-like Protists

Description: They eat other

organisms to obtain food

Ingest the food and break it down to obtain energy

All are single celled 

Examples: Paramecium (see

picture above) Ameoba

Ameoba

Animal-like Amoebae of Entamoeba histolytica, the

cause of amoebic dysentery in humans; Trypanosome brucei, a flagellate

protozoan causing sleeping sickness in humans

Decomposers: Fungus-like ProtistsDescription: Absorb food from

their surroundings Mold—any organism

with a fuzzy-looking growth

Helps organisms decay into nutrients for plants and animals.

Examples: Water mold Slime mold Plasmodial slime

mold

Fungus-like

Scrambled EggSlime mold

Dog VomitSlime mold

Water Mold

Pretzel Plasmodial Slime Mold

How do these devices help Protist obtain food? (Pg 34)

Cilia Helps it move around and sweeps food

towards its mouthFlagella Helps it move around Flexible cells Cell oozes or spreads out and wraps

around its food

How are they helpful? Provide food for

many small organism Provides oxygen for

a variety of animals Used in Toothpastes

–diatomaceous earth Used as a thickener

in chocolate milk and ice cream--carrageenan

How are they harmful? Cause Malaria which

destroys red blood cells

Causes other diseases

B. Kingdom Fungi

1. Fungi are eukaryotic consumers, but they do not eat.

2. Most fungi obtain nutrients by secreting digestive juices into a food source, then absorbing the dissolved substances.

3. Fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae that grow together to form a mycelium (like roots).

hyphae

Reproduction Reproduce using spores They are released into the environment

and spread by the wind They begin to grow when water and food

are available

spores

Mushrooms Filled with hyphae (that is what you eat) Largest type of fungi Spores are produced in the cap (top) Many mushrooms are poisonous

Mushroom

Molds

Fuzzy appearance Can be helpful and harmful Penicillin comes from a mold Used to make cheeses

Molds

Yeast

Mostly single-cellular fungiGrows in moist

environmentsUsed in making bread rise

Yeast

Lichen

Symbiosis between the Protist Algae and hyphae of a Fungi

The hyphae forms a sandwich around the algae, which produce sugar and other nutrients for the fungus

Lichen

How are they helpful? They are decomposers that recycles

nutrients back into the environment As a food source Make certain foods, soy sauce, cheese Creates stonewashed jeans

How are they harmful? Can produce toxins or harmful chemicals Allergens Potato Famine, Athletes foot, Dutch elm

disease, powdery white mildew