Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice
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Transcript of Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice
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Lead-Acid Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 1
![Page 2: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
1. Benefit of the Model
2. Model Feature
3. Concept of the Model
4. Parameter Settings
5. Lead-Acid Battery Specification (Example)
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=3
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=3
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 2
![Page 3: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Lead-
Acid battery runtime and circuit performance.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own Lead-Acid battery
specifications by editing a few parameters that are provided in the
datasheet.
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the
simulation time.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 3
![Page 4: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• This Lead-Acid Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a Lead-Acid Battery as a part of their system.
• The model accounts for Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level
(SOC) Characteristic, so it can perform battery charge and discharge time at
various current rate conditions.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.
2. Model Feature
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 4
![Page 5: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3. Concept of the Model
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 5
Lead-Acid battery
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
[Spec: C, NS]
Adjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ]
+
-
• The model is characterized by parameters: C which represent the battery
capacity and SOC which represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog
behavioral model (ABM).
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Lead-acid cells are in series
to increase battery voltage level.
Output Characteristics
![Page 6: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1NS = 1
TSCALE = 1C = 50
4. Parameter Settings
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 1, 50, or 100 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a full charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world) into a
second(in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real world) into a second(in simulation), TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second.
• From the Lead-Acid Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting
parameters C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 6
Model Parameters:
(Default values)
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-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1
NS = 1
TSCALE = 1
C = 50
5. Lead-Acid Battery Specification (Example)
• The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE Series of GS YUASA.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 7
Battery capacity
[Typ.] is input as a
model parameter
Nominal Voltage 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
Capacity 50Ah
Rated Charge 0.1C10A
Voltage Set 2.23 [Vdc] /Cell
Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
![Page 8: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(X_U1.SOC) 2 V(HI) 3 I(IBATT)/50
0V
0.2V
0.4V
0.6V
0.8V
1.0V
1.2V
1.4V1
1.9V
2.0V
2.1V
2.2V
2.3V
2.4V
2.5V
2.6V2
0A
30mA
60mA
90mA
120mA
150mA
180mA
210mA3
>>
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 0NS = 1
TSCALE = 3600C = 50
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 8
• Charging Time: 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
(hour)
Measurement Simulation
SOC=0 means
battery start from 0%
of capacity (empty)
Current: 5A (0.1C10A)
Voltage: 2.23V
![Page 9: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PARAMETERS:rate = 0.1CAh = 50
0
Vin
2.23VIBATT
0
C110n
HI
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )
0
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 0NS = 1
TSCALE = 3600C = 50
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 24 0 25m
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 9
Charge Voltage
A constant current charger at
rate of capacity (e.g. 150A)
1 hour into a second
(in simulation)
![Page 10: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1NS = 1
TSCALE = 3600C = 50
Time
10ms 100ms 1.0s 10s 100s
V(HI)
1.4V
1.6V
1.8V
2.0V
2.2V
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 10
(hour)
Measurement Simulation
SOC=1 means
battery start from
100% of capacity
0.1C10A
0.23C10A
0.65C10A
1.0C10A
![Page 11: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
HI
0
00IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )GVALUE
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1CAh = 50
C1
10n
sense
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1NS = 1
TSCALE = 3600C = 50
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 10 0.02 25m
.STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.1, 0.23, 0.65, 1
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 11
A constant current discharger at
rate of capacity (e.g. 150A) TSCALE turns 1 hour into a second(in
simulation), battery starts from 100%
of capacity (fully charged)
![Page 12: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
-0.200.20.40.60.81
Cell
Vo
ltag
e [V
]
Capacity [%]
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1NS = 1
TSCALE = 3600C = 50
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 1 2 3
(% o
f R
ate
d C
apacity
)
Discharge Rate (Multiples of C)
Mesurement
Simulation
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 12
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0V
• Capacity: 50Ah
0.1C10A
Measurement Simulation
Simulation
0.25C10A
0.6C10A
1.0C10A
[0-100%]
@25C
![Page 13: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.1CAh = 50
HI
0
00
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )GVALUE
C1
10n
sense
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1NS = 1
TSCALE = 3600C = 50
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 13
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 9.898 0 100m
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
A constant current
discharger at rate of
capacity (e.g. 150A)
1 hour into a second
(in simulation)
![Page 14: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1NS = 3
TSCALE = 3600C = 100
Voltage - Rated 6.0 [Vdc] /Cell
Capacity 100Ah
Rated Charge 0.1C10A
Voltage Set 2.23V*3 [Vdc] /Cell
Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
• The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE-100-6
of GS YUASA.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 14
The number of cells
in series is input as
a model parameter
Basic Specification
Lead-Acid needs
3 cells to reach
this voltage level
0.2
6
Acid-Lead
VoltageNominal
RatedVoltageNS
![Page 15: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(X_U1.SOC) 2 V(HI) 3 I(IBATT)/100
0V
0.2V
0.4V
0.6V
0.8V
1.0V
1.2V
1.4V1
5.7V
6.0V
6.3V
6.6V
6.9V
7.2V
7.5V
7.8V2
0A
30mA
60mA
90mA
120mA
150mA
180mA
210mA3
>>
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=3
• Charging Current: 10A (0.1C10A)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 15
(hour)
The battery needs 24 hours to be fully charged
Charge Current: 10A (0.1C10A)
Charge Voltage: 6.69V
![Page 16: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PARAMETERS:rate = 0.1CAh = 100
0
Vin
6.69VIBATT
0
C110n
HI
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )
0
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 0NS = 3
TSCALE = 3600C = 100
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=3
Simulation Circuit and Setting
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 24 0 25m
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 16
Charge Voltage
1 hour into a second
(in simulation)
![Page 17: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Time
10ms 100ms 1.0s 10s 100s
V(HI)
4.2V
4.8V
5.4V
6.0V
6.6V
• Voltage - Rated: 6.0V
• Discharging Current: 10A(0.1C), 23A(0.23C), 65A(0.65C), 100A(1.0C)
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=3
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 17
(hour)
0.1C10A
0.25C10A
0.6C10A
1.0C10A
![Page 18: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=3 Simulation Circuit and Setting
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 10 0.02 25m
.STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.1, 0.23, 0.65, 1
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 18
Parametric sweep “rate”
for multiple rate
discharge simulation
1 hour into a second
(in simulation)
HI
0
00
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )GVALUE
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1CAh = 100
C1
10n
sense
-+
U1
LEAD-ACID_BATTERY
SOC = 1NS = 3
TSCALE = 3600C = 100
![Page 19: Simple Model of Lead-Acid Battery Model using PSpice](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042504/553893f14a7959437c8b47ae/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 19
Simulations Folder name
1. Charge Time Characteristic.................................
2. Discharge Time Characteristic.............................
3. Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic..................................
4. Charge Time Characteristic, NS=3.......................
5. Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=3...................
Charge_Time
Discharge_Time
Discharge_SOC
Charge_Time(NS)
Discharge_Time(NS)