Simple Machines. What are the 6 simple machines? Inclined plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel & Axle...
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Transcript of Simple Machines. What are the 6 simple machines? Inclined plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel & Axle...
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Simple Machines
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What are the 6 simple
machines?•Inclined plane
•Wedge
•Screw
•Lever
•Wheel & Axle
•Pulley
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MACHINE•Def: A device that allows you to do work in a way that is easier.
•Sent.: They have agreed to rely primarily on the use of the six simple machines to accomplish their mission.
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MACHINE
•Sp: máquina
•Discuss in your group different machines.
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HOW DOES A MACHINE MAKE WORK EASIER?
•Change the amount of force you exert
•Change the distance over which you exert your force.
•Change the direction in which you exert your force.
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INPUT FORCE•Def.: The force exerted on a machine
•Sent.: Machines such as the car jack, the ramp, the crow bar, and the claw hammer make work easier by making the output force greater than the input force.
•Sp.: fuerza aplicada
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OUTPUT FORCE•Def.: The force exerted on an object by a machine.
•Sent.: Machines such as the car jack, the ramp, the crow bar, and the claw hammer make work easier by making the output force greater than the input force.
•Sp.: fuerza desarrollada
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INPUT WORK•Def.: The work done on a machine as the input force acts through the input distance.
•Sent.: For such an ideal machine, the input work would equal the output work.
•Sp.: trabajo aportado
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OUTPUT WORK•Def.: The work done by a machine as the output force acts through the output distance.
•Sent.: For such an ideal machine, the input work would equal the output work.
•Sp.: trabajo producido
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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
•Def.: Number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it.
•Sent.: The mechanical advantage of a machine without friction is called the ideal mechanical advantage, or IMA.
•Sp.: ventaja mecánica
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Mechanical Advantage = Output force ÷ Input force
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If the machine increases force
then the mechanical advantage will be greater than 1.
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If the machine increases distance then the mechanical advantage will be
less than 1.
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If the machine changes the
direction then the mechanical
advantage will be 1.
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Simple Machines
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Inclined Plane
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Inclined Plane•Def.: Flat, sloped surface
•Sent.: An inclined plane allows you to exert your input force over a longer distance.
•Sp.: plano inclinado
•Discuss with your table different types of ramps.
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Inclined Plane•How it works: increases the distance the input force has to go.
•IMA = length of incline ÷ height of incline
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Direct Relationship
•Def.: When both variable either increase or decrease
•Sent.: Is the relationship direct or indirect?
•Sp.: relación directa
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Indirect Relationship
•Def.: When one variable increases, the other decreases
•Sent.: Is the relationship direct or indirect?
•Sp.: relación indirecta
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Wedge
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Taper•Def.: to become smaller or thinner toward one end. .
•Sent.: A wedge is a device that is thick on one end and tapers to a thin edge on the other end
•Sp.: disminución gradua•What are different things that taper?
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Wedge•Def.: a device that is thick on one end and tapers to a thin edge on the other end.
•Sent.: That force pushes the wedge down into the wood.
•Sp.: cuña•With your table make a list of at least 5 different wedges. Raise your hand when you have your list.
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Wedge•Two inclined planes back to back
•How it works: The wedge moves exerting an output force at a 90° angle
•IMA = length of wedge ÷ width of wedge
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Screw
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Thread•Def.: a helical groove in a cylindrical hole ( female thread ), formed by a tap or lathe tool, or a helical ridge on a cylindrical bar, rod, shank, etc ( male thread ), formed by a die or lathe tool
•Kid def.: A twisting raised area around a cylinder or inside a round hole.
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Thread•Sent.: Record the effort force, the distance lifted and the thread density for 5 tests
•Sp.: tema•Discussion: Is a screw with threads closer together have a higher or lower thread density?
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Screw•Def.: An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder creating spirals called threads.
•Sent.: Like a wedge, a screw is a simple machine that is related to the inclined plane.
•Sp.: tornillo•Discussion: Are there different types of screws? If so, what are they?
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Screw
•How it works: Threads increase the distance over which you exert input force.
•The output force pulls the screw into the material. Friction holds it in place.
•IMA = length around the threads ÷ length of screw
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Levers
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Lever•Def: A rigid bar that is free to pivot (rotate.)
•Kid Def.: A stiff bar that can rotate freely
•Sent.: What are the advantages of using a lever to lift this stone?
•Sp.: palanca•Disc.: What levers do you use every day?
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Fulcrum•Def.: The fixed point that a lever pivots around.
•Sent.: Predict fulcrum placements which will not be successful.
•Sp.: fulcro
•Disc.: What types of things can be a fulcrum?
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3 Types of Levers
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1st Class Lever•How it works: Changes direction of input force
•If fulcrum is closer to output force, also increases force.
•If fulcrum is closer to input force, also increases distance.
•Calculating IMA:
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1st Class Lever •Ex. paint can opener, scissors
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2nd Class Lever
•How it works: Increases force but doesn’t change direction.
•Calculating IMA:
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2nd Class Lever•Ex.: Wheel barrow, doors, nutcrackers
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3rd Class Lever•How it works: Increases distance but doesn’t change direction.
•Calculating IMA:
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3rd Class Lever•Ex. Hockey stick, shovel, fishing pole
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Wheel & Axle
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Radius•Def.: a straight line extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or surface
•Sent.: As the radius of the wheel increases, what happens to its circumference?
•Sp.: radio
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Regulate•Def.: To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law.
•Sent.: The crew's final task at this location is to construct a device to regulate the flow of water through the irrigation canals.
•Sp.: ajustar
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Wheel & Axle•Def.: Made of 2 circular/cylindrical objects fastened together that rotate around a common axis.
•Object with larger radius is wheel, and smaller radius is axle.
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Wheel & Axle•How it works: Increases your force by going a longer distance.
•Calculating IMA: IMA = radius of wheel ÷ radius of axle
•Ex.: door knob, car wheel & axle, steering wheel, windmill, water wheel
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Wheel & Axle
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Pulleys
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Pulleys•Def.: A grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it.
•Sent.: As the number of supporting ropes on the pulley increases, what happens to the length of rope that must be pulled to lift the stone into place?
•Sp.: polea•Disc.: What pulleys have you seen?
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Pulleys•How it works: Pulling on rope (input force )causes an object to move up.
•It can decrease the amount of input force needed and it can change direction of input force.
•IMA = number of sections of rope that support object
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Types of Pulleys
•Fixed – •How it works: changes direction of the force
•Def.: Pulley is attached to an object
•IMA = 1
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Types of Pulleys
•Movable – •How it works: decreases amount of input force needed, doesn’t change direction
•Pulley isn’t attached•IMA = 2
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Types of Pulleys•Block and Tackle –
•Def.: made of fixed and moveable pulleys
•How it works: Decreases amount of input force needed
•IMA = 3
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Compound Machines
•Def.: A machine that utilizes two or more simple machines.
•IMA = product of the individual IMA of each simple machine that makes up compound machine.
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Simple Machines in the Body
•At joints are levers - muscles are input force, and output force does the work
•Teeth are wedges