Simon Fraser University PolyLAB SFU Wireless Communications Standards and Systems R&D Results from a...

Simon Fraser University PolyLABSimon Fraser University PolyLAB

SFU Wireless Communications SFU Wireless Communications Standards and Systems R&DStandards and Systems R&DResults from a Decade of Planetary Analogue Results from a Decade of Planetary Analogue Exploration Studies and Ongoing R&D with Exploration Studies and Ongoing R&D with Partners Partners

Steve Braham, Steve Braham, Director, PolyLAB, Simon Fraser University Telematics Director, PolyLAB, Simon Fraser University Telematics

Research LaboratoryResearch Laboratory

Contact: [email protected]: [email protected]


SFU Study-Derived Surface Exploration SFU Study-Derived Surface Exploration Communications RequirementsCommunications Requirements

Meeting the communications and data requirements for Meeting the communications and data requirements for exploration missions will not be simple;exploration missions will not be simple; Complex topography on planetary surfaces, physics-drivenComplex topography on planetary surfaces, physics-driven Non-line of Sight required on surface and on spacecraftNon-line of Sight required on surface and on spacecraft Multipath environment, inside and outside habitat and spacecraftMultipath environment, inside and outside habitat and spacecraft Complex On-board Spacecraft data requirements, during transit and on Complex On-board Spacecraft data requirements, during transit and on

surfacesurface Quality of Service requirements with integrated, layered, systemsQuality of Service requirements with integrated, layered, systems Require appropriate protocols, computing, and communications solutions, Require appropriate protocols, computing, and communications solutions,

lots of them, with well-understood behaviourlots of them, with well-understood behaviour Multi-layered Systems architecture neededMulti-layered Systems architecture needed

Believe that must meet requirements Believe that must meet requirements using COTS technologiesusing COTS technologies


Haughton-Mars ProjectHaughton-Mars Project

One of the two largest terrestrial planetary analogue research One of the two largest terrestrial planetary analogue research project (other is Desert RATS);project (other is Desert RATS);

Project Leader/US PI: Pascal Lee (NASA/SETI Institute/Mars Project Leader/US PI: Pascal Lee (NASA/SETI Institute/Mars Institute);Institute);

Chief Field Engineer and Associate Director: Steve Braham Chief Field Engineer and Associate Director: Steve Braham (SFU);(SFU);

HSF and Robotics work in an analogue environment;HSF and Robotics work in an analogue environment; NASA cooperative agreement (SETI Institute & Mars Institute)NASA cooperative agreement (SETI Institute & Mars Institute) http://www.marsonearth.org/


Moon, Mars, NEOs, on Devon IslandMoon, Mars, NEOs, on Devon Island Canadian High ArcticCanadian High Arctic Twenty km Crater– Twenty km Crater– CLOSE ANALOGUE TO SHACKLETON CLOSE ANALOGUE TO SHACKLETON

CRATERCRATER Moon-like, Mars-like, NEO areas, Phobos and Deimos Moon-like, Mars-like, NEO areas, Phobos and Deimos

analogue – any short-term HSF destination;analogue – any short-term HSF destination; Decade of OperationsDecade of Operations Exploration technology studies - Spacesuits, robotic rovers, Exploration technology studies - Spacesuits, robotic rovers,

human rovers, greenhouses / autonomous life-support, human rovers, greenhouses / autonomous life-support, mission operations comms and more – mission ops to NASA mission operations comms and more – mission ops to NASA JSC, CSA PTOC, NASA Ames, ISUJSC, CSA PTOC, NASA Ames, ISU

End-to-End emulated network delays, using COTS protocols End-to-End emulated network delays, using COTS protocols and applications to handle disconnections, reliability, etcand applications to handle disconnections, reliability, etc

Copper, Fiber, Wireless, Satcom, all fully integratedCopper, Fiber, Wireless, Satcom, all fully integrated


Moonbase-like Configuration driven by Moonbase-like Configuration driven by Arctic Exploration Needs (not “simulation”)Arctic Exploration Needs (not “simulation”)


Complex Desert Terrain on Devon IslandComplex Desert Terrain on Devon Island


Large Reflectors in a Moon-like (and Mars-Large Reflectors in a Moon-like (and Mars-like) environment – Multipath!like) environment – Multipath!


ResultsResults 1999: Demonstrated multipath (ISI) dominant problem for high-speed planetary comms, 1999: Demonstrated multipath (ISI) dominant problem for high-speed planetary comms,

deployed COTS (DSSS-based) solution for up to 20 km coverage;deployed COTS (DSSS-based) solution for up to 20 km coverage; ISI and FSF important: Deep Doppler fades critical for Narrowband Comms;ISI and FSF important: Deep Doppler fades critical for Narrowband Comms;

2000: Tested use of deterministic wireless vs. non-deterministic;2000: Tested use of deterministic wireless vs. non-deterministic; 2000-onwards: deployment of standard IP protocols capable of handling long-latency and 2000-onwards: deployment of standard IP protocols capable of handling long-latency and

disconnection – using delay emulator up to Jovian delays;disconnection – using delay emulator up to Jovian delays; 2001: Tests of spacesuit comms (heads-up notes/procedures, nav) via layered wireless 2001: Tests of spacesuit comms (heads-up notes/procedures, nav) via layered wireless

networking, including WiFi to suit – end to end comms;networking, including WiFi to suit – end to end comms; 2001-onwards: Deployed OFDM-based solutions for long-range comms (Wi-LAN solutions 2001-onwards: Deployed OFDM-based solutions for long-range comms (Wi-LAN solutions

close to IEEE 802.16/WiMAX PHY);close to IEEE 802.16/WiMAX PHY); 2001-onwards: ZigBee (mainly interference);2001-onwards: ZigBee (mainly interference); 2004-onwards: Tests using large rovers (HMMWV);2004-onwards: Tests using large rovers (HMMWV); 2004-onwards: Full VOIP of VHF comms back to Mission Control Centers2004-onwards: Full VOIP of VHF comms back to Mission Control Centers 2000-onwards: Robotics comms tests;2000-onwards: Robotics comms tests; 2009-onwards: WiMAX;2009-onwards: WiMAX; 2010: Observed problems caused by lack of traffic shaping from bursty protocols from robotic 2010: Observed problems caused by lack of traffic shaping from bursty protocols from robotic

rover work.rover work.


Exploration Networking for Traverses: Exploration Networking for Traverses: Layered Networking ConceptLayered Networking Concept

Communication Communication system for traverse-system for traverse-capable planetary capable planetary operations;operations;

Resulted from HMP Resulted from HMP learning experience;learning experience;

Concept of layered Concept of layered exploration exploration networking based on networking based on COTS technologies;COTS technologies;

Same concepts Same concepts entered ESA entered ESA Wireless Dossier Wireless Dossier and Constellationand Constellation


Next-Generation CommsNext-Generation Comms ““As part of the Canadian Government 2009 Economic Action As part of the Canadian Government 2009 Economic Action

Plan, an investment of 110MS is being done in space Plan, an investment of 110MS is being done in space exploration to develop terrestrial prototypes of rovers for exploration to develop terrestrial prototypes of rovers for Moon and Mars and of other advanced technologies required Moon and Mars and of other advanced technologies required for space exploration. Around 45% of this investment is being for space exploration. Around 45% of this investment is being used to develop a new generation of the Canadarm while the used to develop a new generation of the Canadarm while the rest will push forward mobility and associated technologies”;rest will push forward mobility and associated technologies”;

Next-Generation Comms: MDA and SFU building prototype Next-Generation Comms: MDA and SFU building prototype based on SFU general architecture concepts;based on SFU general architecture concepts; Also been modeling propagation problems for extreme Also been modeling propagation problems for extreme

high-speed comms via SUI and SUIT models.high-speed comms via SUI and SUIT models.

Satellite Systems

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MDAMontreal

Anik A - 1972

Alouette 1962

NASA Relay 1962

Anik C - 1983

Radarsat I - 1995

Int’l Space Station - 2002

Radarsat 2 - 2006

MSAT - 1995 Inmarsat Feeds - 2005

RCA LimitedGovt & Commercial Systems Division

1928

RCA LimitedGovt & Commercial Systems Division

1928

Northern TelecomSatellite Division

1977

Northern TelecomSatellite Division

1977

Spar AerospaceLimited

1977

Spar AerospaceLimited

1977

EMS Technologies Inc.

1999

EMS Technologies Inc.

19992005

2005

Satellite Systems

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

Satellite Systems

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Project Objectives

• Develop and test a terrestrial prototype of a surface communication network in support of the CSA Exploration Surface Mobility Projects

• Retire the risks associated with the development of a surface communication network by integrating terrestrial equipment

• Integrate and test a complete prototype communications network that will ultimately support relevant analogue deployment scenarios corresponding to future potential space exploration missions

• Bring terrestrial WIFI/WIMAX technologies from TRL-3 to TRL-4.

Satellite Systems

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Technical Overview/Requirements

• Lunar Network Elements– 802.16e Base Station and CPE (Caveat: fully

compliant 802.16e matching requirements not available yet)

– 802.11n Routers and Terminals Mimo Antenna– 802.15 PANs Stations

• Desired Achievement– Provide Network Elements

Satellite Systems

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Technical Description

Satellite Systems

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Similar to NASA Scenario• Local Network (Short Term solution)

– 802.11 WLan network• NASA Lunar Surface Requirements (L.Foore and Al., 2009)

– 802.16e with future amendments (802.16j etc…)– UDP/IPv6– EVA needs: 4 (sorties missions) to 6 (outposts) Assets with Real-

Time, Voice, Data Video, Telemetry and HDTV– Direct Suite-to-Suite Intercommunication capability (multicast)– Data rates (Biomed, 37kbps,Voice channels 1.3Mbps, 4 Standard

Video 5.6Mbit) aggregate of 6.9Mbps– QoS– 1W Human isotropic Radio Maximum

• PAN– 802.15 Based PAN (TBD)

• UHF/VHF Backup– Radio Voice Communication


Pressing Critical Issues for Wireless CommsPressing Critical Issues for Wireless Comms Increasing data rates for return-links cannot easily be matched on surface;Increasing data rates for return-links cannot easily be matched on surface; Next-surface links (1m) often 300 times slower than high links (100m knife-Next-surface links (1m) often 300 times slower than high links (100m knife-

edge), another factor of 10 worse if mobile. Hard to achieve 10 Mbps on edge), another factor of 10 worse if mobile. Hard to achieve 10 Mbps on surface mobile wireless links (IMT-Advanced targets) but more than 600 surface mobile wireless links (IMT-Advanced targets) but more than 600 Mbps possible in special long-range links at tall-building altitude;Mbps possible in special long-range links at tall-building altitude;

Network protocols used must be amenable to traffic-shaping;Network protocols used must be amenable to traffic-shaping; Network management for complex emerging networks?Network management for complex emerging networks? WiMAX R6 protocols a problem in repeaters (fixed in next version of WiMAX R6 protocols a problem in repeaters (fixed in next version of

WiMAX);WiMAX); Internet protocol implementations can be an issue at extreme high-speed Internet protocol implementations can be an issue at extreme high-speed

(small packet buffers, etc), especially with bursty systems (now applying this (small packet buffers, etc), especially with bursty systems (now applying this to suborbital science mission concepts);to suborbital science mission concepts);

WiMAX or LTE?WiMAX or LTE? Wideband or Narrowband at low data-rates (FSF)?Wideband or Narrowband at low data-rates (FSF)? Field Test Concepts (but infrastructure goes as multipath^4)!Field Test Concepts (but infrastructure goes as multipath^4)!

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