Similarities and differences between developing countries and Australia Chapter 8.2.
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Transcript of Similarities and differences between developing countries and Australia Chapter 8.2.
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Similarities and differences between developing countries and
AustraliaChapter 8.2
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The Global Burden of Disease study• First study in 1990- looks at health effects of more
than 100 diseases and injuries for eight regions of the world.
• GBD study includes:• causes of death (mortality);• disease incidence, prevalence disability
(morbidity); • burden of disease (DALYs).• http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/global_burd
en/facts/en/index.html
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Life expectancy
• Revision:• Life expectancy at birth is the average number
of years a newborn can expect to live if existing mortality patterns continue over an individual’s Lifetime
• health adjusted life expectancy (HALE) is a measure of the expected number of years to be lived in the equivalent of ‘full health’.
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Mortality
• Mortality statistics give a very general picture of the number of deaths around the world.
• indicators used:• infant mortality rate (for infants under 12
months of age• under-five mortality rate (U5MR)• maternal mortality ratio (MMR).• Adult mortality
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Mortality
• During 2008, an estimated 57 million people died.
• In high-income countries more than two thirds of all people live beyond the age of 70 and predominantly die of chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancers, diabetes or dementia. Lung infection remains the only leading infectious cause of death.
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• In low-income countries less than one in five of all people reach the age of 70, and more than a third of all deaths are among children under 15. People predominantly die of infectious diseases: lung infections, diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth together continue to be leading causes of death, claiming the lives of both infants and mothers.
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The 10 leading causes of death by broad income group (2008)
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Middle income
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High income
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What are the main differences between richand poor countries with respect to causes of
death?
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• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index1.html
• Read page 270- 274
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Differences between rich and poor countries with respect to causes of death?
High income country Medium income Low income
More than two-thirds of all people live beyond the ageof 70.
nearly half of all peoplelive to the age of 70.
less than a quarter of allpeople reach the age of 70
Leading cause of death : CVD, COPD,diabetes and dementia.
tuberculosis and road traffic accidents are top 10 leading causes of death
more than a thirdof all deaths are among children under the ageof 14.
Nine out of the 10 leading causes of deathare non-communicable conditions
infectious diseases,including lung infections, diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.
Complications ofpregnancy and childbirth together continue to beleading causes of death
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Child mortality
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Child mortality
• More than 8 million deaths in 2008 were among children under five years of age, and 99% of them were in low- and middle-income countries.
• Almost one in five deaths in the world was of a child under the age of five years.
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Child mortality
• Pg 277