SIMD.js: Bringing the Full Power of Modern Hardware to JavaScript

Ivan JibajaJune 2015

Workshop on Parallelism in Mobile Platforms – PRISM

JS Performance

JavaScript

1995

Video courtesy Mozilla (https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/03/12/mozilla-and-epic-preview-unreal-engine-4-running-in-firefox/)

2015

3

4

JavaScript Performance Improvements2012 - 2014

Dec-2012 Jul-2013 Mar-2014 Sep-2014

Octane Score0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Image courtesy Mozilla (http://arewefastyet.com/)

Be

tte

r

Achieving ~ 1.5x native running time via targeting asm.js†, a highly optimizable subset

of JavaScript

Approaching Native Speeds

† Courtesy of Alon Zakai & Luke Wagner: http://people.mozilla.org/~lwagner/gdc-pres/gdc-2014.html#/

5

Emscripten

JavaScript

LLVM Bitcode

Native Source

What’s next and how we can get there?

6

Over 1M lines of C/C++ code compiled to JavaScript* by Mozilla* and Epic

Unreal Engine 3 Demo VideoUnreal Engine 4 Demo Video

Epic* Games Unreal Engine* 4

Image courtesy Mozilla (https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/03/12/mozilla-and-epic-preview-unreal-engine-4-running-in-firefox/)

Architectural Scene

Transistor CountsLog Scale†

Clock RatesLog Scale†

Microprocessor Trends – “Free Lunch” is Over!

8

• Growth in processor clock rate halted around 2005

• Transistors per processor continues to grow exponentially

† (c) 2013, James Reinders and Jim Jeffers: Intel® Xeon Phi™ High-Performance Programming, used with permission.

Image courtesy ARM (http://www.arm.com/images/A9-osprey-hres.jpg)

Core

Core

Vector

Vector

ARM’s Cortex A9

Transistors Division

9

Web Runtimes

Optimizing Web Runtimes for Parallelism

11

11

JavaScript* Engine

Parser

Layout Engine

RenderingEngine

Optimizing Web Runtimes for Parallelism

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JavaScript* Engine

• JS lacks language level parallelism

• Web runtimes of today are not scalable with number of cores

• Need parallelism for responsiveness and energy efficiency

SIMD.js

Cw

Cx

Cy

Cz

Bw

Bx

By

Bz

Aw

Ax

Ay

Az

+ =

SIMD – Single Instruction, Multiple Data

† Intel® Architecture currently has SIMD operations of vector length 4, 8, 16

14

Scalar Operations

Cx=Ax Bx+

Cy=Ay By+

Cz=Az Bz+

Cw=Aw Bw+

SIMD Operation of Vector Length 4 †

SIMD operations deliver great performance & power efficiency

SIMD in JavaScriptDesign Goals

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1. Portability

JS runs everywhere

2. Vector performance when vector hardware available

Guaranteed performance for developers

Always use vector hardware when available

3. Compiler implementation without automatic vectorization technology to attain vector performance

Ease of adoption – multiple JS engines

Guaranteed performance for developers

16

SIMD.js: Bringing SIMD to JavaScript

Polyfill API: https://github.com/johnmccutchan/ecmascript_simd

float32x4, int32x4, ...

Constructors: float32x4(x,y,z,w) float32x4.splat(s)

Operations: abs, neg, add, sub, mul, div, clamp, min, max, reciprocal, reciprocalSqrt, scale, sqrt,

shuffle, shuffleMix, equal, notEqual, lessThan, greaterThan , withX, withY …

Status: Stage 2 approval for inclusion in ES2016 (ES7) by TC39†

In Firefox* Nightly, in Microsoft Edge*, prototyped in Chromium*

Industrial Collaborators: Intel, Mozilla*, Google*, Microsoft*, ARM*

† A copy of the TC39 Presentation: http://esdiscuss.org/notes/2014-07/simd-128-tc39.pdf

3DB5BCBE 222 ff3424 push [esp]3DB5BCC1 225 89442404 mov [esp+0x4],eax3DB5BCC5 229 ff75e8 push [ebp-0x18]3DB5BCC8 232 ba02000000 mov edx,000000023DB5BCCD 237 8b7c2408 mov edi,[esp+0x8];; call .getAt() 3DB5BCD1 241 e84a24fcff call 3DB1E120 3DB5BCD6 246 8b75fc mov esi,[ebp-0x4]3DB5BCD9 249 890424 mov [esp],eax3DB5BCDC 252 ba04000000 mov edx,000000043DB5BCE1 257 8b7c240c mov edi,[esp+0xc];; call .add() 3DB5BCE5 261 e876fdffff call 3DB5BA60 3DB5BCEA 266 8b75fc mov esi,[ebp-0x4]3DB5BCED 269 83c404 add esp,0x43DB5BCF0 272 8945ec mov [ebp-0x14],eax

JIT Compiler Support

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sum = SIMD.float32x4.add(sum, f32x4list.getAt(i));

3DB5E306 358 0f101cc6 movups xmm3,[esi+eax*8]3DB5E30A 362 0f58d3 addps xmm2,xmm3

SIMD.js code

V8 Full CodegenCompiler

JIT compiler support:

Type SpeculationUnboxingInlining

Optimized Code

JIT Compiler Support

18

UnboxingInliningType Speculation

sum = SIMD.float32x4.add(sum, f32x4list.getAt(i));

3DB5E306 358 0f101cc6 movups xmm3,[esi+eax*8]3DB5E30A 362 0f58d3 addps xmm2,xmm3

SIMD.js - Example

19

function average(buffer) { var n = buffer.length; var sum = 0.0; for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {

sum += buffer[i]; } return sum / n;

}

function average(buffer) { var n = buffer.length/4; var sum = SIMD.float32x4.zero(); for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {

sum = SIMD.float32x4.add(sum,SIMD.float32x4.load(buffer,i));

} var total = SIMD.float32x4.extractLane(sum4, 0) +

SIMD.float32x4.extractLane(sum4, 1) +SIMD.float32x4.extractLane(sum4, 2) +SIMD.float32x4.extractLane(sum4, 3);

return total / (n * 4) ; }

SIMD.js – The API

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function mandelx4(c_re4, c_im4, max_iterations) {var z_re4 = c_re4;var z_im4 = c_im4;var four4 = SIMD.float32x4.splat (4.0);var two4 = SIMD.float32x4.splat (2.0);var count4 = SIMD.int32x4.splat (0);var one4 = SIMD.int32x4.splat (1);

for (var i = 0; i < max_iterations; ++i) {var z_re24 = SIMD.float32x4.mul (z_re4, z_re4);var z_im24 = SIMD.float32x4.mul (z_im4, z_im4);

var mi4 = SIMD.float32x4.lessThanOrEqual (SIMD.float32x4.add (z_re24, z_im24), four4);

// if all 4 values are greater than 4.0, there's no reason to continueif (mi4.signMask === 0x00) {break;

}

var new_re4 = SIMD.float32x4.sub (z_re24, z_im24);var new_im4 = SIMD.float32x4.mul (SIMD.float32x4.mul (two4, z_re4), z_im4);z_re4 = SIMD.float32x4.add (c_re4, new_re4);z_im4 = SIMD.float32x4.add (c_im4, new_im4);count4 = SIMD.int32x4.add (count4, SIMD.int32x4.and (mi4, one4));

}return count4;

}

3.23.6 3.8 3.9

4.65.0

6.0

9.5

3.2

3.83.4

6.16.5

5.05.6

11.8

6.8

3.12.7

4.54.2

3.8

5.4

9.3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

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Transpose4x4 AOBench Mandelbrot MatrixMultiplication VertexTransform Average ShiftRows Matrix4x4Inverse

SIMD x-times faster than non-SIMD

Excellent early results while still focused on functionality

3rd Generation Intel® Core™ i7 processor (3667U)@ 2.00 GHz, 32-bit, Ubuntu* 133rd Generation Intel® Core™ i7 processor (3667U)@ 2.00 GHz, 64-bit, Ubuntu* 13 Intel® Atom™ processor Z3770 @ 1.46GHz, Android* 4.4

SIMD.js benchmarks: https://github.com/johnmccutchan/ecmascript_simd/tree/master/src/benchmarks

SIMD Speedups on Chromium*

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SIMD speedup is nicely multiplied by WebWorkers†

† Source: Intel® Peter Jensen : https://github.com/PeterJensen/

SIMD.js demos: http://peterjensen.github.io/idf2014-simd

WW: Number of WebWorkers

Our Chromium* Prototype

Combining SIMD and Higher-Level Parallelism

22

$16 = HEAP32[$src >> 2] | 0;$i$02$i = 0;$sumx4$01$i = SIMD.float32x4.splat(0);$17 = $16 >> 4;do {$sumx4$01$i = SIMD.float32x4.add($sumx4$01$i,

HEAPF32x4[$17 + ($i$02$i >> 4)]);$i$02$i = $i$02$i + 4 | 0;

} while (($i$02$i | 0) < 1e4);HEAPF64[tempDoublePtr >> 3] =

($sumx4$01$i.w + ($sumx4$01$i.z +($sumx4$01$i.x + $sumx4$01$i.y))) / 1.0e4;

JavaScript*C/C++

float simdAverage(float *src, int len) {_m128 sumx4 = _mm_setzero_ps();

for (int i = 0; i < len; i+=4) {_m128 v = _mm_load_ps(src + i);sumx4 = _mm_add_ps(sumx4, v);

}float sumx4_mem[4];_mm_store_ps(sumx4_mem, sumx4);return (sumx4_mem[0] + sumx4_mem[1]

+ sumx4_mem[2] + sumx4_mem[3])/len;}

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Emscripten now targets SIMD.js

Emscripten brings native SIMD apps to the open web platform

1.00

2.03

7.188.13

0123456789

Speedup over Scalar JS

Speedup

Scalar JS Scalar C++

SIMD JS SIMD C++

Near-native SIMD.js speedup

Devices sense and perceive user actions in a natural way

Learning & Education 3D Scanning and Sharing

Scan it

Customize and Print itShare it

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Toward Perceptual Computing†

† Source: Intel® Perceptual Computing SDK: www.intel.com/software/perceptual

Gaming

Immersive Collaboration

Out-of-reach Device

Input

Speech

† W3C Media Capture Depth Stream Extensions: http://w3c.github.io/mediacapture-depth/

Web Application

Browser or HTML5 runtime

RGBStream

DepthStream

getUserMedia (WebRTC) API

25

25

3D Cameras Make Perceptual Computing Accessible

Media Capture Depth Stream Extensions are in W3C WG†

Embedded 3D Camera

navigator.getUserMedia({ video: true, depth: true }, success, failure);

function success(s) {

var video = document.querySelector(‘#video’);video.src = URL.createObjectURL(s);video.play();

// construct MediaStream from existing depth trackvar depthStream = new MediaStream(s.getDepthTracks());

// send the created depth stream over a RTCPeerConnectionvar peerConnection = new RTCPeerConnection(config);peerConnection.addStream(depthStream);

var depthVideo = document.querySelector(‘#depthVideo’);depthVideo.src = URL.createObjectURL(depthStream);depthVideo.play();}

Web: The Most Viable Cross-Platform Technology Today

and the Ubiquitous Application Platform of the Future

26

Big Data

Rich Capabilities and Content

SocialContextual

CrowdsourcedSensors“Things”

Visual, Perceptual, Full HW Access

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