Silvo-fishery & Carbon

Oleh Nyoman N. Suryadiputra

(Wetlands International Indonesia Programme)

What is silvo-fishery ?Can silvo-fishery practices gain carbon How is the results ? Any lessons can be learned ?How Aquaculture Certification related to mangroves ?

What is sylvo-fishery ??a fish/shrimp pond combined with mangrove trees- a

constructed wetland How many percent of pond area covered by trees ??What is the trees’ density ?? 2000 – 20,000 trees /haWhere the trees should be planted (type of sylvo-fishery pond) ?Why sylvo-fishery ? And what are the benefits ?

Single type

Mangroves + water

Farm land

Aquaculture media

Treated water for aquaculture media

effluent

Parallel type

Sylvo-fishery: DRR + Livelihood + Mitigate CC

A model being promoted in Banten Bay

DRR

• Vegetation surrounding pond (eg mangrove)• Artificial Feed (pellet)• Phytoplankton, algae & aquatic plants• Water (intake) • Diffusion from air• Respiration & decomposition , etc • Sediment removal (keduk teplok) from pond

bottom release GHG

Roles of mangrove trees in pond area

prevent soil slides from dykes (water quality control), biodiversity, shade, organic fertilizer, support green belt, climate mitigation & adaptation etc.

Silvo-fishery pond - Pemalang, Central Java

CAGARBUDAYAMARINA CULTURALPARKRESORTWISATAKULINERREKREASIAIRPELABUANHUNIANMIX-USE

Masterplan Banten Waterfront City

Bio Rights in Banten Bay : to protect water bird reserve & restored degraded ponds

500 Ha of re-greening area will potentially sequester 511,500 ton carbon Or 1,877,205 ton CO2

Eroded area

Mangrove Rehabilitation behind Pulau Dua Nature Reserve by WIIP 2009 – 2023 (Photo taken in March 2013)

Sediment trapping in front of Pulau Dua Reserve (photo 2012)

Accretion Land (sediment trapped using sand bags) colonized by Avicennia spp. in Banten Bay in 2014 Mangrove role in CCA & DRR & CC Mitigation

Mangroves roles from the certification perspective and land cover changes in relation to the release of carbon

A case study on farm’s environmental impact in Banyuwangi (East Java), Delta Mahakam (East Kalimantan) and Bone (South Sulawesi)

Back ground :

• Consumers demand safer product: (1) food safety; (2) farm’s environmental impact; (3) farm’s social impact

• 385 existing certification systems, incl. FT, organic, eco- , etc.• In aquaculture there are 27 (..we have identified so far)• Two of these were selected in our study :

1. Global GAP: non-Multi Stakeholder, third party (assessor), no label, food safety oriented

2. Aquaculture Stewardship Council: Multi Stakeholder, third party (assessor), label, environment and social impact oriented

Mangrove Relevancy to ASC – Global GAP.

Open Sea

River

River

River

pondsponds

pondsponds

pondsponds

pondsponds

Mandatory green belt (Presidential Decree no 32 year 1990). Total 70 ha, existing forest < 2 ha, 70 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated by planting mangrove

Mandatory riparian (Ministry of Public Works Decree no 63, year 1993 ). Total 270 ha, existing forest cover 105 ha around 165 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated.

Existing forested area inside farms, around 75 ha

ASC Principles:2.2 Protected Area and Critical Habitat2.4 Ecological Buffer, Barrier, and Corridors.

Global GAP Principles:5.8 Pond Management: vegetative buffer and habitat corridor10.4 High conservation value area: sitting of farm and mangrove reforestation

Area of mangrove need to be maintained/rehabilitated according to ASC

AreaSite

Mahakam Delta Bone BanyuwangiTotal area of cluster (ha) 1318 630 477% Original area of mangrove 80% 80% 60%Total original area of mangrove (ha) 1055 504 286

Total area of mangrove need to be maintained/rehabilitated according to ASC (50% original area of mangrove) (ha) 527 252 143

Areas still covered by mangrove (ha) 152 99 116

Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation (ha) 376 153 27

Land cover change and carbon implication within 1990 - 2010

Land cover

C stok (ton/ha)

1990 2000 2010

Ha Ton C Ha Ton C Ha Ton C

Mangrove 252 - - 8 2,134 121.0 30,512

Pond area 33 410 13,619 339 11,257 333.2 11,076

Land cover

C stok (ton/ha)

1990 2000 2010

Ha Ton C Ha Ton C Ha Ton C

Mangrove 264 204 53,985 141 37,199 99 26,180

Pond area 40 487 19,496 512 20,488 515 20,613

Land cover

C stok (ton/ha)

1990 2000 2010

Ha Ton C Ha Ton C Ha Ton C

Mangrove 298 1,274 379,513 370 110,266 221 65,763

Pond area 40 - - 948 37,941 1097 43,922

Site Banyuwangi5 ton C gain /ha/year

Site Bone, Sulawesi2 ton C loss/Ha/yr

Site Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan 11 ton C loss/Ha/Yr

Cassuarina , 3 years old : 18.7 ton C/Ha in 3 years). Mangrove, 3 years old: 1.26 ton C/ Ha in 3 years

Photo taken Nov 2013 (9 Yrs old mangrove trees)

3 Yrs old Cassuarina

3 Yrs old mangroves

C-Sequestration: What plant species need to plant ??

Measuring Carbon in Lham Ujong - Aceh

Total amount of carbon gained = 73 ton C or 268 t CO2 (3 years)