3D Printing of Flexible Electrodes for Clinical Applications
Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire...
Transcript of Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire...
![Page 1: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED Lighting
DOE SSL R&D Workshop January 27, 2015
Rahul Gupta Senior Director, Business Development [email protected]
![Page 2: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Cambrios ClearOhm® Transparent Conductor: Single Crystal Silver Nanowire
Highly ConducKng
Extremely Transparent
Flexible & Formable
Low Temperature SoluKon Process
Available in Large
Volumes
![Page 3: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Lenovo Flex 20 20” AIO
15” POS Monitor
LG ET83 23”
Monitor
BenQ F5
Lenovo A540 23” AIO
Medias X on NTT docomo
Karbonn A29 (India)
Advan S5G 5” and 5.7”
Lenovo A740 27” AIO
Tablets & eReaders Smartphones
POS Monitors LG ET63
23” Monitor
LG V325 23” AIO
HP 23” AIO
Fuhu Nabi 24” Bigtab
Fuhu Nabi 20” Bigtab
Monitors and All-‐In-‐One PC’s
Numerous ClearOhm® Touch Sensor Products In The Market
![Page 4: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Robust Supply Chain In Place
![Page 5: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Transparent Conductor Requirements For OLED Lighting
• Performance – Current spreading to ensure large area with
uniform emission, flexible, transparent – Efficiency and Lifetime – Compatible with light extraction or
improves light extraction • Manufacturability
– Processable – Scalability of process
• Cost structure to enable cost effective OLED lighting
![Page 6: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Options For Transparent Electrodes ITO NW Metal Grid FTO/AZO
Pros • Well established incumbent
• Low cost soluKon process
• Low capex • Scalable • Flexible
• High conducKvity (<1-‐50 ohms/sq)
• Flexible
• 10-‐20 ohms/sq • CompaKb le w i th
glass producKon
Challenges • Limited conducKvity, especially on plasKc
• Bri\le/not flexible
• High CapEx • Expensive
vacuum process
• 5 ohms/sq with >90% transmission
• OpKcally visible • Large openings è
charge spreading • High thickness è
needs dielectric/ planarizaKon
• LifeKme issues: needs passivaKon
• Cost compeKKve only at very high volumes (inline with float glass process)
• Bri\le/not flexible • Roughness • High CapEx • Expensive vacuum
process
70#Ω/�# 9#Ω/�#
![Page 7: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Low Sheet Resistance With High Transmission: Enables Metal Grid Free Large OLED Tiles
Spin coaKng on glass, glass as reference (glass = 100%)
10cm x 10 cm ClearOhm OLED Tile
![Page 8: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Luminance Uniformity : Enabling 20cm x20 cm Tiles Without Metal Grids Variables: Efficiency, Sheet resistance, 2 vs 4 sided contact
-‐ Good luminance uniformity can be achieved with 5-‐10 Ω/□
Luminance = 3000nits
min
max
min
max
1L
LL
LUniformity
+−−
=
Cathode contact
Cathode contact
Anode contact
2 sided anode contact
4 sided anode contact
![Page 9: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Similar Efficiency and Lifetime as ITO
![Page 10: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
CAPACITY, SCALABILITY AND COST
![Page 11: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Cambrios Has Capacity To Meet Growing Demand
2013 22,000 L/year
2014 175,000 L/year
![Page 12: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Low Cost Solution Process: Roll-To-Roll Or Sheet Glass Or Plastic Substrates
R2R producKon coater: 3-‐6 Million m2/year capacity Investment $~2 Million
ProducKon sheet slit coater (G4.5) 0.5-‐1 Million m2/year capacity Investment $~1.5 Million
Cambrios 300mm pilot coater; ~$300k
Low Cost Pilot
Low Cost ProducKon
![Page 13: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes Eliminate Cost Of Patterning
![Page 14: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Large Area OLED Tiles With Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes
Newly developed printed transparent electrode can replace ITO
![Page 15: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Cost Savings by using ClearOhm® Electrodes for OLED/PV • Solution process for coating vs vacuum process
for ITO: Depreciation <$0.1-0.6/m2 vs ~$9/m2
• Printing to eliminate expensive photo patterning – Photo-patterning costs ~15-20/m2 at G4.5 – Or use low cost laser patterning or screen printable
etchants
• Metal Grid Free OLED Lighting Tiles – Eliminates metal grid – Eliminates bank structures/passivation layers
![Page 16: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Improved Process Window For Higher Yields Scalability to Gen 5/8 Sheets or R2R
• No coherent reflection from Nanowires è no micro-cavity effect
• Color does not change with thickness of stack – Wider process Window even for Gen 5 – No need to bin products based on location on substrate
~3% Change in stack thickness Large change in color with ITO Anode No change in color with ClearOhm Anode
10 nm change in stack thickness 10 nm change in stack thickness
![Page 17: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Controlled by OLED Maker
Controlled by Substrate maker
Integrated Substrates With Nanowires
Substrate
External light extracKon film
Index/sca\ering/planarizing layers
Anode
HIL HTL
EML
ETL
Cathode Top encapsulaKon
• Low temperature process for nanowires • Opens up choices for low cost planarizaKon layers on top of
sca\ering/high index layers • Can combine sca\ering/high index materials with nanowires
![Page 18: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Controlled by OLED Maker
Controlled by Substrate maker
Silver Nanowires Allow OLED Makers To Optimize Internal Light Extraction
Substrate
External light extracKon film
Index/sca\ering/planarizing layer
Anode
HIL HTL
EML
ETL
Cathode Top encapsulaKon
• Allows matching of light extracKon layers to OLED stack to opKmize performance
![Page 19: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
ENABLING TRANSPARENT FLEXIBLE & FORMABLE PRODUCTS
Clothes
Furniture
Walls/Glass/Buildings
Automobiles
![Page 20: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
ClearOhm® Material: Excellent Performance As Top Transparent Electrode
Acknowledgements: Matthew White, Markus Scharber, Lucia Leonat, Michael Drack, Martin Kaltenbrunner, Siegfried Bauer, and Serdar Sariciftci
![Page 21: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Fully printed Transparent OLED
ON state
OFF state
ZnO
PEDOT:PSS ITO-‐PET
SPW-‐111
ClearOhm®
1cm2
450 500 550 600 650 700 7500
20
40
60
80
100
TOLED
Tran
smis
sion
[%]
Wavelength [nm]This project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 314233 - http://inlight-project.eu/
![Page 22: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Flexible and Bendable: passes 100,000 cycles at 3mm bend radius
Data Courtesy Nissha PrinKng Co.
![Page 23: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Flexible Transparent OPV Modules with Silver Nanowires
![Page 24: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Summary
• ClearOhm adopted as the transparent conductor of choice by leading touch panel makers
• ClearOhm enables cost effective production of OLED’s – Large size tiles without metal grids eliminates process steps
– Printing eliminates etching
• Improved performance and scalability for manufacting – Wider process window enables scaling to G5/8 or R2R production
– Control and design freedom to improve light extraction
• ClearOhm enables key differentiating features for OLED lighting – Flexible, formable and transparent devices
• Available in large volumes to support production
![Page 25: Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent … · · 2015-02-06Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Enabling Flexible, Transparent and Cost Effective OLED ... Flexible and](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021505/5affa0257f8b9a6a2e8b7424/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25 DOE SSL R&D Workshop 2015
Thank You
Cambrios ConfidenKal