Siloxane Removal Solutions BIO가스전처리장치 - PPTEK.pdf · ----- Advancing purification...

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Siloxane Removal Solutions

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Siloxanes are organo-silicons added to many personal care products and are present in almost all biogas.

What are siloxanes?

They can be found in products such as shampoos, hair conditioner, cosmetics, deodorants, de-foamers, water repelling window coatings, lubricants, food additives and some soaps.

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They are being evaluated an alternatives to perchloroethylene for dry cleaning as they are considered far more environmentally friendly, and are recognised to have little detrimental effect on the environment as a whole

Dow Corning list over 10,000 product applications for siloxanes

What are siloxanes?

They are considered as a ‘panacea’ of solutions to product development and their use is predicted to grow by 10 times over the next five years !

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Most common Siloxanes encountered indigester and landfill gases :

L2 (Hexamethyldisiloxane)L3 (Octamethyltrisiloxane)D3 (Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane)D4 (Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane)D5 (Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane)D6 (Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane)

Typical levels for total siloxanes in biogas can vary from 20 mg/m3 to up to 250 mg/m3 , or even higher for short periods in sewage digester gas

What are siloxanes?

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Siloxanes in BioGas Engines

• Industry acknowledges major problems for engines

• Temperature and pressure are principle factors

• Greater effect on new breeds of engine

• Other VOC’s add to the effect of siloxane damage

• Siloxanes also attack boilers on STW’s

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Siloxane Contamination

C8H24O4Si4

What’s happening ?

+ O2

+ Temp oC

D4 Siloxane

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CO2

What’s happening ?

+ H2O

+ SiO2

- Silicon Dioxide

D4 Siloxane

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A 1mW engine burningbiogas with just 50 mg/m3 of Siloxane can generate enough silicon dioxide in the engine to fill two 50 kg sacks in just over 4 months !


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Siloxane Damage

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Siloxane Recap

• Extensive use in a domestic environment.• Contamination arrives via municipal refuse, by pipe or by tanker

Cause

Effect• Siloxanes convert to silicon dioxide under engine environment & conditions.• Deposits rise, efficiency falls reducing generating capacity• Engine components are damaged and oil life shortened• Cost in components, labour, downtime and additional oil changes…..lost profit.

Solution• Constant removal and maintenance.• Treat deposits.• Clean gas before it reaches engines / boilers.

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BioGas Analysis

• Important to establish actual gas analysis

• Siloxane removal filter can be sized accurately

• Analysis methods vary – consistency is important

• PpTek have found Tenax Tube - Tedlar bag grab sample and GCMS as reliably consistent

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BioGas Analysis

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Technology Comparison MatrixFeature Activated Carbon Activated Graphite Cryogenics Regeneration media

Siloxane removal capability 90% 99% 95% 98%Size Large Very Large Large SmallTypical capital cost £35k - £125k £125k £250k £115kEase of use Yes No No YesInstallation costs £60k £60k £50K £25kMedia Life Guarantee No No N/A YesKnown Technology Totally Somewhat Unknown IncreasingSpent media removal responsibility Customer Cost supplier N/A Supplier @ 5 yrsPerformance guarantee No No Yes YesPerforms in wet gas No No No YesRequires water removal Yes Yes Yes NoCost of chiller 24 / 7 £16k £16k £16k £0Projected op cost per year £45k £60k £80k £7kCondensate requires removal No No Yes YesSupports full gas flow range Yes Yes No YesClean filter each day No No Yes YesFully automatic operation No No Yes YesFlexible to gas flow changes No No No YesSkid mounted for easy installation No No Yes YesGuaranteed Pressure drop filter No No Yes YesSpent media hazardous Yes Yes N/A No

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Technology Comparison

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PpTek vs other solutions

• Ability to regenerate media on site

• Up to 10 x as absorbent as activated carbon (AC)

• No chiller required

• PpTek Guarantee media life of up to 7 years

• Low on-going operating costs

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CapitalCost

Operating Cost

Activated Carbon

Hig

h

Low High

Low

Cryogenics

Activated Graphite

PpTek vs other solutions

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Operating Cost comparison example with Activated Carbon

Operating costs Carbon PpTek BGAK

Gas flow in 800 m3/hr 800Total gas flow in 24 hrs 19200 m3/day 19200Contamination level (Siloxane and VOCs) 300 mg/m3 300Total contaminants captured 5.76 Kg /day 5.76Percentage of own weight captured or loading 2 % of weight (damp gas) 10Weight of media required for 24 hr capture 288 Kg 57.6Amount of media in filter 2000 Kg approx 120 Number of days filter will last 7 Days 1825 (5 years)Cost of AC per Kg 1.20 £ / Kg N/APower draw (kWhr per day) 0 80Ave value/cost per kwhr 0 £ 0.20Annual Servicing Cost ? 1200Annual amortised 5 yearly media replacement inc 2400Total operating costs per year £126,144 £ / yr £9,440

Carbon PpTek BGAK

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Operating CO2 emission comparison with Activated Carbon

The following table shows the CO2 emissions for two different gas flow scenarios for siloxane contamination of 50 mg/m3

Biogas flow 600 m3/hr 5000 m3/hr

PpTek BGAKRegenerating filter

76.4 tonnes CO2 76.4 tonnes CO2

Activated Carbon Filter 2,146 tonnes CO2 18,075 tonnes CO2

Total CO2 operational emissions over 5 years

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PpTek Reference sitesSTW, 2400 m3/hr, Nottingham, England

STW 175 m3/h, Cumnock, Scotland

STW 2800 m3/hr, Harnaschpolder, Holland

STW, 80m3/hr, Trowbridge, England

STW, 300 m3/hr, Fullerton, England

LF, 650 m3/hr, Ferrara, Italy

STW 375m3/hr, Poole, England

LF, 1200 m3/hr, Middlepoint, USA

STW, 640 m3.hr, Gillingham, England

STW, 670 m3/hr, Swansea Bay, Wales

STW, 2800 m3/hr, Davyhulme, England

LF, 8000 m3/hr, 2 x Helsinki, Finland

STW 1200 m3/hr, Ashford, England

STW 650 m3/hr, Lancaster, England

STW 350 m3/hr, Cambridge, England

STW 3000 m3/hr, Bristol, England

STW 600 m3/hr, Taunton , England

STW 500 m3/hr, Crawley, England

STW 600 m3/hr, Beddington, England

STW 600 m3/hr, Chertsey, England

STW 600 m3/hr Brighton, England

STW 1200 m3/hr, Warwick, England

STW 1200 m3/hr, Paris, France

STW 1500 m3/hr, Bologna, Italy

STW300 m3/hr, Gravesend, UK

LF 8,000 m3/hr Santa Marta, Chile

LF 8,800 m3/hr Bangcock Green, Thailand

LF 5,400 m3/hr Zenith Green, Thailand

STW, 670 m3/hr, Hatton, Scotland

STW, 650 m3/hr, Southampton, England

LF, 3200 m3/hr, Skelbrooke, England

STW, 670 m3/hr, Havant, England

LF, 4000 m3/hr, Warrington, England

LF, 4000 m3/hr 2 x Falkirk, Scotland.

STW, 150 m3/hr, Telford, England

LF, 3500 m3/hr, Achencarroch, Scotland

LF, 3000 m3/hr 1 x Falkirk, Scotland

STW 350 m3/hr, Snodland, England

STW 350 m3/hr, Aylesford, England

LF 3500 m3/hr. Poole, England

LF 2200 m3/hr, Barcelona, Spain

STW 250 m3/hr, Redditch, England.

STW 3500 m3/hr, Manchester, England

STW 2200 m3/hr, Calgary, Canada

STW 1200 m3/hr, Oxford, England

STW 1100 m3/hr, Edinburgh, Scotland

STW 300 m3/hr, Telford, England

STW 2000 m3/hr, Edinburgh, Scotland

STW 3000 m3/hr , Avonmouth, England

LF 4000 m3/hr, Durham, England

STW 600 m3/hr, Brighton, England

STW 800 m3/hr, Wrexham, Wales

LF 600 m3/hr, Prague, Czech Republic

LF 10,000 m3/hr. Cliba, Argentina

LF 6,600 m3/hr Les Condes, Chile

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Automatic (BGAK) Siloxane Filters

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BioGas AK Features

• Removes up to 98% of siloxanes before they reach the engine.

• Payback achieved little as 12 months

• Negligible pressure drop.

• Ease and safety of upkeep.

• Robust stainless steel construction

• Media life 5 years - no disposal costs.

• Lower cost of pipework design.

• Install pressure or suction.

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BioGas AK Features cont

• PLC controlled

• Safe automatic operation

• Small footprint

• Skid mounted.

• Low power usage

• Minimal maintenance

• Gas sampled before and after filter

• Media is non-toxic

• Easy installation re-location

• Low operating costs/overheads.

• No chiller or pre-treatment required

• More green energy / less pollution

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Typical PpTek BGAK filter

Regeneration Air Blower

Filter # 2

Regeneration Air Heater

Filter # 1

Biogas outBiogas in

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Gas flow through F1

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Gas flow through F2

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Gas flow through F2 & regen F1

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Gas flow through F2

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Gas flow through F1

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Gas flow through F1 & regen F2

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Gas flow through Filter 1

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Regen Air Handling

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Vent Stack

Condensate200mm pipework @ 2 degree slope

PpTek Automatic Siloxane Filter Cooling effect of night air

Standard night-time filter regeneration : Cooled air to

atmosphere

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Vent Stack

Condensate200mm pipework @ 2 degree slope

PpTek Automatic Siloxane Filter

Day-time ambient is higher

Alternate installation for regeneration and condensation :

Cooled air to atmosphere

Chiller or site ‘brown’ water supply

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Regeneration Air


Vent Air Burner (VAB) filter regeneration :

Emissions compliant with Env Agency

permit limits

Small volume of biogas (only during regeneration)

EA compliant enclosed flare stack – 1000oC combustion

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Regeneration Air


Engine exhaust method of filter regeneration :

Connection to exhaust stack with venturi effect

Gas engine

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Regeneration Air


Virtual Vent Stack:

Specially designed exit Ventura diluting

and dispersing regeneration into atmosphere from

shorter height stack

Air diluted up to 1000 times and 150 feet above ground level

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BGMK Filter units

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Features of BioGas MK

• Utilises identical PpTek patented media• Suitable for lower gas flows and contamination• Smaller, lighter & less expensive than AK.• Media regeneration on site through service

contract ~ 2 - 3 month intervals.• Minimal energy consumption• Media Life 7 years, no disposal costs.

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Design & Production Conformance

• Designed and manufactured in accordance with ATEX and UK DSEAR regulations.

• Production with accredited & certified suppliers.

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PpTek Summary

• Key biochemical technology for Siloxane removal.• Strong emerging market conditions• Significant Landfill & Sewage Industry + siloxane

contamination knowledge• Extensive range of BioGas Filters• Proven product performance• UK & Overseas support from PpTek engineers

Siloxane Removal Solutions BIO가스전처리장치 - PPTEK.pdf · ----- Advancing purification...

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