Silicon PhotoMultiplier Detection Solutions From SensL sensL: light detection and measurement P...
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![Page 1: Silicon PhotoMultiplier Detection Solutions From SensL sensL: light detection and measurement P Hughes, DESY, 17 th July ‘09.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e725503460f94b719f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Silicon PhotoMultiplier Detection
Solutions From SensL
sensL: light detection and measurement
P Hughes, DESY, 17th July ‘09
![Page 2: Silicon PhotoMultiplier Detection Solutions From SensL sensL: light detection and measurement P Hughes, DESY, 17 th July ‘09.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e725503460f94b719f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Talk Outline
• Introduction– Motivation for SPM– SensL
• Product range
• Applications
• SPM Status – Technical Direction– Detector Performance (SensL)– SPM Manufacturing (Up Scaling)
• Outlook
2
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Motivation
Vacuum Tube Diode
(Fleming)
1875 1900 1925
LightBulb(Edison)
LED (Holonyak)
CRT(Ferdinand
Braun)
Plasma tv(Bitzer/Gene Slottow)
Silicon Transistor(Texas Inst.)
ENIAC (17,468 Tubes)
CMOS chip (174,569 transistors)
PhotomultiplierTube (RCA)
1950 1975 2000
So
lid S
tate
Va
cuu
m T
ub
e
SPM
...is to provide a solid-state alternative to the vacuum tube based photomultiplier tube (PMT)...
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SensL’s Mission
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Core Competence
Photon Counting / Timing(DigitalAPD)
Silicon Photomultiplier(SPM)
Single Photon Counting(SPC)
Identical Core Technology
Multiple Configurations
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Photon Counting
Single Photon Counting & Timing (Digital Mode)
PCDMini20um,100um & 1mm
Active Area
HRMTime27 Picosecond Timing Module
4 Channel
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Silicon Photomultiplier (SPM)
Solid-state Analog Detectors and Arrays
SPMMicro 1mm & 3mm
Detectors
SPMArraysLarge Area
3-side & 4-side TileableSPMMini High Performance
Sub-Systems
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Linear Arrays - Timing
Cs-137Mn-54
Crystal (Unwrapped)
Detector SPM6035
- 1 x 256 Array
- 40um detector active area
- 50um pitch to give fill factor 80%
- Two 1 x 128 ROICS
• Chip on board wirebond packaging
• FPGA interface board
- Applications in Imaging LIDAR, Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Nuclear Medicine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography
198,000,000 microcells0.5m2 active area55,000 SPM Pixels
57,600 microcells1.44cm2 active area
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Radiation Detection
• SPM combined with scintillation crystals
• Key advantages over PMT
– Small form factor
– Detection & Identification
– Magnetic field immunity
– Cost effective
– Low voltage operation (30V)
– High uniformity of detectors
– Ideal for portable systems
2008 IEEE Nuclear Symposium Record
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Analytical Instruments
Ocular Vasculature of Mouse Antigen Interaction of T Cells & APCs
Human Colon Crypt Swallowtail Butterfly Interneurons
SPM provides a pathway to miniaturised high volume systems
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High Energy Physics
GlueX Detector Lead GlassDetector
Superconducting Solenoid
Electron Beam from CEBAF
Coherent BremsstrahlungPhoton Beam
Tracking
Target
CerenkovCounter
Time ofFlight
BarrelCalorimeter
Note that tagger is80 m upstream ofdetector
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Silicon PhotoMultiplier Detection
Direction & Performance
sensL: light detection and measurement
P Hughes, DESY, 17th July ‘09
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Technical Direction
Detector Performance Detector Core Performance Established (Continue driving forward key parameters) Broadband detection response – Near UV, Vis and Near-IR
Manufacture (key)Volume Manufacture – process control/uniformity Large Area Arrays (Scale-up)
Environmental Conditions (Robust detection solution)High Field Magnetic (10T)
Radiation Hardness (DD, TID)
Better System Design Understanding Readout Interface
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Detector Performance
• SPS• Gain• PDE (Fill Factor)• Dark Rate/Crosstalk• SPM Timing
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1mm2 and 9mm2 SPM20, 35, 50 & 100µm microcells
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1100
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Microcell Size (um)
Nu
mb
er
of M
icro
cells
pe
r m
m^2
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Single Photoelectron Spectra
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Single photoelectron peak distributions at 25◦C (unshaded) and -196◦C (shaded) at bias voltages of 31.5V and 27.5V respectively
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Gain
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Linear Dependence of Vbr with temperature 18.3±2.5mV/◦C Stable linear device gain for a constant over-voltage from RT to -190◦C
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PDE
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PDE = QE * AIP * FF
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11030%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Microcell Size (um)F
ill F
act
or
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PDE & Crosstalk
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PDE = ~15% @+2V
(35um microcell design)
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Dark Rate
1mm, 20um Cell Device
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SPM Timing Response
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• Avalanche onset time is ~3ns
• Recovery time set by internal RC of SPM
• Optimised output circuitry provides ability to use picosecond timing of the photon counting detector inside the SPM
*Schaart, IEEE NSS, 2008
• Measurement of SPMArray with LYSO crystal and 22Na source
• Note this SPMArray contains 57k Single Photon Counting Detectors
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SPM - Manufacture
• Leverage Heritage of Silicon Manufacturing• Improve Process Control
– Wafer to Wafer/ Lot to Lot – Uniformity
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SPM8 – 3MM SPM A20H700 DIE PER WAFER X 8640 MICROCELLS = 6 MILLION PHOTON COUNTING DETECTORS
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Inkless Wafer Sort
Inkless wafer map
Automatic die pick & sort
Wafer binning output
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Vbr Uniformity
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Tight distributions, across wafer, wafer to wafer, run to runBreakdown voltage independent of diode structure, size
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Optical Uniformity
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Scale-Up: Large Area
SPM Pixel
NxN SPM Submodule
MxM SPM Module
Example Shown:N = 5; M =3
• Scaled SPM array architecture –
e.g 0.5m2 (total area)/PET system
• Submodules equivalent to 1.5” PMT sizes
• 4 side buttable
• Electronics integration
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Flex Arrays (Prototypes)
SPMArray– NxN SPM individually addressed
SPMPlus– NxN array summed
output– Large Area detection
Flex Benefits• Low cost/Lightweight • Scalable • Simplified electrical
interconnections• Small Form Factor
PCT Patent
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Glass Arrays for PET/MRI Ring
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Utilises flip chip & glass substrates – 3 side tile
1 23
4
S1
S2
S3S4
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Output (mVolts)
Pixel Position
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
SPM Array #
% (
ST
D/M
ED
IAN
)
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Array Uniformity
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Ceramic Arrays
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NEW PRODUCT RELEASE!!!!
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Outlook (SensL)
• SPM Technology is now starting to compete with PMT’s in many markets
– Performance Improvement will continue to be made– Baseline detector performance established for many application– Technology adoption is growing– New players are & will emerge
• PMT landscape has changed – new opportunities for SPM• Establish manufacturing credibility - needs greater visibility from
competition• More careful system level integration & understanding needed
as PMT legacy for system performance is often problematic
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New Website
32THANK YOU!