Sign of Fetal Distress
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Transcript of Sign of Fetal Distress
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Sign of Fetal Distress
Inc. Fetal Heart Rate
By: Okky
Proud College Student of UPN
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Definition
In medicine (obstetrics), fetal distress is the
presence of signs in a pregnant woman
before or during childbirththat the fetus is
not well or is becoming excessively fatigued.
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Signsand symptoms
Decreased movement felt by the mother
Meconium in the amniotic fluid
Cardiotocography signs increased or decreased fetal heart
rate (tachycardia and bradycardia), especially during and aftera contraction
decreased variability in the fetal heart rate
Biochemical signs, assessed by collecting a small sample ofbaby's blood from a scalp prick through the open cervix in
labour fetal acidosis
elevated fetal blood lactate levels indicating the baby hasa lactic acidosis
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More Info
Some of these signs are more reliable predictorsof actual distress than others. For example,cardiocartography can give high false positiverates, even when interpreted by highly
experienced medical personnel. Acidosis is ahighly reliable predictor, but is not alwaysavailable. A highly effective method ofassessment of distress would be to use fetal heart
rate as a first indicator of distress, to beconfirmed with a more reliable method ofdiagnosis before radical treatment is performed.
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Causes
Breathing problems
Abnormal position and presentation of the fetus
Multiple births
Shoulder dystocia
Prolapsed umbilical cord
Nuchal cord
Placental abruption
Premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus
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Risk Factors
Women with a history of: Stillbirth
Intrauterine growth retardation
Oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios
Multiple pregnancies Rhesus sensitisation
Hypertension
Diabetes and other chronic diseases
Decreased fetal movements
Post-term pregnancy. There is some evidence that maternal age over 35 years is
an independent risk factor for uteroplacental insufficiencyand fetal distress
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Treatment
In many situations fetal distress will lead
the obstetrician to recommend steps to
urgently deliver the baby. This can be done
by induction, or in more urgent cases,
a caesarean section may be performed.
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Fetal Heart Rate
Normal range at term is 120-160 bpm.
Fetal bradychardia (160bpm) may be associated with hypoxia but
several other factors can cause tachycardia, e.g.maternal pyrexia or dehydration.
Late decelerations, defined as uniform,repeated,periodic slowing of the fetal heart rate, whose
onset is from mid to end of the contraction, withits nadir more than 20 seconds after the peakintensity of the contraction, suggest fetal hypoxia.
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