Sight Conservation and Eye Safety. A. Your Eyes’ Defenses.
-
Upload
perla-elliot -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of Sight Conservation and Eye Safety. A. Your Eyes’ Defenses.
Sight Conservation and Eye Sight Conservation and Eye SafetySafety
A. Your Eyes’ DefensesA. Your Eyes’ Defenses
DefensesDefenses
• TearsTears– Self-cleans the eyes of foreign materialSelf-cleans the eyes of foreign material
• Eye lidEye lid– Physical barrier to some objectsPhysical barrier to some objects
• CorneaCornea– Damaged ones can now be replacedDamaged ones can now be replaced
• Inner eye (retina)Inner eye (retina)– Damage is irreversibleDamage is irreversible
B. Types of Eye InjuriesB. Types of Eye Injuries
Foreign BodiesForeign Bodies
• Most common of injuriesMost common of injuries• Abrasions & ScratchesAbrasions & Scratches
– Can cause permanent scar tissueCan cause permanent scar tissue
• Contusions from large objectsContusions from large objects• Irritations from fibersIrritations from fibers• Particles in smoke or fumesParticles in smoke or fumes
Chemical BurnsChemical Burns
• Acids Acids – Precipitate a protein barrier preventing Precipitate a protein barrier preventing
further penetration into tissuefurther penetration into tissue– Burn the surface of the eye and cause scarsBurn the surface of the eye and cause scars
• Bases (alkalies) Bases (alkalies) – Damages tissue as long as there is contactDamages tissue as long as there is contact– Dissolves fat-soluble tissue, turning it into Dissolves fat-soluble tissue, turning it into
“jelly”“jelly”
• Acids and Bases are both CORROSIVEAcids and Bases are both CORROSIVE
Chemical BurnsChemical Burns
• Gases in air can burn or irritateGases in air can burn or irritate• Vapors and mists can irritate and Vapors and mists can irritate and
produce scarringproduce scarring– PaintsPaints– PesticidesPesticides– CleanersCleaners
• In the Navy, the most frequent eye In the Navy, the most frequent eye injuries result from handling fuels injuries result from handling fuels without eye protectionwithout eye protection
Irradiation BurnsIrradiation Burns
• Infrared light (heat lamps)Infrared light (heat lamps)– Passes through cornea-absorbed by Passes through cornea-absorbed by
lenslens
• Ultraviolet light (sun, welding)Ultraviolet light (sun, welding)– Causes flash burnsCauses flash burns– Delayed effects (4-6 hrs. after Delayed effects (4-6 hrs. after
exposure)exposure)
• Infrared and Ultraviolet light can Infrared and Ultraviolet light can cause permanent eye damagecause permanent eye damage
C. Navy Sight Conservation C. Navy Sight Conservation Program ElementsProgram Elements
Program ElementsProgram Elements
• Identify eye hazardsIdentify eye hazards– Survey all work areas to determine Survey all work areas to determine
potential eye hazardous areas potential eye hazardous areas
Program ElementsProgram Elements
• Eliminate hazards by engineering Eliminate hazards by engineering controlscontrols– Eliminate hazards completely, where Eliminate hazards completely, where
possiblepossible– Reduce eye hazards Reduce eye hazards
• GuardsGuards• Isolation of the processIsolation of the process• Substitution of a less hazardous chemicalSubstitution of a less hazardous chemical
Program ElementsProgram Elements
• Post eye hazardous areasPost eye hazardous areas– Label all areas and pieces of Label all areas and pieces of
equipment which are potentially equipment which are potentially hazardoushazardous
– Use yellow & black caution signs:Use yellow & black caution signs:• to warn of eye hazard areasto warn of eye hazard areas• to specify eye protection requiredto specify eye protection required
– Mark the areas around eye hazards Mark the areas around eye hazards with yellow and black striping or with yellow and black striping or checkerboard tape on the deckcheckerboard tape on the deck
Program ElementsProgram Elements
• Provide protectionProvide protection– Where hazards can’t be eliminated or Where hazards can’t be eliminated or
reduced, PPE is requiredreduced, PPE is required– Navy must provide all protective equipmentNavy must provide all protective equipment– Protection must be specific to the jobProtection must be specific to the job– Safety Officer will determine types to be Safety Officer will determine types to be
wornworn– Medical provides eye exams and screening:Medical provides eye exams and screening:
• for corrective needsfor corrective needs• for personnel working around radiation sourcesfor personnel working around radiation sources
D. Eye Protection--Personal D. Eye Protection--Personal Protective DevicesProtective Devices
Must Meet ANSI StandardsMust Meet ANSI Standards
• Each manufacturer’s glasses or goggles Each manufacturer’s glasses or goggles must be tested and approvedmust be tested and approved
• Testing includes:Testing includes:– ImpactImpact– PermeabilityPermeability– Shatter proofingShatter proofing– Frame breaking strengthFrame breaking strength
• Only ANSI approved eyewear may be Only ANSI approved eyewear may be used by Navy personnelused by Navy personnel– Must have “Z87” or “Z87+” stamp Must have “Z87” or “Z87+” stamp
Devices Designed for Devices Designed for Specific HazardsSpecific Hazards
• Six general types of protective Six general types of protective eyeweareyewear– Safety glasses/spectaclesSafety glasses/spectacles– Chemical gogglesChemical goggles– Welding gogglesWelding goggles– Chipping gogglesChipping goggles– Welding helmetsWelding helmets– Face shieldsFace shields
• Wear the right type!! Wearing the Wear the right type!! Wearing the wrong type can be dangerouswrong type can be dangerous
Wearing Protective DevicesWearing Protective Devices
• Wear double protection for acids and Wear double protection for acids and basesbases– Chemical goggles AND face shield !Chemical goggles AND face shield !
• Face shields MUST be worn with safety Face shields MUST be worn with safety glasses or gogglesglasses or goggles– Face shields may not be worn by themselvesFace shields may not be worn by themselves
• When working with UV light, wear When working with UV light, wear protection based on level of light protection based on level of light intensityintensity– NO sunglasses!!NO sunglasses!!
Wearing Protective DevicesWearing Protective Devices
• Navy will provide prescription Navy will provide prescription safety glassessafety glasses– See Safety Officer or MDRSee Safety Officer or MDR
• Regular prescription glasses Regular prescription glasses CANNOT be worn as safety glassesCANNOT be worn as safety glasses
• Keep devices cleanKeep devices clean• Discard if badly scratched or Discard if badly scratched or
damageddamaged
E. Emergency Eye Wash E. Emergency Eye Wash StationsStations
Emergency Eye Wash Emergency Eye Wash StationsStations
• Must flush with fresh water for Must flush with fresh water for minimum of 15 minutesminimum of 15 minutes
• Flushing is used to:Flushing is used to:– Remove foreign objectsRemove foreign objects– Dilute strong chemicalsDilute strong chemicals
• Required whereverRequired wherever– Corrosives are used (battery shops)Corrosives are used (battery shops)– Particulate hazards exist (machine Particulate hazards exist (machine
shop)shop)
Eye Wash RequirementsEye Wash Requirements
• Must meet ANSI standardsMust meet ANSI standards• Must provide continuous water flowMust provide continuous water flow• Activated by one hand or foot Activated by one hand or foot
motionmotion• Both hands free to hold eyes open Both hands free to hold eyes open
(valve must stay open)(valve must stay open)• May be combined with deluge May be combined with deluge
shower for full body chemical first shower for full body chemical first aidaid
Eye Wash StylesEye Wash Styles
• Plumbed into water systemPlumbed into water system• Gravity-fed portable self-containerGravity-fed portable self-container• All covered by quarterly All covered by quarterly
maintenancemaintenance
F. Program EnforcementF. Program Enforcement
EnforcementEnforcement
• Personnel working in eye hazardous Personnel working in eye hazardous areas MUST wear eye protectionareas MUST wear eye protection
• Supervisors must set the exampleSupervisors must set the example• Visitors/guests provided with eye Visitors/guests provided with eye
protectionprotection• Some sports (racquetball) are Some sports (racquetball) are
hazardous. Wear sport goggleshazardous. Wear sport goggles• Encourage personnel to wear eye Encourage personnel to wear eye
protection at home (hobbies/lawn work) protection at home (hobbies/lawn work)
G. Eye Injury First AidG. Eye Injury First Aid
First AidFirst Aid
• Never rub eyes to remove Never rub eyes to remove particulatesparticulates
• Chemical burnsChemical burns– Flush for 15 minutes (minimum)Flush for 15 minutes (minimum)– Get medical attention!Get medical attention!
• Punctures and traumaPunctures and trauma– Cover with a clean, soft clothCover with a clean, soft cloth– Get medical attention!Get medical attention!
First AidFirst Aid
• Report ALL minor cuts and eye Report ALL minor cuts and eye problems to medicalproblems to medical– Minor scratches may lead to potential Minor scratches may lead to potential
infections with resulting scar tissue infections with resulting scar tissue formation, loss of sight, or other formation, loss of sight, or other significant damagesignificant damage