Sieve Analysis Concrete Mix Design Technician School.

Sieve Analysis

Concrete Mix Design Technician School

Terms and Definitions

Aggregate.An inert filler material, such as crushed

stone, gravel, and sand which is mixed with cement and water to make concrete.

Coarse Aggregate.Generally aggregate larger than 1/2" in

diameter, referred to as stone or gravel.

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Fine Aggregate

A natural silica or manufactured aggregate smaller than 1/4" in diameter, normally referred to as sand.

Sieve Analysis

A process in which an aggregate is separated into its various sizes by passing it through screens of various size openings for the purpose of determining the distribution of the quantities separated.

Gradation of an Aggregate

The relative amounts of aggregate particles of consecutively larger and smaller sizes.

Pg 174

Maximum Size of Aggregate

The smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of the aggregate is required to pass.

Nominal Maximum Size of Aggregate

The smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of the aggregate is permitted to pass.

Pg 175

Standard Sieves

Coarse Aggregate

6", 3", 1 1/2", 3/4", 3/8", and No.4

Fine Aggregate

Nos. 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, and 100

Pg 17

Affect of Particle Size on Aggregate Surface Area.

One 1- in cube of aggregate. Surface area = 6 x 1 x 1 = 6 sq in

27 1/3 - in cubes of aggregate. Surface area = 6 x 1/3 x 1/3 x 27

=18 sq in.

Sieve Analysis Procedure Take a representative sample.

Reduce to proper size for testing.

Sampling

Sieve Analysis

Sieve Percent by Weight Passing Each Sieve

Std Size

1 ½” 1” ¾” ½” 3/8” No. 4 No. 8 No. 200

#57 100 95-100 - 25-60 - 0-10 0-5 0-0.6*

#67 - 100 90-100 - 20-55 0-10 0-5 0-0.6*

#78M - - 100 98-100 75-100 20-45 0-15 0-0.6*

Table 1005-1North Carolina Department of TransportationStandard SpecificationsCoarse Aggregate Gradation

Pg 24

Coarse Aggregate Gradation When tested during production the

amount passing the No. 200 sieve may be no greater than 0.6% by weight.

When tested at the job site prior to use , the amount of material passing the No. 200 sieve shall not be greater than 1.5% by weight.

Pg 24

Coarse Aggregate Gradation If a stockpile at the job site is found to

contain in excess of 1.5% passing the No.200 sieve prior to use, the engineer may approve its use provided the total % by weight passing the the no 200 sieve in the combined coarse and fine aggregate does not exceed 2%, & no increase in W/C ratio is required by the use of this aggregate.

Percentage of Total by Weight Passing

STD

Size½” 3/8” #4 #8 #16 #30 #50 #100 #200

2S - 100 95-100 80-100 45-95 25-75 5-30 0-10 0-3

2MS - 100 95-100 80-100 45-95 25-75 5-35 0-20 0-8*

Table 1005-2Aggregate Gradation of Fine Aggregate

Pg 25

Fine Aggregate Gradation When tested during production the

amount of material passing the No.200 sieve shall not be greater than 8%.

When tested at the job site prior to use, the amount of material passing the No. 200 sieve shall not be greater than 10%.

Pg 25

200 Sieve Washing Procedure

In a fine and coarse aggregate sieve analysis, the representative sample is washed over a No. 200 sieve.

The portion retained in the No. 200 sieve is dried and weighed.

The loss is then recorded in accordance with AASHTO T11.

Pg 26

Mass of Sample after Drying, AASHTO T11 6.2

Nominal Max Size Min. Mass, grams

4.75mm (No 4) 300

9.5mm (3/8 in) 1000

19mm (3/4 in) 2500

37.5 mm (1 ½ in) 5000

Pg 27

No.200 Sieve Calculation Percent passing No. 200 sieve = Total dry wt – wt after washing x 100

Total dry wt

Pg 27

Example 200 Sieve Problem Total dry wt 514.0 grams Wt after washing 504.9 grams

Gram mat’l passing 200 9.1 grams

9.1 grams x 100 = 1.8% passing 514.0 grams

Pg 28

Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 514.0 grams Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 504.9 grams Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 0 0 100 100 #4 15.4 15.4 3 97 95-100 #8 36.0 51.4 10 90 80-100 #16 102.8 154.2 30 70 45-95 #30 103.4 257.6 50 50 25-75 #50 159.3 416.9 81 19 5-30 #100 71.4 488.3 95 5 0-10 Pan 16.6 504.9 #200 Washing

method 1.8 0-3

Does this 2S Sand meet NCDOT Specifications? Yes

Sieve Analysis ExamplePg 29

Sieve Analysis Problem 1Pg 33

Sieve Analysis– No. 1

Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of natural sand for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for Type 2S Sand. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) 520.3 grams Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 514.9 grams (520.3-514.9) / 520.3 x 100 = 1.0% Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 0 0 100 100 #4 0 0 0 100 95-100 #8 26.2 26.2 5 95 80-100 #16 113.6 139.8 27 73 45-95 #30 133.0 272.8 52 48 25-75 #50 162.1 434.9 84 16 5-30 #100 73.2 508.1 98 2 0-10 Pan 6.8 514.9 #200 Washing

method 1.0 0-3


SA P-1


Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of natural sand for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for Type 2S Sand. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 529.2 grams Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 518.1 grams (529.2 – 518.1) / 529.2 x 100 = 2.1% Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 0 0 100 100 #4 11.4 11.4 2 98 95-100 #8 20.2 31.6 6 94 80-100 #16 105.8 137.4 26 74 45-95 #30 85.9 223.3 42 58 25-75 #50 180.6 403.9 76 24 5-30 #100 88.1 492.0 93 7 0-10 Pan 26.1 518.1 #200 Washing

method 2.1 0-3


SA P-2

Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of natural sand for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for Type 2MS Sand. This sample was taken at the job site. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Total weight of the sample oven dry(before washing) = 547.9 grams Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 502.5 grams (547.9-502.5) / 547.9 x 100 = 8.3 Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 0 0 100 100 #4 6.7 6.7 1 99 95-100 #8 62.1 68.8 13 87 80-100 #16 114.6 183.4 33 67 45-95 #30 161.9 345.3 63 37 25-75 #50 97.2 442.5 81 19 5-35 #100 51.4 493.9 90 10 0-20 Pan 8.6 502.5 #200 Washing

method 8.3 0-10

Does this 2MS Sand meet NCDOT Specifications? Yes

SA P-3


Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of coarse aggregate for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for No. 67 stone. This sample was taken at a Ready Mix Plant. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Using the washing method, it was determined the Percentage Passing the No.200 sieve is 0.9 percent.

Total weight of sample (oven dry) = 37.6 pounds Sieve Size Lbs. Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

1 in 0 0 0 100 100 ¾ in 3.8 3.8 10 90 90-100 3/8 in 23.6 27.4 73 27 20-55 #4 7.8 35.2 94 6 0-10 #8 1.8 37.0 98 2 0-5 Pan 0.6 37.6 #200 Washing

method 0.9 0-1.5

Does this 67 Stone meet NCDOT Specifications? Yes

SA P-4


Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of coarse aggregate for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for No. 57 stone. This sample was taken during production. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Using the washing method, it was determined the Percentage Passing the No.200 sieve is 1.2 percent. Total weight of sample (oven dry) = 35.2 pounds Sieve Size Lbs. Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

1 ½ in 0 0 0 100 100 1 in 1.4 1.4 4 96 90-100 1/2 in 24.9 26.3 75 25 25-60 #4 6.2 32.5 92 8 0-10 #8 2.0 34.5 98 2 0-5 Pan 0.7 35.2 #200 Washing

method 1.2 0-0.6

Does this 57 Stone meet NCDOT Specifications? No

SA P-5

Fineness Modulus Fine Modulus – An index to the

coarseness or fineness of an aggregate.

Fineness Modulus (FM) – Defined mathematically as the sum of the cumulative percentages retained on the standard sieves divided by 100.

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Fineness Modulus FM of fine aggregate should not be

less than 2.30 or more than 3.10, nor vary by more than 0.20 from batch to batch.

Coarse Sand 2.80 - 3.10 Medium 2.50 - 2.80 Fine Sand 2.30 - 2.50

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The Standard Sieves 6 in 3 in 1 ½ in ¾ in 3/8 in #4

#8 #16 #30 #50 #100

Fine agg. range 3/8 - #100

Coarse agg. range 6 in - #8

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Table 5.3.6 Table 5.3.6 gives the volume of dry

rodded coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete for different fineness moduli of sand.

If the size of coarse aggregate and fineness modulus is known, the volume of dry rodded coarse aggregate can be obtained from the table.

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Table 5.3.6 The proportion of coarse and fine

aggregate in a concrete mix depend upon the fineness modulus of the fine aggregate and the size of the coarse aggregate.

The volume of coarse aggregate increases or decreases to maintain a constant surface area or a constant water demand.

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Table 5.3.6 The variable is the fineness or

coarseness (FM) of the sand.

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ACI Table 5.3.6. – Volume of Coarse Aggregate Per Unit of Volume of Concrete

Nominal Maximum size Volume of dry- rodded coarse agg. Per Unit of aggregate, Volume of concrete for different FM of sand (inches)

2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00

3/8 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44

1/2 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53

3/4 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.60

1 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65

1 1/2 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69

2 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72

3 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.76

* Volumes are based on aggregates in dry- rodded condition as described in ASTM C 29 for Unit Weight on Aggregate.

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Fineness Modulus - Example

Complete the following sieve analysis of a sample of natural sand for use in concrete and determine the fineness modulus of this material. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 514.8 grams Oven dry wt. (after washing No.200) = 504.0 grams

Sieve Size Grams Ret Cum Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

3/8 in 0 0 0 #4 15.1 15.1 3 #8 35.3 50.4 10 #16 69.5 119.9 23 #30 169.2 289.1 56 #50 #100 Pan

145.1 56.7 13.1

434.2 490.9 504.0

84 95

FM = 3+10+23+56+84+95

100 = 2.71

Fineness Modulus - Example Pg 42

Fineness Modulus Problem No.1 Pg 48

Fineness Modulus – No.1

Complete the following sieve analysis of a sample of natural sand for use in concrete and determine the fineness modulus of this material. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 573.0 grams (573.0-558.4)/573 x 100 = 2.5% Oven dry wt. (after washing No.200) = 558.4 grams

Sieve Size Grams Ret Cum Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 in 0 0 0 100 100 #4 0 0 0 100 95-100 #8 24.9 24.9 4 96 80-100 #16 149.0 173.9 30 70 45-90 #30 114.6 288.5 50 50 25-75 #50 #100 Pan

143.3 93.6 33.0

431.8 525.4 558.4

75 92

25 8

5-30 0-10

#200 ( washing method) 2.5 0-3 FM = 0+0+4+30+50+75+92

100 = 2.51

Is this a coarse, median or fine sand? Medium

FM P-1

Complete the following sieve analysis of a sample of natural sand for use in concrete and determine the fineness modulus of this material. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 520.5 grams (520.5-500.3)/520.5 x 100 = 3.9 Oven dry wt. (after washing No.200) = 500.3 grams

Sieve Size

Grams Ret Cum Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 in 0 0 0 100 100 #4 36.3 36.3 7 93 95-100 #8 41.5 77.8 15 85 80-100 #16 197.0 274.8 53 47 45-90 #30 46.7 321.5 62 38 25-75 #50 #100 Pan

67.4 93.3 18.1

388.9 482.2 500.3

75 93

25 7

5-30 0-10

#200 ( washing method) 3.9 0-3 FM = 0+7+15+53+62+75+93

100 = 3.05

Is this a coarse, median or fine sand? Coarse

FM P-2

Fineness Modulus Problem No. 3 Pg 50

Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of fine aggregate for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for 2MS Sand. This sample was taken at the R/M plant. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 532.4 grams (532.4-509.7)/ 532.4 x 100 = 4.3% Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 509.7 grams

Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 0 0 100 100

#4 7.5 7.5 1 99 95-100

#8 12.7 20.2 4 96 80-100

#16 159.7 179.9 34 66 45-95

#30 74.6 254.5 48 52 25-75

#50 188.7 443.2 83 17 5-35

#100 53.4 496.6 93 7 0-20

Pan 13.1 509.7

#200 Washing method

4.3 0-10

Does this 2MS Sand meet NCDOT Specifications? Yes Is this a coarse, medium, or fine sand? Medium What is the F.M. 2.63

FM P-3

Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of fine aggregate for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for 2S Sand. This sample was taken during production. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 524.3 grams (524.3-514.5) / 524.3 x 100 = 1.9% Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 514.5 grams

Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 0 0 100 100

#4 36.9 36.9 7 93 95-100

#8 20.8 57.7 11 89 80-100

#16 127.4 185.1 35 65 45-95

#30 180.1 365.2 70 30 25-75

#50 81.6 446.8 85 15 5-30

#100 51.6 498.4 95 5 0-10

Pan 16.1 514.5

#200 Washing method

1.9 0-3

Does this 2S Sand meet NCDOT Specifications? No Is this a coarse, medium or fine sand? Coarse What is the F.M. 3.03

FM P-4

TERMS I SHOULD KNOW?

Fineness Modulus Nominal Maximum Size Sieve Analysis Water Reducing Agent Workability HOLD ON A MINUTE AND LET ME

MARK THOSE IN THE BACK OF MY BOOK!!

Homework

What is the fineness modulus of the following material? Sieve Cum % Retained Cum % Passing 1 ½ in 0 100 1 in 95 ¾ in 15 85 ½ in 80 3/8 in 25 75 #4 40 60 #8 50 50 #16 60 40 #30 70 30 #50 85 15 #70 10 #100 95 5 #200 0 FM = 0 + 15 + 25 + 40 +50 + 60 + 70 + 85 + 95 = 4.40 100

Homework 1

The fineness modulus of a material which all passes the ¾ in. sieve and is all retained on the 3/8 in. sieve is : Sieve Grams Ret. Cum. Grams Ret. Cum. % Ret. 3/4 0 0 0 3/8 150 150 100 #4 0 150 100 #8 0 150 100 #16 0 150 100 #30 0 150 100 #50 0 150 100 #100 0 150 100 FM = 0 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 = 7.0 100

Homework 2

Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of fine aggregate for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for 2S Sand. This sample was taken at the R/M plant. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 504.1 grams Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 501.6 grams 2.5 / 504.1 x 100 = 0.5 % Passing Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 100 #4 0 95-100 #8 5.0 80-100 #16 60.5 45-95 #30 176.5 25-75 #50 171.4 8-30 #100 75.5 .5-10 Pan 12.7 #200 Washing

method 0-3

Does this 2S Sand meet NCDOT Specifications? What is the F.M. Is this a coarse, medium or fine sand?

Quiz

Quiz Answer

Check the following sieve analysis of a sample of fine aggregate for use in concrete and determine if it meets NCDOT requirements for 2S Sand. This sample was taken at the R/M Plant. Circle the sieve not passing, if any. Total weight of the sample oven dry (before washing) = 504.1 grams Oven dry wt.(after washing No.200 sieve) = 501.6 grams 2.5 / 504.1 x 100 = 0.5 % Passing Sieve Size Grams Ret. Cum

Grams Retained

Cum % Retained

Percent Passing

NCDOT Specs

3/8 0 0 0 100 100 #4 0 0 0 100 95-100 #8 5.0 5.0 1 99 80-100 #16 60.5 65.5 13 87 45-95 #30 176.5 242.0 48 52 25-75 #50 171.4 413.4 82 18 8-30 #100 75.5 488.9 97 3 .5-10 Pan 12.7 501.6 #200

Washing method

0.5

0-3

Does this 2S Sand meet NCDOT Specifications? Yes What is the F.M. 2.41 Is this a coarse, medium or fine sand? Fine

Quiz ans.

Sieve Analysis Concrete Mix Design Technician School.

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