Later Phase – 1863 to End

Technology, Medicine,

and Society

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Open the “Focus Points” document – it will

tell you what topics you are expected to

recognize once you’re done.

If you see an audio icon, click on it. Some

slides have narration; some do not.

Review the slide show and take notes in

your preferred format. If you are given a

notes outline, please use it.

Continued Union failure in the East• Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville

• Stonewall Jackson killed by friendly fire

Continued success in the West• Forces under Ulysses S. Grant won Forts Henry

and Donelson & Shiloh

• Capture of New Orleans gave Union full control of

Mississippi River

“The proportions of this rebellion were

not for a long time understood. I saw that

it involved the greatest difficulties, and

would call forth all the powers of the

whole country.”

--June 2, 1863

Second planned invasion of Northern soil

Distract Union from war in the West

End civilian support for the war

Gettysburg, PA –supply of shoes in town

Union already had the high ground

"Seconds are centuries, minutes ages. Men

fire into each other's face, not five feet apart.

There are bayonet thrusts, sabre strokes,

pistol shots...men going down on their hands

and knees, spinning round like tops,

throwing out their arms, gulping blood,

falling; legless, armless, headless. There are

ghastly heaps of dead men."-

Survivor of Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg

http://www.historyking.com/images/How-Many-People-Died-In-The-Battle-Of-

Gettysburg.jpghttp://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/gettysburg-battle-pictures.htm

The Gettysburg Address

http://uspoliticsguide.com/US-Politics-Directory/US-Politcal-Historical-Speeches/Gettysburg-Address.htm

http://www.freeaudio.org/alincoln/gettysbur

gaddress.mp3

Last major offensive action of the armies of the CSA

Outcome was so bad for South, Lee offered to resign

Forced South to return to a defensive strategy

Union troops’ numerical advantage overwhelmed South

Lincoln defined vision of postwar America

“We have met a man this

time, who either does not

know when he is whipped,

or who cares not if he loses

his whole army.” – Southern

soldier

“I cannot spare this man.

He fights.” – Abraham

Lincoln

…on February 26, 1864 Congress resurrected the

rank of lieutenant general, held previously only by

George Washington. …Lincoln was heard to say, "I

don't know General Grant's plans, and I don't want to

know them. Thank God, I've got a general at last!"

http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/UlyssesSGrant http://sachemlibrary.org/department/reference/advisor/Linc

oln.html

http://faculty.css.edu/mkelsey/usgrant/rank.html

“The art of war is simple enough. Find out where your enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.”

Not afraid of casualtiesUnderstands Northern advantages

• Forces Lee to keep men in the field

Uses war of attrition to his advantage• Sieges of Vicksburg and Petersburg can’t be broken

by smaller Confederate forces• Movement on Richmond (Confederate capital)

Shift to “total war” approach

All available resources (people and

materials) are dedicated to the war effort.

Civilians are targeted along with military.

http://thinkexist.com/quotation/the_art_of_war_is_simple_enough-find_out_where/150884.html

Total War

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_war

We are not only fighting hostile

armies, but a hostile people, and we

must make old and young, rich and

poor, feel the hard hand of war. –William T. Sherman, about the

burning of Atlanta

“If the people raise a

howl against my

barbarity and cruelty, I

will answer that war is

war, and not

popularity-seeking. If

they want peace, they

and their relatives

must stop the war.”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman

Divide upper South from lower South

Deprive Confederacy of crops, supplies,

materials, transportation

http://langecivilwar4b.wikispaces.com/Shermans+March+to+the+Sea

Grant surrounds

Richmond

Grant, Sherman,

Sheridan on the move

Sheridan’s forces

surround Lee’s army

Lee offers surrender,

April 9th, 1865.

The last Confederate

army did not

surrender until June

of 1865.http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Appomattox-Virginia-House-McLean.htm

Outnumbered, outgunned, outspent

RRDs, telegraph, rifles made Fabian strategy (avoiding battles) useless

Would not use guerrilla warfare until end

Confederate gov’t made it hard to coordinate efforts

http://etc.usf.edu/maps/pages/2800/2889/2889.htm

Railroads

Aerial

Observation

http://www.aeragon.com/03/

Communication (Telegraph)

Photography

Torpedoes

Mines

Ironclad ships

(later became

submarines)

Rifles

How the war affected everyday life

http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=4305

Both sides were forced to use conscription

(the draft) to fill their ranks.• South – Spring of 1862, North – 1863

• Draft riots in NYC – worst riots in US history

Both sides allowed the wealthy to avoid

the draft by paying a fine or hiring a

substitute.• South – needed plantation farming

• North – immigrants often enlisted multiple times

http://www.civilwar-pictures.com/articles/civil-war-art/civil-war-

posters/

http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/resource

_archive/resource.php?unitChoice=9&ThemeNum=1

&resourceType=1&resourceID=10002

620,000 + men died (1 in 4 soldiers); one-third from battle wounds

Fatalities - Three of five Union soldiers and two of three Confederate soldiers died of disease and infection, not battle wounds (yellow fever, malaria, small pox, typhoid, dysentery, to name a few)

The nickname, “sawbones” comes from this era

The only available treatment for injury: Amputation

http://ejhscomp.pbworks.com/f/Ethan_MinieBall.html

http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/05/rifling-expanding-bullets-and-minie.html

http://stonesrivertrading.com/bullets_and_cartridges.htm

http://www.civilwarhome.com/medicinehistory.htm

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war-medicine.htm

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http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Drummer-Civil-Boys-War.htm

While watching these battle

lines so grand to look upon, but

so terrible to think of when you

remember the frightful waste of

human lives they caused, the

call came; "Bring the stretchers,

a man hurt." Myself and Demas

took the stretchers to look for

the man, … who proved to be

Bradford (our older brother) ....

We were little more than

children and the shock to us

can be better imagined than

described. …We carried him to

the shallow ditch by the railroad

a few rods to the rear, where the

temporary field hospital was

located… We then placed him in

an ambulance still alive and

conscious. We bid him goodbye

and never saw him again. He

only lived a short time and

occupies an unknown grave.

Nursing opens to women• Influenced by example of Florence Nightingale

• Clara Barton – American Red Cross founder

• Catholic nuns – treated all victims

Women in charge of the home front

Spies• Harriet Tubman

“What could I do

but go with them

[the soldiers], or

work for them and

my country? The

patriot blood of my

father was warm in

my veins.”“I may sometimes

be willing to teach

for nothing, but if

paid at all, I shall

never do a man's

work for less than

a man's pay.”

Morrill Tariff ActHomestead Act of

1862Morrill Land Grant

Act Pacific Railway Act

– 1863National Bank Act

Laws to encourage western settlement that

the South couldn’t block in Congress

Increased industrialization of North• Shortage of labor

• Increased mechanization (using machines)

• Bigger gap between wealthy and poor

Destruction of Southern infrastructure/ economy

Freedom for black Americans; backlash and resentment from whites

Growth of the West and rise of farmers’ groups

Oh, I'm a good old rebelNow that’s just what I amAnd for this Yankee nationI do not give a damn.

I'm glad I fit (fought) against 'erI only wish we'd wonI ain't asked any pardonFor anything I've done.

I hates the Yankee nationAnd eveything they doI hates the declarationOf independence too.

I hates the glorious union'Tis dripping with our bloodI hates the striped bannerAnd fit (fought) it all I could.

I rode with Robert E. LeeFor three years there aboutGot wounded in four placesAnd I starved at Pint Lookout.

I coutch the roomatismCampin' in the snowBut I killed a chance of YankeesAnd I'd like to kill some mo'.

Three hundred thousand Yankees

Is stiff in southern dust

We got three hundred thousand

Before they conquered us.

They died of southern fever

And southern steel and shot

I wish they was three million

Instead of what we got.

I can't take up my musket

And fight 'em down no mo'

But I ain't a-goin' to love 'em

Now that is serten sho. (certain

sure.)

And I don't want no pardon

For what I was and am

I won't be reconstructed

And I do not give a damn.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAfHig

PsC_s

“The Veteran in a New Field”