SIDE GROUP NAME

CONDENCED FORMULA

STRUCTURAL FORMULA

METHYL CH3

ETHYL C2H5

PROPYL C3H7

CHLORO Cl same

BROMO Br same

IODO I same

cH

H

H

cH

H

H cH

H

cH c cHHH

H H H

ALKANES (CnH2n+2)

1.THE INTER CARBON BONDS ARE ALL SINGLE. 2.COMPOSED OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON

(HYDROCARBON).3.DEFINED BY THE EQUATION CnH2n+2

4.NONPOLAR AND INSOLLUBLE IN WATER.5.REACTIONS ARE VERY SLOW.6.FUELS FOR COMBUSTION REACTIONS.7.HYDROGENS CAN BE REMOVED AND

SUBSTITUTED FOR BY HALOGENS FORMMING HALOCARBONS.

8.ALKANES HOLD AS MANY HYDROGENS AS POSSIBLE AND ARE TERMED SATURATED WITH RESPECT TO H.

CH

H

CH

H

HH

LONGEST UNBROKEN CARBON CHAIN:

3 CARBONS

PROP….

♫ note: all carbon to carbon (C-C) are single – alkane!

This compound

follows CnH2n+2( C3H6+2)

CH

H

NAMING ALKANES (CnH2n+2)1. Identify the longest unbroken (by other elements) carbon chain.2. Count the carbons and use table P to get the prefix of the name.3. Identify that the intercarbon bonds are all single, if so the suffix of the

name is --ANE.

CH

H

CH

H

H CH

H

HCH

H

BUT ANEPREFIX SUFFIX

THE LONGEST UNBROKEN CARBON CHAIN IS 4 CARBONS,TABLE P INDICATES THE PREFIX FOR 4 CARBONS IS

BUT

ALL THE INTERCARBON BONDS ARE SINGLE, TABLE R INDICATES AN

ALKANE. ANE

SUBSTITUTED ALKANES

SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS1. HYDROGENS ARE REMOVED AND A HALOGEN IS SUBSTITUTED IN

PLACE OF THE REMOVED HYDROGENS.2. THE PRODUCT WILL HAVE FEWER HYDROGENS THAN THE

REACTANT AND WILL HAVE HALOGEN ATOMS IN THE FORMULA.

C4H10 + Cl2 C4H9Cl + HClAN ALKANE

HALOGEN

HALOHYDROCARBON

HALOGEN ACID

THE HYDROGENS DECREASE FROM 10 TO 9

CH

H

H CH

H

ClCH

H

CH

H

BUT ANEPREFIX SUFFIX

4 3 2 1

CHLORO“SIDE GROUP”

1-CARBON # OF GROUP

ALWAYS NUMBER CARBONS SUCH THAT THE SMALLEST NUMBERS ARE USED IN THE NAME!

CH

HCH

H HC

H

HH C

H

HCH

H

CH

H

CH

H

HCH

H

H CH

HCHH

ISOMERS OF C5H12

n-PENTANE

1234

2- CARBON # OF GROUP

METHYL

“SIDE GROUP”

BUTPREFIX

ANESUFFIX

H

ALKENES (CnH2n)1. THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP IS A DOUBLE BOND.2. THE COMPOUNDS ARE UNSATURATED, THEY CAN BOND TO MORE

HYDROGEN ATOMS BY OPENING THE DOUBLE BOND.

3. THE SUFFIX IS ENE.

CH

H

H CH

H

HC C

H

THE DOUBLE BOND IS THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF THE ALKENE.

BUT ENEPREFIX SUFFIX

NONE

“SIDE GROUP”

NONE

CARBON # OF GROUP

2-C # OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP

THIS IS 2-BUTENE BECAUSE THE DOUBLE BOND BEGINS ON THE SECOND CARBON.

4 3 2 1

CH

H

H CH

H

CH

CH

H4 3 2 1

BUT ENEPREFIX SUFFIX

NONE

“SIDE GROUP”

NONE

CARBON # OF GROUP

1-C # OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP

♫ NOTE: 1-BUTENE AND 2-BUTENE ARE ISOMERS, THEY HAVE THE SAME FORMULA (C4H8) HOWEVER THEY HAVE

DIFFERENT STRUCTURES.

2 HYDROGENS CAN BE ADDED TO THE DOUBLE BOND,