Siddiqui Hung Heavybackpacks April09 Nocd.doc

8/18/2019 Siddiqui Hung Heavybackpacks April09 Nocd.doc

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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students 1

Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary

School Students

Quality of Life Proposal

Carmen Hung Safanah ! Siddi"ui

Submitted April 03, 00!


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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students #

Table of Contents

Summary$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%1

Background &esearch$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ #

'ield &esearch and (nalysis$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%%%)

&ecommendation and *mplementation Plan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$% +

'inancial *mplications$$$%%%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%%%%1,

Conclusion$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$11

&eferences%%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%%1#

(ppendi-$$$$$$%%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$1.


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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students #.

Summary

*n recent years/ heavy 0ackpack eight has 0ecome an issue of increasing significance/

since it is knon to have serious effects on health% Pain and other pro0lems induced 0y heavy

0ackpacks can affect an individual2s "uality of life in many ays3 for instance/ it may result in

disruptions in daily activities and lost school time% !he purpose of the study as to determine

hether there as a correlation 0eteen relative 0ackpack eight and 0ack pain and the

prevalence of 0ack pain in 45C elementary school students% !he field research consisted of

surveys that ere given to parents6guardians and intervies of teachers and school

administrators% Participants ere chosen randomly and their identities and ansers to the surveys

ere kept confidential% !he survey focused on gathering information a0out elementary students2

ha0its of 0ackpack carrying and effects of these ha0its7hether students e-perienced pain/ and

if so/ hen/ here/ and ho often% (fter analysis of data/ it as found that relative 0ackpack

eight 8r9,%,:;:,%:1.;


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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students #)

*n the nited States/ it is estimated that over :, million students carry 0ackpacks to

school 8Pascoe et al%/ 1+++=% *n a study performed 0y *yer/ it as reported that ) out of 1,

participants e-perienced chronic 0ack pain due to carrying heavy 0ackpacks 8*yer/ #,,1=% !his

pain affects the lives of students in various ays including physical in@ury and a loss of time

during activities% 8Aoore et al%/ #,,;/ &ice et al%/ #,,=%

Carrying heavy 0ackpacks can lead to pain and in@ury that prevent students from

participating in everyday activities% *t as estimated that in #,,1/ there ere seven thousand

in@uries related to the use of 0ackpacks 84E*SS/ #,,1=% *n Aoore2s study 8Aoore et al%/ #,,;=/ it

as found that :%#? of #)1 students ho reported pain lost school time 0ecause of their

condition% *n addition/ +%#? and )%+? ere not a0le to participate in the entire duration of school

sports and physical education class/ respectively 8Aoore et al%/ #,,;=% *t is also possi0le that pain

resulting from heavy 0ackpack eight may hinder a student2s performance in classes 0y

distracting the student 8D2(rcy/ #,,)=% (n unhealthy 0ackpack eight is determined 0y finding

the relative 0ackpack eight/ the ratio 0eteen 0ackpack eight and 0ody eight 8Siam0anes et

al%/ #,,:=%

*n addition to overall loss of school time/ chronic 0ack pain may interfere ith other

aspects of daily life% !reatment/ such as chiropractic care and medication/ may 0e time

consuming and e-pensive 8engler/ #,,=% *t as found that students ith a 1.? relative

0ackpack eight ere more likely to receive chiropractic care than those ith a 1,? relative

0ackpack eight 8Aoore et al%/ #,,;=% 'rom this finding/ it is suggested that heavier 0ackpacks

induce greater pain%

While it is knon that carrying heavy 0ackpacks may result in short>term effects such as

soreness/ pain/ and discomfort 8&ice et al%/ #,,=/ carrying heavy 0ackpacks may also affect


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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students #;

musculoskeletal development and posture in adolescents 84egrini et al%/ #,,;=% ( high relative

0ackpack eight 8e-ceeding 1.?= is associated ith upper and mid>0ack pain due to the change

in posture hile earing a heavy 0ackpack% reater relative 0ackpack eight is related to spinal

misalignment or curvature/ muscle strain/ rounding of the shoulders/ and spasms of the 0ack and

shoulders 8Aoore et al%/ #,,;=%

!he long>term effects of carrying heavy 0ackpacks remain unclear% Hoever/ it is knon

that loer 0ack pain 8LBP= in adolescence is correlated ith loer 0ack pain in adulthood% !his

relationship is seen in Hest0aek2s study 8#,,)=/ in hich those ho reported e-periencing LBP

0efore the follo>up e-perienced greater LBP as adults%

(s descri0ed previously/ pain of the neck/ shoulders/ and 0ack may 0e related to the

carrying of heavy 0ackpacks 8Siam0anes et al%/ #,,:=% Carrying too many 0ooks puts a great

amount of stress on the shoulders% !he (merican Chiropractic (ssociation recommends that

relative 0ackpack eight should not e-ceed 1, to 1.? 8Aoore et al%/ #,,;=% *n &ice2s study

8#,,=/


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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students #

shoulder7resulted in greater pain in student participants% !his as also discovered in a study

conducted 0y &ice 8#,,=% #)? of children ho carried to>strap 0ags reported soreness/ pain/

and discomfort/ hereas .,? of children ho carried one>strap 0ags reported pain% !he num0er

of participants ho e-perienced pain from asymmetric carrying as almost tice the num0er of

those ho carried their 0ackpacks symmetrically 8&ice et al%/ #,,=% Hoever/ no statistically

significant relationship as found 0eteen method of ear and 0ack pain in Siam0anes2 study

8Siam0anes et al%/ #,,:=%

*t has 0een found that alking to and from school ith a 0ackpack also influences 0ack

pain 8Siam0anes et al%/ #,,:=% *n Siam0anes2 study/ :


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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students #+

#,,=% *t is recommended 0y the (merican ccupational !herapy (ssociation that 0ackpacks 0e

orn close to the 0ack to prevent muscle strain 8(!(/ #,,:=% *n the 0ackpack/ the heaviest

items should 0e placed closest to the 0ack% *t is also important that one ears a 0ackpack ith

ell>padded shoulder straps on 0oth shoulders to ensure an even distri0ution of eight% By

folloing the (!(2s recommendations/ students are less likely to 0ecome in@ured due to

improper 0ackpack loading and use 8(!(/ #,,:=%

*n recent years/ the government has also 0egun efforts to lighten the load of students2

0ackpacks% Such efforts include proposing eight limits on te-t0ooks 8Dillon/ #,,#/ Aichael/

#,,#=% overnor ray Davis of California signed a 0ill that took effect in #,,:/ 0anning

te-t0ooks eighing greater than the proposed limit 8Dillon/ #,,#=% *n #,,1/ (ssem0lyman

Ioseph I% &o0erts/ Ir% of 4e Iersey sponsored a 0ill proposing that an Ergonomics in Education

Study Commission 0e esta0lished 8Senate and eneral (ssem0ly of the State of 4e Iersey/

#,,


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strap 0ackpacks/ 11%)+? carried shoulder 0ags and less than five ho completed the survey/ :+%


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Heavy Backpack Weight of Elementary School Students :,

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Siddiqui Hung Heavybackpacks April09 Nocd.doc

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