Sibel bozdogan modern living itirgungor
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Transcript of Sibel bozdogan modern living itirgungor
Modernism and Nation Building, Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic
Sibel BOZDOĞAN
• Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe
• Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Apartments
Itır GÜNGÖR
Modernism and Nation Building, Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic
Sibel Bozdoğan is the Turkish architecture, writer, lecturer and also architecture critic.
Subject: Turkish Architecture
1908 1950(declaration of constitutionalism ) - (the end of the single-party-government )
_Modern architecture _Turkish traditions _Nationalism _Republic Revolution _Turkish architecture
Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe
Le Corbusier Westernizing institutional reforms ---> to shape the entire social, cultural and architectural fabric of Turkey
the necessity and historical inevitability of the disappearence of old civilizations
the loss of harmonious cultures
Modernism – Modern Movement • Composition of revolutinary aesthetic canon and scientific doctrine in
architecture
• Needs, tools and technologies of universal without exclude any nation and culture.
• It aimed to trasncend ideology. Therefore it followed and comprised the revolutions in the countries.
Modernism started in Turkey with the Republic • Contradiction between Modernism and The local realities
Modern X National
Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe
Edward Said:Non-western societies ---> have their own ways of modern and not necessarily
followed the modernism of the West.
• Modern architecture ----> Cultural and environmental oppression imposed to people by bureaucrats
• Transform society for the better and to construct a future dissociated from culture, context and history
• Architectural culture is not to explain without the poltical and ideological agendas of the time.
Chapter 5: the architecture of house
The new architecture:Architecters service to people rather than the
wealthy patrons
The perception of houses: reforming lifesytles (family
life, domestic order and privacy)
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
1839 Tanzimat Reforms Europeanization in the way of people lived dressed- furnished houses
cosmopolitan mix of cultures and tastes modern and traditional
Social and cultural transformation democratization of the family
conjugal couples as companions upbringing of children
• The powerful social forces which transformed a great Islamic empire into a secular repucblic was at home , in the ordinary family life.
• Kemalism was unique that interfered with family law and resistant to Westernization in the Muslim societies.
• The architectural profession is responsible from the design of houses and interiors within the framework people’s existing habits, lifestyles and wordviews (Kemalism).
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
Images of Modern Domestic Life
Woman
Kemalism claim to having liberated Turkish woman from
the yoke of tradition
The idealized image of Turkish woman’s world was
centered at home
Paradox
Peyami Safa criticized the masculinized
woman for both her appearence
and her mentality
Shown as a homemaker
Girl’s institutes with a education in scientific houseworks combined
with the national culture
The effect of Taylorism in
homes
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
Images of Modern Domestic Life
Cubic HousesModern, healthy, functional and beautiful houses
Wide windows, ample light and air, smooth and clean surfacesand dust gathering corners
The lack of Turkish families features
Turkish architecturers designed their houses in regard to Turkish traditions
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
Images of Modern Domestic Life
Total design-- Every object and piece of furniture to be designed and arranged Within a coherent modernist vision.
• The idea of total design harms the character of the domestic interior
• Magazines presented the houses with the each details and described themodern houese’s features.
intervention of family life and houses by the magazines
• Oppressive and interventionist idea of architect’s violated the inevitablyhomely character of the domestic interior.
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
Building the Modern House
Turkish architects focused on houses in the early republic. The aim of the architecture is to turn to the people and to satisfy their needs for comfortable, economic and beautiful houses.
The ideology of Kemalism subordinated class differrence and unifying the ideal of nation.
Architectures embraced this ideology and reflects on their projects.
The reason of the absence of large scale housing production is both economical and political.
• The total number of houses built in the early republican period was 73,279 while the population increased from 13.6 million to 17.8 million.
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
Building the Modern House
Apartment ---> Rental house
Multi-unit residential buildings with a single owner who rented the units
In Ankara, there was an accommodation problem. The construction ıf rental houses became rescuer especially fot the bureaucrats.
In Istanbul, aparment living became a familier feature of urban life. unhealthiness of apartment living
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
The ‘Cubic’ Controversy
Cubic Houses
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu: The signs of alienation, coldness
and sterility characterizing cosmopolitan modernity in its
negative sense.
Corrupt lifstyles directed by
greed and profit
Peyami Safa scorn the features of cubic houses:Tiny rooms-low ceiling-amount of sunlight and
form
Homeless of modern living
Family histories and memories exchanged for
modern living
Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments
Conclusion
• Modern is shown as a transition import from West by the non-West countries.
• Modern architecture of another culture creates mismatch in the culture imported in.
A German family cannot comfortably accommodate in a Japanese house.
• Turkish arhitecture can be arise only if the modern term harmonized with the Turkish culture.
• Transformation of cultural dynamics and works into the modern life
Thank You =)