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History(Theoretical Part)

The agrarian revolution is an agricultural process when new technologies were invented and used to make everyday work easier.

Changes as the results of the Industrial Revolution

Biological and medical discoveries

Discoveries in chemistry and physics

Dmitri Mendeleev created a periodical table in 1869.

Albert Einstein published a theory of relativity in 1905.

James Maxwell created a magnetic field theory.

Joseph Thompson discovered an electron.

Achievements in technologies

Changes in the means of transport and communication:

Changes in living conditions

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen – famous German physicist, experimenter, Nobel Prize winner. Roentgen experimented with cathode rays. In a few weeks he discovered that: 1) rays could penetrate through a variety of materials. 2) Roentgen found that the rays penetrated even through his body. 3) X-rays propagated in straight lines.

Gregor Mendel – Austrian monk, geneticist. He discovered the basic principles of inheritance. During his whole life he remained unknown and unprofessional, whose explorations were ignored. Mendel understood that all the elements, which we call genes now, were closely connected.

Charles Darwin – English naturalist, geologist, traveler, created an evolutionary living environment selection theory, released a study on the evolution of species. The rest of his life Charles Darwin spent exploring natural selection with orchids and other plants.

Albert Einstein - German physicist, formulated the special theory of relativity and later general theory of relativity. In respect of appearance and standards, he was an individualist. He had a good sense of humor, was modest and was a bit talented as a violinist.

Dmitri Mendeleev – Russian chemist. In 1869 he developed the Periodical Table. The creation of the periodical law was an important discovery which helped to classify the elements and to identify the unknown properties of elements. In honor of Mendeleev, the 101st element was named – mendelevium.

Alfred Bernard Nobel – Sweden chemist, engineer, creator of dynamite, Nobel Prize founder. Alfred mixed nitroglycerin with other inert materials, including diatomite. In 1867 he filed the application of the new mixture, named dinamite.

Tom Edison - American inventor, entrepreneur, one of the most productive inventors. He did 1093 inventions. Edison’s light bulb together with the power supply circuit provided an opportunity to use electricity everywhere. In 1882 his company started to produce electric power to New York houses. After this, electricity was used all over the world.

Samuel Finley Morse – American inventor known for telegraph and Morse code inventions. In 1838 he invented Morse’s Alphabet. He had an idea that with the help of electricity you could send messages. That is how telegraph was invented.

Alexander Graham Bell - Scottish scientist, telephone inventor, Bell telephone company founder. Bell needed a lot of money for the phone discovery , but he continued working and invented some other gadgets.

Wright brothers – USA inventors, aviation pioneers, pilots. Orville Wright and Vilber Wright, using the inventions of other scientists, constructed sailplanes. Brothers took off on board an airplane for the first time in the human history. After five years people realized that there had been the first flight in the human history.

Millvin Dean (97), the last survivor of the “Titanic”, died on May 31, 2009, in England. Millvin Dean climbed up to the deck of the Titanic when she was only 9 months old. Only 705 passengers out of 2224 survived, including two dogs.

Joseph Lister - English surgeon, known as a promoter of antiseptic measures. He understood that various diseases were caused by microorganisms and other pests. Before each operation, he thoroughly washed his hands, cleaned tools and sometimes sprayed carbolic acid solution in the room.

Robert Koch - modern microbiology pioneer, the discoverer of tuberculosis and cholera factor, the developer of worldwide bacteriology school. In 1975 he won the Nobel Prize.

Edward Jenner - vaccination pioneer. In 1796 he conducted an experiment, which showed that the inoculation of the substance taken from the cow suffering from smallpox helped to protect people from certain smallpox. Nowadays, vaccines can control 28 diseases.

Robert Fulton – American, who patented the first wheeled steamer suitable for practical use. It was named “North River Steamboat”, which was better known as “Clermont" .

James Clark Maxwell - the great British physicist, best known for having formulated four equations, which showed the basic laws of electricity and magnetism. These equations can prove that it is possible to detect vibrations of the electromagnetic field. The vibrations are called electromagnetic waves.

George Stephenson - English engineer. In 1815 he built the first railway. In that year he built a steam engine, and in 1825 he built a railway line. Railway provided a possibility to move goods massively from one place to another.

Henry Ford - industrialist, the owner of the car factory “Ford Motor Company”. He raised the standard of living all around the world. His famous Model T was made in 1908. Eventually, the company sold about 15 million of cars.

The yellow press - this press is different from the standard press in terms of its content and form. The main difference is that the published information may be unreliable and unethical. The most attractive topics focus on famous people’s lives.

Period of the Industrial Revolution is the period of technological, economic and social changes which started in the XVIII century in England and later reached other European and North American

countries, Japan. Industrial revolution included not only technological innovations, but also influenced the society, economy, urban

development and politics.

Education period - more attention was devoted to science.

Capitalism - is an economic system in which trade, industry, and the means of production are privately owned.

Continental blockade - published regulations which banned other countries to trade with England.

Urbanization - urban sprawl, the increase of citizens.Emigration is the act of leaving one's native country with the intent to settle elsewhere.Industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human

group from an agrarian society into an industrial one.Yellow press is a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and uses eye-

catching headlines to sell more newspapers.“Titanic” was the fastest and the greatest ship at that time.Heridity is the passing of phenotypic traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual

reproduction or sexual reproduction.Relativity in physics usually encompasses two theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general

relativity. Special relativity is a theory of the structure of space-time. General relativity is a theory of gravitation.

Questionnaire• Guglielmo Marconi• Alfred Nobel• Wilhelm Roentgen• Steven Hawking

• Tom Edison• Alexander Graham Bell• Albert Einstein• Salvador Dali

• 1896• 1895• 1903• 1869

• Rose into the air for the first time • Constructed a flying machine named

Zeppelin • Invented X - Ray • Constructed the first computer in the world

• Wilhelm Roentgen• Carl Benz• Maria and Pierre Kiuri• Elon Musk

1. Who invented dynamite?

2. Who invented the electric light bulb?

3. When did Guglielmo Marconi invent wireless radio connection?

4. What did the Wright brothers do in 1903?

5. Who invented the rays which can penetrate through various materials?

6. In 1843 one person created a telegraph using the alphabet. Who was it?

7. Who invented the telephone?

8. What did Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler create?

9. When did Alexander Graham Bell invent telephone?

10. What was published in the yellow press?

• Albert Einstein• Alexander Graham Bell• Samuel Morse• Isaac Newtown

• Wright Brothers• Friedrich Engels• Alexander Graham Bell• Thomas Edison

• Petrol powered cars • Wireless radio connection • Published a treatise about the nature

evolution • Discovered gravitational waves

• 1876• 1886• 1896• 1869

• Daily news • Fabricated facts, compromised articles • Politic news • Descriptions of different lemon species

Questionnaire• Monk, published a theory of heridity • Physicist, invented the X-rays • Writer, wrote a treatise • The tenth president of the USA

• Louis Pasteur• Charles Darwin• Joseph Liston• Alexander Fleming

• Pierre Martin• Albert Einstein• Robert Koch• Charles Darwin

• 1895• 1885• 1869• 1420

• Joseph Liston• Alexander Bell• James Maxwell• Isaac Newton

11. Who was Gregor Mendel and what is he famous for?

12. Who proved that many infectious diseases are caused by bacteria in the air?

13. Who discovered the tuberculosis causing bacteria?

14. When did Dmitri Mendeleev create the periodic law?

15. Who created the magnetic field theory?

16. Who was Joseph Thomson and what did he do?

17. When and who published the relativity theory?

18. What is Pierre Martin famous for?

19. When and where was the first thermal power plant built?

• Doctor, discovered the tuberculosis causing bacteria

• Physicist, discovered electron • Radiotechnician, invented wireless radio

connection • Engineer, constructed the first steam engine

• 1905, ALbert Einstein• 1885, Carl Benz• 1882, Thomas Edison• 1896m, Albert Einstein

• Invented steel melting in a blast furnace • Invented the telephone • Invented X-rays • Invented speliology

• 1882, in New York• 1870, in London• 1875, in Barcelona• 1870, in Šiauliai

Questionnaire• 1885• 1910• 1912• 1911

• Carl Benz• Henry Ford• Gottlieb Daimler• Elon Musk

• 1851, in London• 1850, in Lisabona• 1843, in Stockholm• 1844, in Raseiniai

• 1870• 1863• 1895• 1869

• Brothers Liumiere• Alfred Nobel• Pierre de Cubertin• Virgilijus Alekna

20. When did the The Titanic sink?

21. Who started producing the first cheap cars?

22. Where and where was the first world's exhibition organised?

23. When was the first film session displayed?

24. Who revived the Olympic Games?

25. What is George Stefenson famous for?

26. Who invented mechanical looms?

27. Who invented the vaccine?

28. Who constructed the first steamship?

29. When was narcosis invented?

• Created the periodic law • Invented the steam machine • Constructed a railroad • Discovered nitrogen based fertilizers

• Edmund Carwright• James Vatt• Joseph Marie Jacquard• Jonas Mačiulis

• James Vatt• Alexander Bell• Edward Jenner• Albert Einstein

• Joseph Marie Jacquard• Robbert Fulton• George Stefenson• Albert Eistein

• 1890• 1841• 1796• 1799

Questionnaire• The USA, in XVII century • The UK and Western Europe, in XVIII

century in the second half • India, in XVI century • Germany, in XVIII century in the second half

30. Where and when did the Industrial Revolution occur?