Shuvendu Basu Head HSE (RMX & Agg PL) Lafarge India Ltd · Safety nets and soft landing systems...

-Shuvendu Basu

Head HSE (RMX & Agg PL)

Lafarge India Ltd

Why extra vigilance on WAH ?

Case Study 1 Work at Height Fatality

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Barricades installed by inexperienced workers

Inexperienced workers supervised by untrained Supervisor

Control measures listed in RA not implemented

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Fall not arrested as worker was not wearing PPE


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PTW not implemented on site

RA with no implementation of control measures

No supervision

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No ppe’s

No Fall prevention

STATISTIC OF INCIDENT

FALL FROM HEIGHT

6%

12%28% Falls

Electrocution

BuriedBuried12%

Struck By

Crush: Equipment

Crush: Vehicles

Trenching 6%

CO Poison18%

12%6%

0 Falling from a height has been in recent years a major cause of fatal

accidents in LAFARGE

How Long Does It Take to Fall?

Time (secs)

0.5

Distance (feet)

4Residential Roofing

8

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

16

36

64

100

144

Planning Work at Height

Can you AVOID

working at height in the

first place? If NO, go to

PREVENT

Can you

PREVENT a fall

from occurring?

If NO, go to

MINIMISE

Do as much work as possible from

ground.

Some practical examples:

You can do this by:

� Using an existing place of

work that is already safe eg a

Can you MINIMISE

the distance

consequences of a

fall?

If the risk of a person falling

remains, you must take sufficient

measures to minimise the

For the tasks of low risk and short

duration, ladders and step ladders

can be sensible and practical

option.

If your risk assessment determines

it is correct to use a ladder, you

Using ladders and step ladders

One Way for Heavy Vehicles

Both way for Light Vehicle

One Way for Heavy Vehicles

� Using extended tools from

ground level to remove the

need to climb a ladder/scaffold

� Ground level assembly of edge

protection

� Installing cables at ground

level lowering a lighting mast

to ground level

work that is already safe eg a

non fragile roof with a

permanent perimeter guardrail

� Using a equipment to prevent

people from falling

Some practical examples:

� A concrete roof with existing

edge protection or machinery

guarded with guardrails around

it.

� Mobile elevated working

platform

� Scaffolds

� Restraint systems that prevents

a worker getting to the edge

distance/consequences of a fall

Practical examples of collective

protection using work equipment

and personal protective equipment

to minimise the distance and

consequences of a fall:

� Safety nets and soft landing

systems eg air bags, installed

close to the level of the work.

� Industrial rope access

� Fall arrest systems using high

anchor point

it is correct to use a ladder, you

should further MINIMISE the risk

by making sure workers:

� Use the right type of ladder for

the job.

� Are competent (you can

provide adequate

training/supervision to help)

� Use the equipment provided

safely and follow a safe system

of work.

� Are fully aware of the risks and

measures to help control them

WAH Implementation Process

• Apply 4-step Implementation Process for Working At Heights

1. Gap Analysis

2. Site-Specific Application Procedures

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2. Site-Specific Application Procedures

3. Prepare Corrective Action Plan

4. Implement Corrective Action Plan

• Let’s start off with Step #1 . . .

WAH Implementation Process

• Step #1: Gap Analysis

- Identify list of all WAH tasks

- Complete the FHRA to identify:

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- Complete the FHRA to identify:

• What WAH risks do we have?

• What controls can we implement for specific working at height tasks?

• Let’s talk about options for dealing with WAH issues . . .

FHRA

Fall Hazard Risk Assessment (FHRA) – For all areas where

there is a potential to fall 1.8 meters or greater, FHRA shall

be created. The FHRA shall be referenced for safely

performing WAH tasks.

� Anticipate fall hazards before any projects to which workers

may be exposed.

� Think about the methods & procedures that will eliminate� Think about the methods & procedures that will eliminate

the hazards or limit employees’ exposure.

� Communication and coordination with contractors are critical

elements of this planning process.

� Inspect fall protection devices and systems.

� Provide and document training to workers who use fall

protection systems.

FHAR – Fall Hazard Risk Assessment

Trainings provided relevant to WAH

should be mentioned

What rescue plan is required for this

particular WAH activity

The distance from the anchor point to the ground level

with the Safe Clearance of 1M

What are the PPE’s required for the job

Selection of Anchor points (Life lines, Scaffold pipe, Cleat or

any other permanent structures

If a Full body is required or any restraint system is required

Ideal Approach to WAH

• In every situation, there will be “good,

better and best” options for dealing with

hazards,

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hazards,

• This applies to all areas of safety, not just

the issue of working at heights,

• Let’s take a look at the Hierarchy of

Controls for WAH . . .

HOC

• Elimination – Eliminating the need to work at height (e.g. bring

HOC

Hierarchy of Controls (HOC) – The risk of fall shall be eliminated

or reduced utilizing the Hierarchy of Controls in the following

order of reference and effectiveness:

WAH-HOC

• Elimination – Eliminating the need to work at height (e.g. bring

the work to ground level);

• Isolation – Using physical barriers to enclose an area (e.g. fixed

platform and rails);

• Engineering – Using temporary platforms to gain access to work

area (e.g. mobile elevated work platform, scaffolding);

• Administrative & PPE – Using risk assessments, safe work

practices, permits, training and personal fall-restraint and fall-arrest

systems.

Isolation

Elimination Bringing the work to Ground

HOC: Hierarchy of controls

PPEs

Administrative Control

Engineering Control

PTW, FHRA & RA

Prevention vs. Protection

• Fall Prevention

– involves eliminating the risk of falling

– Measures include redesigning the job task or environment, guardrails, etc.

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environment, guardrails, etc.

• Fall Protection

– involves minimizing the risk of being injured in a fall

– Individual protection involves PFAS; safety nets provide collective protection

� Silo Physical stock verification system - To

avoid Working At Height

LAFARGE RMX SIRUSERI

Arrangement for Cement/ Fly ash /GGBS Sample Collection-

Eliminated climbing on bulker top for sampling

EARLIER WE HAVE TO

COLLECT THE

CEMENT SAMPLING

FROM THE BULKER

TOP MANHOLE. IT WAS

A HIGH RISK INVOLVED A HIGH RISK INVOLVED

ACTIVITY. HERE THE

RISK HAS ELIMINATED

Arrangement for Cement/ Fly ash /GGBS Sample Collection-

Eliminated climbing on bulker top for sampling

FEEDING LINE

TOP VALVE

EARLIER WE HAVE TO

COLLECT THE

CEMENT SAMPLING

FROM THE BULKER

TOP MANHOLE. IT WAS

A HIGH RISK INVOLVED TOP VALVE

BOTTOM VALVE

A HIGH RISK INVOLVED

ACTIVITY. HERE THE

RISK HAS ELIMINATED

Cement & water weigher calibration system.

Earlier, to calibrate the cement weigher the dead weights was

placed over the cement weighing container at 8mtr height. Now a

platform has hanged in the cement weigher. Now we can place the

weights from ground level. (WAH Eliminated)

LAFARGE RMX SIRUSERI

Rope & pulley arrangement to bring down the

Area light

Steel fiber/ PP fiber feeding arrangement in to the

skip at Ground level

How to isolate the job from

fall hazard???fall hazard???

Permanent Working Platforms, Staircases, Handrails

Guard Rail – Gaps

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Height of handrail Handrail with Iron rods Handrails inside the landing platform

Incomplete welding in the handrail No solid base for the handrail Missing handrail

Guard Rail – Gaps

Height side rails on the landing step Guarding (Cage) missing

Handrail not complete Height decreased due to dust

accumulation on platform

Platform provided without extending the

height of the Handrail

Guard Rail – Gaps

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Handrail damaged Handrail not provided in the bracing gaps Handrail removed and not replaced

Handrail welded with plate Handrail not provided at the back of the platform Handrail not welded with Insert plates

Lets have a discussion on next slide……..

Discussion Slide

What if, Permanent Working Platforms,

Staircases, Handrails (Isolation) is

not possible??

Engineering Controls

Scaffolding as Engineering Control

Scaffolding Checklist

Stage:1

500 900 min.

Ladder Access

Toe Board

Base Plate150mm

Scaffolding VideoScaffolding Video

Mobile Elevated

Work Platforms

[MEWP]

As Engineering

Control

Requirements

� Individuals that are required to work on a mobile elevated work

platform shall use personal fall restraint equipment.

�MEWP shall only be operated by suitably trained, competent

and authorised persons.

� Harnesses should be attached to a suitable anchorage on the� Harnesses should be attached to a suitable anchorage on the

work platform and not attached to an external point.

� The Safe Working Load (SWL) must be shown on the basket.

The total load indicated includes personnel and tools and

equipment. The SWL shall never be exceeded.

� The manufacturer’s recommendations on maximum height and

reach shall not be exceeded. MEWP shall be positioned on firm,

level ground and outriggers fully extended [if fitted] before use.

� Platforms should not be moved in the raised position unless

specifically designed to do so. If moving the platform, ensure the

route is clear from obstructions and is suitable.

� Elevated platforms should not be used in high winds in

comparison with the defined recommendation of the

manufacturer.

Requirements

� Ensure suitable clearance all around and above the platform

from other structures, machinery, overhead power lines, transport

and pedestrian routes.

�Moving parts and nip points should be suitably guarded.

�Worker working on MEWP should stay within the confines of

the basket to prevent them being trapped between the basket and

an external fixed object

Have A Look……..

How to take control of the fall

hazards when Engineering does not hazards when Engineering does not

suit???

Admin / PPE

• Fall Restraint System

– a worker is connected such that they cannot get close enough to an opening or open edge to fall

• Fall Restriction (Work Positioning) System

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• Fall Restriction (Work Positioning) System

– the worker is connected to an anchor and their free fall is limited to 0.6m / 2 ft

• Fall Arrest System

– a worker’s fall is safely stopped before they hit the ground, object or lower level.

Fall Restraint

• Worker is connected such that they cannot get close

enough to an open edge to fall.

The use of body belts is prohibited for fall restraint and fall arrest.

Work Positioning

• Workers are connected so that they can work hands

free.

Fall Arrest

• Fall is stopped before hitting the ground or another

object with minimal force on the body….

Individuals shall not work unattended where fall arrest equipment is used.

Full Body Safety Harness or Safety Belts ?

Check List for Full Body safety Harness

No ! No !

Yes !

Warning Lines• This is a typical warning line scenario

• Any problems?

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PFAS: The ABC’s

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Miller Equipment

Best Practices

• 2 categories:

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• 2 categories:

– Temporary and Permanent

• Permanent

– d bolts attached to beams

• Temporary

– cross arm straps, beam clamps

Permanent Anchor Points

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MSA Canada

Bolt D-Ring D-Plate Anchor

Temporary Anchorage Connector

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• “cross arm strap”

Miller Equipment

Best Practices

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• 5,000 lbs (22kn) per attached worker, or

• 2 x the maximum intended load (MAF)

• Remember, the force applied in a fall is dynamic!

Best Practices

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• shouldn’t deflect or break

• be positioned over your head

• be located as high as you can put them

• be compatibly shaped

• facilitate the rescue

ABC’S of Fall Protection

• distributes the forces in a fall

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• distributes the forces in a fall

• back strap, sub-pelvic strap, sliding D ring

• different sizes & styles (comfort)

• FIT TESTED!!!

• maximum working weight 310lbs

Full Body Harnesses

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Miller Equipment

A B C’S of Fall Protection

• Lanyards

– wire, nylon/polyester (rope), web

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– wire, nylon/polyester (rope), web

– shock absorbing: packs and in-line

• Retractables

– “lanyards” (web) & “lifelines” (cable)

• Grabs

– rope and cable, manual and trailing

Anchor Point

Function of Shock Absorber

Ground Surface

7 M

1 M

6 M

Body harness Common Observations

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Not attaching Shock absorbersWearing harness without Tale tell indicators

Damaged splicing Not wearing the Thigh strap

Checking of Body harness

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Hold the Harness by the D ring for effective check Check for any stitching damage

Check for any colour fade in the webbingCheck for defects on the ID plate


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Check the D ring and all metal fittings Check if both Tale tell indicators are in place

Check for cuts on the Webbing Check for burns and defects on the webbing


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Check for cuts & burns on the lanyard Check for damage on the Thimble

Check for damages on the Splicing Check for any damage on the Hooks


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Check for damages on the Shock absorber Check for damages on the connectors of the Shock

absorber

How not to wear a Body harness

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Types of Fall Protection – OSHA 29 CFR 1926.500-503

� Passive are protective systems that do not involve the actions of employees.

� Guardrails

� Safety nets

� Covers

� Fences

� Barricades

� Active includes systems and components that require manipulation by employees

to make them effective in providing protection.

� Anchorage points

� Lanyard

� Snap hooks

� Life lines

� Body harness

Ladders

and

Steps

Ladders

• Ladders are a transportable means of ascent with

steps or rungs which are joined to the side rails with side

pieces.

• Straight ladders are used by leaning against a surface• Straight ladders are used by leaning against a surface

• Step ladders have two flanks and are free-standing

• Combination ladders can be converted to straight or step

ladders

• Hook ladders are hooked in or onto a surface: they do not

stand on the ground

• Steps are a transportable means of ascent up to1m. In

height; the top level is designed to be stood on.

Apply the 4:1 ratio (Vertical: Horizontal) rule to ensure ladders are

set at the most suitable angle (between 65° and 75°).

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4

Hazards Identification

Do’s and Don’ts

A safe means of climbing the tower shall be provided. The outside of

the tower should not be used as a means of access.

No

No Yes

Scaffolds should be erected so that they are fit for their intended

purpose. The width of platform and its bracing should be suitable for

the intended loadings. Double guardrails and toe boards should be

fitted.

Scaffolds or platforms are designed for a given purpose

Scaffolds must be kept tidy and free of any debris to prevent persons

slipping and tripping and to allow ease of access.

Ladders shall extend at least 1m above a landing.

Always face the ladder when climbing or descending.

Find a suitable means of carrying tools and equipment.

Check all your PPEs before going on WAH related activities.

Ladders shall not be used as a working platform if a reasonably

practicable alternative exists

The maximum height to base ratio for a free standing external, mobile

scaffold shall be 3:1. The base can be increased by the use of

outriggers.

The tower shall be positioned only on firm level ground and the wheels

locked.

FHRA EXERCISE

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2

3

THANK YOU

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Shuvendu Basu

Email –[email protected]

Mob-9163312824

Shuvendu Basu Head HSE (RMX & Agg PL) Lafarge India Ltd · Safety nets and soft landing systems...

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