The Shoulder. Shoulder anatomy-bones Shoulder anatomy-ligaments.
Shoulder
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Transcript of Shoulder
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ESS 303 – Biomechanics
Shoulder Joint
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The Scapula (Right)
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Humerus (Right)
Anterior View Posterior View
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The Shoulder Joint
Shallow ball-and-socketSocket: Glenoid fossa of the shoulder bladeBall: ½ the spherical head of the humerusNo more than ½ of the head is in the socket
at any given timeBony stability is weak In fact – the head may move up to 2-3 cm
away from the glenoid fossa
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Stability
Keeping the humoral head in contact
with the glenoid fossa
Passive: Glenoid LabrumCircles around the outside of the glenoid
cavity
Increases depth of concavity
Active: Rotator cuff
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Rotator Cuff
Muscles tense to stabilize the humoral
head against the glenoid fossa
Helps prevent the head from rotating out of
the fossa
Allows the deltoid to contribute to abduction
4 muscles: supraspinatus, subscapularis,
infraspinatus, and teres minor
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Rotator Cuff Injuries: Common
Types: Tendonitis, bursitis, strain or tearWho: Baseball pitchers & anyone who
puts heavy demands on their shouldersMost treated with simple care and
exerciseCauses: age (>40), poor posture,
breaking a fall with your arm, heavy lifting (especially overhead), repetitive stress, others
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Rotator Cuff Injuries: Common
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Rotator Cuff Injuries: Common
Self treatment: Stop the activity – for a few days or until pain stops Ice and heat Medications Exercises
Medical treatment Severe or long-lasting (> 1 week) pain, immobile,
etc Medications, surgery, etc
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Dislocation & Subluxation
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Movements & Major Muscles
Flexion: pectoralis major (clavicular), anterior deltoid & coracobrcahialis
Extension: pectoralis major (sternal), latissimus dorsi & teres major
Abduction: middle deltoid & supraspinatus
Adduction: pectoralis major (sternal), latissimus dorsi & teres major
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Movements & Major Muscles
Horizontal (Transverse) Abduction: middle and posterior deltoids, infraspinatus & teres minor
Horizontal (Transverse) Adduction: pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis
Medial Rotation: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major & subscapularis
Lateral Rotation: teres minor, infraspinatus & posterior deltoid
Other movements are exaggerations or combinations of above: Hyperextension, Hyperabduction, Hyperadduction & Circumduction