Should you always support an ally? The scramble for Africa has run its course. The territories in...
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Transcript of Should you always support an ally? The scramble for Africa has run its course. The territories in...
Should you always support an ally?
•The scramble for Africa has run its course. The territories in Africa have been distributed… •Not equally however…
•Not to the approval of indigenous African tribes…•To the benefit of (satisfied) …Great Britain, France, Spain•Wishing for More(unsatisfied)…Belgium, Italy, German
•This distribution of land/territories in Africa has brought opportunities in the form of natural resources to some, other feel resentment and even anger.
CSI: 1914-06Do Now: Identify the name
of this European leader.
I am the heir to the Austrian throne and I control the mighty empire of Austria-Hungary. I often visit the various territories of my empire. My wife Sophie is hesitant to visit Sarajevo this month as the nationalist group the “Black Hand” an organization which promotes Serbian nationalism, does not approve of Austria-Hungary controlling Serbia, and many of them have attempted to assassinate me before. Luckily, for my country we have alliances with Germany and if any difficulties should come our way, Germany will have to come to our aid.
WHO AM I?
Assassination and UltimatumCSI Answer: I am the
Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Ferdinand and Sophie were shot by 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip (right), a Serbian nationalist member of the terrorist organization Black Hand.
As a result of alliances, Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia and the alliance system pulls all the powerful European nations into WWI or The Great War.
The MAIN
Causes of
World War I
EQ: What attitudes, innovations and events caused WWI? What factors motivated the U.S. to enter WWI?
Marching Toward War
MAIN IDEAS Science & Technology; Advances in weaponry,
from improvements to the machine gun and airplane, to the invention of the tank – all led to devastation during World War I
Economics; The war effected many European economies. Desperate for resources, the warring governments converted many industries to munitions factories. They also took greater control of the production of goods
Power & authority; The quest among European nations for greater power played a role in causing
Essential Questions: Identify the four MAIN factors that lead to the start of “the Great War” – World War I Which of the forces at work in Europe played the greatest role in helping to prompt the outbreak of war?
Evaluate the aspects of warfare introduced and utilized during WWI. Analyze/Predict how the impact of these aspects of future conflicts. Were the conditions of the Versailles Treaty fair? Consider all the nations affected..
Based on the terms of the treaty could the future been predicted…
Militarism: the development of the armed forces as a tool of diplomacy.
1880 1914
Germany 1.3m 5.0m
France 0.73m 4.0m
Russia 0.40m 1.2m
Militarism
Alliances: pact, coalition or friendship between two or more parties, made in order to advance common goals and to secure common interests.
Military AlliancesBefore World War I
Imperialism: military, economic, political, cultural control over a weaker territory by a stronger one
•The 14 nations of Europe had agreed on the division of Africa land at the Berlin Conference.
•However, over time relationships were strained as individual nations were able to gain more power based on resources and location.
•All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory.
•The British feared Germany in Africa.The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans.
The Rise of Nationalism
•The growth of nationalism—deep devotion to one’s nation—caused intense competition among the Great Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and France.
•The Great Powers competed for markets and territory.Intense nationalism in the nations of the Balkans led to demands for independence among Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and others.
Triple Alliance (1881)
Rising Tensions in Europe
Crisis in the BalkansThis mountainous
peninsula in the southeastern corner of Europe was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the Balkans was known as the “powder keg” of Europe.
Assassination and UltimatumThe couple was
shot by 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip (right), a Serbian nationalist member of the terrorist organization Black Hand.
UltimatumDescription: page of the
official response of the government of Serbia Austrian ultimatum of July 23, 1914.
Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia with numerous demands on July 23, 1914. Serbia agreed to most of the demands trying to avoid war.
Alliance SystemAlliance System
The Tangled Web- Identify the countries/personalities depicted?
The Schlieffen Plan
Germany’s military plan to defeat France and Russia.
“Knock out blow” aimed at France first.
Avoid French defences by invasion of Belgium 8/3/1914.
Germans thought Britain would not intervene.
Why did Britain get involved?
Britain had Ententes with France and Russia.
Only “friendly agreements” but French and Russians given impression Britain would fight.
The Schlieffen Plan
Sir Edward GreyBritish Foreign Secretary … “There’s some devilry going on in Berlin”
Battle of the Marne
The 1st WWI Battle Triple Entente victoryStopped Germans from entering Paris
Setting the stage for four years of trench warfare – Western Front
Trench Warfare
6. Warfare/Life5. Weapons4. Soldiers3. Foot2. Body Lice1. Rats
Life in a Trench
EQ: How do Wilson’s 14 points attempt to establish peace in
Europe? Why was the Treaty of Versailles a failure?
AMERICA ACTS
The War at Home War industries Board
Encourages use of mass production to increase efficiency
Eliminate waste by standardizing products
Production in the US increased by 20% Fuel Administration
March 1918- Daylight savings time Use of longer daylight to conserve energy
Wages and Prices Rise Wages through most industries
increased, though so did food and housing costs
Stockholders in large companies saw enormous profits
Boom in Labor Unions1916 (2.5 million) by 1919 (4 million
Financing the War: EconomicTaxes raise
revenue for the war (35.5 billion) Progressive income
tax (16th amendment)
War Profit TaxPublic Borrowing
(selling bonds) Excise Taxes
Tobacco/Liquor/Luxury Items
Social: Committee on Public Agency Committee on Public Information
Attack on Civil Liberties: Anti- Immigration Hysteria
Propaganda agency:A biased
communiacation designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions.
George Creel- thousands of artists in the US are commissioned jobs to make paintings, posters and sculptures promoting the war effort
Highly successful
Many immigrants from Germany and Austria-Hungary lost their jobs
Orchestras refused to play music of Beethoven and Mozart/ Schools stopped teaching German language and German authors books were removed from US libraries
Violence: Many Germans were lynched and beaten if it became known that they were from Germany.
ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS: 1917-18 Fine of $10,000 and 20 years in prison for
interfering w/ war effort or subversive comments Clear violation of _____ amendment rights Led to over 20,000 prosecutions/targeted socialists
and labor leaders
War encourages social change
African AmericansA) support for the war (WEB DuBois)Germans are not for “darker races”African American support would strengthen
calls for racial justice in the US over timeB) Non-supporters (William Monroe Trotter)
Victims of racism should not support the efforts of a racist government
The Great Migration: large scale movement of blacks to northern cities Escape racial discrimination in the
south Jobs in the north (esp. now that
Europeans were less likely to immigrate and were being ostracized)
Many cotton field ruined by crop disease
WomenWomen begin taking on jobs
that were previously held by men
Volunteer work with the Red Cross/selling victory bonds
Women’s Peace Party (1915 Jane Addams)
Women’s war effort helped encourage women’s suffrage
1919- Congress passed 19th amendment. By 1920, the amendment is ratified by the states.
Wilson’s 14 points Group 1- Prevention of another war
Focus on points 1 – 5
Group 2- Boundary Changes Focus on points 6-13
Group 3-14th pointFocus on the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles 1. Established 9 new nations ( including : Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) Carved out 5 territories of the Ottoman Empire
Became temporary colonies of England and France Germany prohibited from maintaining an army Germany forced to pay $33billion dollars in war reparations over
time2. WEAKNESSES: A. Humiliation of Germany Germany could not realistically pay all of the war debtRussia excluded from peace talks (lost more territory than
Germany)Ignored claims of colonized people for self-determination3. US never joins League of Nations
Many in the US feared joining league because they thought it would compromise US “isolationism”
Legacy of the War Strengthened US military power and the
power of the federal government
Left political and social unrest in Europe
Treaty of Versailles did not solve anything Desire for vengeance would bloom in
Germany in the 1930s (Hitler’s rise to power