Should we control a chemical that: u Causes excessive sweating and vomiting. u Is a major component...

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Should we control a chemical that: Causes excessive sweating and vomiting. Is a major component in acid rain. Can cause severe burns in its gaseous state.

Transcript of Should we control a chemical that: u Causes excessive sweating and vomiting. u Is a major component...

Should we control a chemical that:

Causes excessive sweating and vomiting.

Is a major component in acid rain.

Can cause severe burns in its gaseous state.

Accidental inhalation can kill you.

Contributes to erosion. Decreases the effectiveness

of car brakes. Has been found in tumors of

terminal cancer patients.

What is the chemical?

Chapter 3Water and the Fitness of

the Environment

Question?

What molecule Is the most common In living Cells

The Water Planet

Properties Of Water

Be ready and able to discuss several of the following properties.

Focus on definitions and examples.

Review water structure and H-bonds from Chapter 2.

Liquid Water Is Cohesive

Liquid Water is Adhesive

Water transport in trees uses Cohesion and Adhesion

Water Has A High Surface Tension

Water Has A High Specific Heat

Heat

Temperature

Celsius Scale

Will be used for most of our temperature measurements.

Water Stabilizes Temperature

Water Has A High Heat Of Vaporization

Evaporative Cooling

Result:

Water Expands When It Freezes

Solids and Liquids

Water Benzene

Floats Sinks

Solid Liquid Gas

States of Matter

Result Aquatic life can live under ice.

Water Is A Versatile Solvent

Solution

Solvent

Solute

Hydrophilic Materials

Hydrophobic

Without Water Life Would Not Be

Possible!!

Solution Concentration

Usually based on Molarity.

Moles

One Mole of each

Sulfur

Sugar

Copper Sulfate

Mercury Oxide

Copper

Sodium Chloride

Comment

AP Biology students should be able to calculate solutions in Molarity.

Dissociation of Water Water can sometimes split into

two ions.

In pure water the concentration

of each ion is 10-7 M

Adding certain solutes disrupts the balance between the two ions.

The two ions are very reactive and can drastically affect a cell.

Acids

Acid Rain

Acid Rain

Bases

Neutrals

pH Scale

pH Scale

Example:

For a neutral solution:

[H+] is 10-7

or - log 10-7

or - (-7)

or 7

Comment

[H+] + [OH-] = 14 Therefore, if you know the

concentration of one ion, you can easily calculate the other.

Buffers

Summary

Be able to discuss the properties of water.

Be able to measure solution concentrations in Molarity.

Be able to work pH scale questions.