Shoreline alteration

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Shoreline alteration By: Kristen Woodling www.pwconserve.org/.../graphics/ january2004.jpg www.seattlepi.com/mediaManager/? controllerNam...

description

Shoreline alteration. By: Kristen Woodling. www.seattlepi.com/mediaManager/?controllerNam. www.pwconserve.org/.../graphics/january2004.jpg. Outline. Background- why alter the shoreline? Shoreline alteration on the global scale Shoreline alteration in Lake Erie Problems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Shoreline alteration

Page 1: Shoreline alteration

Shoreline alterationBy: Kristen Woodling

www.pwconserve.org/.../graphics/january2004.jpg www.seattlepi.com/mediaManager/?controllerNam...

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Outline

• Background- why alter the shoreline?• Shoreline alteration on the global scale• Shoreline alteration in Lake Erie• Problems• Possible solutions• Research paper• My research• Conclusion

J.Ross

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Background • Shoreline alteration: any anthropogenic activity that adds to or removes

parts of a shoreline

• Shorelines are altered/hardened in order to reduce erosion

• Shorelines have been anthropocentrically altered since the first human settlements

http://www.climate.gov.ki/Climate_change_effects_in_Kiribati.html

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farm1.static.flickr.com/56/152644051_7ea7510a somd.com/news/headlines/2008/9000.shtml

http://ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/displayimage-lastupby-0-2471-1062.html www.boatnerd.com/.../Breakwall-12-06-04LR.jpg

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Shoreline Alteration on the Global Scale

• Shoreline alteration is a global issue

• Little is known about exact relationship between alteration and aquatic food webs

• U.S. Atlantic coast:

– Less then 10% of shoreline set aside for conservation

– Estimated 60% of remaining shoreline is in process of development

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Shoreline alteration in Lake Erie

http://photography-plus.com/fullPic.asp?picID=1639

• ~98% of shorelines in the western basin have been armored with stone, iron or concrete

• Lake Erie is the most developed and structurally protected of the Great Lakes

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Problems

• Degrades natural environment

• Severs aquatic-terrestrial linkages

• Reduces shallow water habitat

• Decreases economic/aesthetic/recreational integrity of area

• Allows for greater amounts of runoff

www.sciencedaily.com/.../09/090917161736.htm cristinabump.wordpress.com/.../australia/sydney/

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Possible SolutionsRiparian Buffer

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riparian_buffer

Living Shoreline

Bill Bartodziej (DNR)

landscape.zoology.wisc.edu/

.../Logs2.jpg

Woody Debris

www.adepttech.com/images/Shoreline2012.jpg

Permit

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Solutions• STOP BUILDING ON SHORELINES!

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Research Paper

• “Effects of coastal development on near shore estuarine nekton communities” D.M. Bilkovic, M.M. Roggero

• Effects of landscape features and coastal development on near shore habitats and near shore nekton community (James River, Virginia)

• Nekton assemblages at sites with low development (<23%) and natural or riprap shorelines were different from all other combinations of altered conditions

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Summary

• Both upland development and the placement of erosion control structures on the shoreline were associated with reduced fish community integrity, and shoreline alterations were linked with the amount of sub-tidal structural habitat in the near shore.

minnesota.publicradio.org/.../14/shorelineregs/ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/displayimage-6755.html

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Methods and Materials

• Bow-mounted Marine Sonic Sea Scan used to

classify bottom conditions.

• Bottom classifications: – featureless (soft)

– structural habitat (hard)

• River was divided into three 20km sections segmented into near shore reaches based on adjacent shoreline condition (riprap revetment, bulkhead, natural [unmodified]) and surveyed bottom type [hard or soft]).

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Methods Cont.• Two replicate seining halls were done at each site to assess

fish and benthic community (July-August 2005).

cassisaari.com/j/tag/potamogeton/

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National Land Cover Database

Fig. 1. Fish community survey locations and land use on the James River, 2005

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Fig. 3. Mean ± SE fish community index by shoreline condition: bulkhead, riprap revetment or natural. Values associated with bulkhead shorelines were significantly lower than for riprap revetment or natural conditions(1-wayANOVA, p = 0.04)

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Fig. 2. Mean ± SE structural sub-tidal habitat by shoreline condition: bulkhead, riprap revetment or natural, for fish survey sites on the James River. Structural habitat, such as oyster reefs, clam beds or woody debris was reduced adjacent to hardened shorelines (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.009)

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PC

1

PC2Fig. 5. Multidimensional scaling ordination of James River near shore nekton assemblages adjacent to sites categorized into 5 arrangements of upland land use and shoreline condition

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Results

• Nekton assemblages at sites with low development (<23%) and natural or riprap shorelines were different from all other combinations of altered conditions

• Shoreline alteration and land use are affecting nekton communities

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My Research• Identified and categorized Lake Erie shoreline based on

anthropogenic influences and amount of recovery.

• Identified relationships of these shoreline types with fish community.

J.Ross J.Ross

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Methods• Electrofished 21 sites along southern shoreline of Lake Erie

• Categorization of shoreline:

Altered Recovering (< 50% developed)

Recovered Unaltered

-Metal wall-Riprap (no veg)-Managed beach

-Riprap (with veg)-Unmanaged beach

-Lots of veg-Logs and debris-No armoring

-Natural shoreline-No anthropogenic interference

J.Ross J.Ross J.Ross dreamstime.com

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Results

• Study is still in progress

• The results from a single factor ANOVA showed no significant difference (p=0.37) between the four categories.

• We determined that categories were too broad and did not separate the sites based on factors that affect the fish community.

• Assess land use and benthic data?

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Conclusions• Why? To reduce erosion

• Shoreline alteration is a world-wide issue

• Lake Erie is the most developed of the Great Lakes

• Problems: degrades environment, destroys habitat, increases runoff

• Research Paper: shoreline alteration and land use are affecting nekton communities

• Solutions: permits, buffers, living shoreline, stop building on shorelines

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References• D.M. Bilkovic, M.M. Roggero. 2008. Effects of coastal development on near shore

estuarine nekton communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 358: 27-39

• Department of Natural Resources:• http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/publications/waters/

shoreline_alterations_lakescaping.pdf

• Greg G. Sass, James F. Kitchell, Stephen R. Carpenter, Thomas R. Hrabik, Anna E. Marburg, & Monica G. Yurner. 2006. Fish Community and Food Web Responses to a Whole-lake Removal of Coarse Woody Habitat. Fisheries. 31:7 321-33

• J G Titus, D E Hudgens, D L Trescott, M Craghan, W H Nuckols, C H Hershner, J M Kassakian, C J Linn, P G Merritt, T M McCue, J F O'Connell, J Tanski and J Wang. 2009. State and local governments plan for development of most land vulnerable to rising sea level along the US Atlantic coast. Environmental Research Letters. 4:4 1-8

• http://www.epa.gov/medatwrk/grosseile_site/indicators/sos/shoreline.pdf

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Questions?