Shielding in Li 1s 2s and Li 1s 2p - Boston University
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Shielding in Li 1s22s and Li 1s22p
CH101 Fall 2012Boston University
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The Li atom electron configuration 1s22s is more stable than 1s22p.
The reason is, the 2s electron feels a greater nuclear charge, Zeff, than does the 2p electron.
The following illustrations show qualitatively why this is so.
Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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1s2 portion of Li electron cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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2s portion of Li 1s22s electron cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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2s outer loop of Li 1s22s electron cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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2s outer loop is shielded by 1s2 cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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For ~90% of 2s, Zeff,outer ≈ 0.90 x (3 – 2) = 0.9Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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2s inner loop of Li 1s22s electron cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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2s inner loop is not shielded by 1s2 cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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For ~10% of 2s, Zeff,inner ≈ 0.10 x 3 = 0.3Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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Zeff,2s = Zeff,outer + Zeff,inner = 0.9 + 0.3 = 1.2Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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Li 1s22s valence electron energy
E2s = −13.6 eV Zeff,2s2/4 = − 13.6eV x 1.22/4 = −4.90 eV
Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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2p portion of Li 1s22p electron cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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2p is shielded by 1s2 cloudShielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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For ~100% of 2p, Zeff,2p ≈ 1 x (3 – 2) = 1Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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Li 1s22p valence electron energy
E2p = −13.6 eV Zeff,2p2/4 = −13.6 eV x 12/4 = −3.40 eV
Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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Li 1s22s more stable than Li 1s22p
E2s = −13.6 eV Zeff,2s2/4 = − 13.6eV x 1.22/4 = −4.90 eV
E2p = −13.6 eV Zeff,2p2/4 = −13.6 eV x 12/4 = −3.40 eV
Shielding in Li 1s2 2s and Li 1s2 2p
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