SHELTER IN DISASTER RESPONSE International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
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Transcript of SHELTER IN DISASTER RESPONSE International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
SHELTER IN DISASTER
RESPONSE
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Shelter sector challenges… Terminology – the word “shelter” is
not sufficient in most languages to define the breadth of the sector
There is no right to shelter under IHL – but there is a right to adequate housing
The focus should be on providing adequate shelter for the expected duration of use - defined by the needs of affected populations, rather than emergency, temporary, transitional etc.
Shelter sector challenges… There is no leading agency in the
shelter sector as other sectors – and few leading agencies have shelter in their mandate
The International Federation is one of the leading providers of shelter amongst humanitarian actors – National Societies implement a wide range of emergency, transitional and permanent housing
Beyond survival, shelter should provide…
Protection from climate Security and personal safety Enhanced resistance to ill health
and disease Support for family
and community life Basic human dignity
Shelter solutions should promote…
Use of communal coping strategies Self-sufficiency
and self-management Reducing risks and vulnerabilities Minimising adverse impacts on local
environment and economy Maximising household livelihood
support and local economic activities
What IS shelter…
Shelter should be seen as a process
i.e shelteringNOT only the provision of a product
The process of sheltering…
Before disaster Disaster
& emergencyresponse
Beyond emergency response
Before disaster – over time households build, extend and upgrade houses using materials, cash, contracted local labour or self-help
Beyond emergency response – households receiving shelter assistance will over time extend and upgrade shelter solutions provided using materials, cash, contracted local labour or self-help
Emergency response should support the sheltering process – providing materials, cash, contracted local labour or self-help + technical support as appropriate
Shelter solutions should consider…
Provision of adequate space Protection from hazards and risks Access to safe drinking water and
adequate sanitation and washing facilities
Access to healthcare, schools, social services and livelihood
opportunities Energy for cooking, heating and
lighting Food storage and safe refuse disposal Cultural appropriateness of materials,
design and layout
Shelter should be informed by…
Nature and scale of disaster Climatic conditions and local
environment Political and security situation Context – rural or urban Ability of community to cope Consideration of those secondarily
affected by disaster i.e. host community
Mandate of the host National Society
Immediate shelter response…
Informed assessments – what are affected households doing themselves to meet their shelter needs and how can we assist them?
Use Sphere 2004 Shelter Checklist – adapt as needed. (Chapter 4 Appendix 1 Pg 238)
Informed shelter programming within initial National Society responses and Preliminary Appeals– tarpaulins/plastic sheeting alone is relief NOT shelter programming
Basic shelter recommendations…
Informed by assessment, observation and checking with households what they need
Step 1: Plastic sheeting + tools + fixings + additional materials = shelter kit
Step 2: Appropriate local roofing, framing and walling materials as required + tools (+ cash?) + better building promotion/”construction theatre” = safe adequate & durable shelter
Step 1 buys time to develop a Step 2 approach
Step 2 should be preferred to Step 1 where opportunities and resources permit
Shelter in disaster response…
“Shelter solutions should enable affected households to incrementally upgrade from emergency to durable solutions as soon as possible subject to the availability of the additional resources required”
Shelter beyond disaster response…
Transitional shelter and/or permanent housing – self-help or contracted
Shelter/housing as a livelihoods vehicle Promoting access to safe, adequate
and durable housing Settlement planning to reduce risks
and vulnerabilities Community-based risk reduction
through safer housing and emergency shelter management
Policy and advocacy on housing and land tenure issues