INDIN PHILOSOPHY

SHATDARSHAN

H.F.S . DIPLOMA NO 3

By Mrs Suvarna Newalkar

�Philosophy is love of wisdom

�Study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality & existence

�Philosophy ¹knowledge of reality

Common enquiries in Philosophy and Modern

science:--

How big is the world?

Does the world run because of any laws?

When was the world created?

Is there a creator, maintainer, destroyer of the

world?

What is the purpose of existence?

Is it going to end? ............

�MODERN SCIENCEobservation of external world, experiments, conclusion.

�SCIENCE: Systematic study- / enterprise that builds & organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanation & prediction about universe.

�DARSHAN : Internal experience of fundamental principles .�Pandurangshatri Athwale explains:--Darshna as one which is seen by heart and not eyes.

MODERN SCIENCE:

�About 15 billion years ago : a tremendous explosion : the big bang

�At the point of this event all of the matter & energy of space was continued at one point

�What existed prior to this event is completely unknown & is a matter of pure speculation

�Steady state theory is another important expanding universe theory

ULTIMATE TRUTH? AMitma sa%ya

�Can not be described –�Indescribable/ineffiableAinava-canaIya�AnauBaUtI Experience(self evident)�Timelessness

�Found by a)meams of valid

knowledge

�B)what is truth?

VEDA

3000 to 1500

B.C.

³vaod´

SAMHITA

³saMihta´

MANTRA,

³maM~´

PRARTHANA

³p`aqa-naa´ etc

(KARMAKANDA)

³kma-kaMD´

SHRUTI

Eauit

SAMHITA

³saMihta´

MANTRA,

³maM~´

PRARTHANA

³p`aqa-naa´ etc

(KARMAKANDA)

³kma-kaMD´

AARANYAKA

³AarNyak´

( JYANAKANDA)

³&anakaMD´

UPANISHAD

³]PainaYad´

FUNDAMENTAL

PHILOSOPHY

maUlaBaUt t%va&ana

³&anakaMD´

SMRUTI

smaRit

PURANA

puraNa

HISTORY

[ithasa

DARSHANA

³dSa-na´

ASTIK(ORTHODOX)

³Aaistk´

FAITH/AUTORITY IN VEDAS

³vaodp`amaaNya maananaaro´o

NYAYA ³nyaaya´Ê VAISHESHIKA ³vaOSaoiYak´

PURVA MIMANSA ³pUva- imamaaMsaa´, VEDANT³vaodant´

OR UTTAR MIMANSA³]%tr imamaaMsaa´

SAMKHYA, YOGA ³saaM#ya yaaoga´

CHARVAK

³caavaa-k´

JAIN

³jaOna´

BAUDDHA

³baaOQd´

NASTIK (HETRODOX)

³naaistk´

NO FAITH IN VEDAS

³vaodp`amaaNya na maananaaro´o

NYAYAnyaaya

�Gautam rishi-Nyaya-sutra-16 principles.Believe in God.

gaaOtma ?YaI�Science of logic and it has four means of valid knowledge.

tk-Saas~, ,,, P`amaaNaSaas~ ¹ yaqaaqa- &ana imaLvaNyaacao maaga- va %yaacao p`kar1)perception(pratyaksa)-Direct ¹ with indriya2)Aumana ¹ perception by logic

Anaumaana ¹ inairxaNaatUna tka-nao imaLalaolao3)Upmana-comparison

]pmaana4)Agama ³Shabda´ ¹Testimony- Veda

Aagama ³Sabd´ ¹ vaod

VAISHESHIKAvaOSaoiYak

�Muni KanadakNaad maunaI

�Theory of atoms.prmaaNaUvaad

�All World is made up of seven substances.saMpUNa- jagat saat pdaqaa-pasaUna banalaolao

�Smallest part of substance is atom,which is not seen/understood by Indriyas.

d`vyaacaa lahanaat lahana Baaga prmaaNaU &anaoMid`yaaMvaaTo na samajaNaara

�God created Universe by combining these atoms.[-Evaranao Anaok prmaaNaUMcyaa eki~krNaanao ivaEvaacaI inaima-tI kolaI

PURVA-MIMANSAimamaaMsaa

�JaiminijaOimanaI

�Brahmana-Rituals-ultimate aim-Swarga/moksha.kma-kaMD

�PoojavidhipUjaaivaQaI

VEADANTAvaodaMt

�Advait Vedanta --ShankaracharyaAvdOt SaMkracaaya-

�World is illusory appearance. Brahman is real.ba`( t%vaatUna jagatacaI inaima-tI

�ba`( sa%yaM jagainmaqyaa jaIvaaO ba`(Ova naapraÁ

�Shravan, manana, nidhidhyasEavaNa manana inaiQaQyaasa

SAMKHYAsaaM#ya

�Muni Kapilkipla maUnaI

�dvaita ¹ purusha ³pure consciousness´, prakriti ³jada´vdOt ¹ pu$Ya ³SauQd caOtnya´ p`kRit ³jaD´

� daonhI ek~ AalyaamauLo jagatacaI inaima-tI

�Philosophy of formation of universe from subtle to grosssaUxmaapasaUna sqaUlaapya-Mt jagatacyaa inaima-tIcao t%va&ana

�No ishwara ¹ God behind the formation of universeinaima-tIcao karNa ¹ [-Evar saMklpnaa naahI

YOGAyaaoga

�Patanjal yoga sutra¹ Patanjali munipatMjala yaaoga saU~ ¹ maUnaI ptMjalaI

�Philosophy of samkhyasaaM#yaaMcao t%va&ana

�Faith in God ¹ no reason of formation of universe[-Evar maanalaa ¹ jagatacyaa ]%p%tIcao karNa naahI

�Practices for removing the miseries of lifejaIvanaatIla duÁKinavaarNaasaazI saaQanaa

�Features of others darshanas ¹ BAUDDHA[tr dSa-naaMtIla saMklpnaa ¹ baaOQd

�sava-samaavaoSak Saas~

COMMON FEATURS OF PHILOSOPHYYaT\dSa-naaMtIla samaana saMklpnaa

�Ultimate reality ³[-Evar´

�Universe ³jagat\́

�Individual ³jaIva´

�Faith in rebirth ³puna-janmaavar ivaEvaasa´

�Doctrine of karma³kma-isaQdaMtalaa maanyata´

�Libration ³maaoxa¸ maui@tÊ kOvalya´

CHARWAKcaavaa-k

�?NaM kR%vaa VRtM pIbaot\

�BaismaaBaUtsyaa dohsya punaragamaanaM kutÁ

�MaterialisticsaMpUNa- jaDvaadI

�]pBaaogavaadI

�Non believe in ishwara rebirth karmasiddhanta[-Evar puna-janma kma-isaQdaMt vaOgarovar ivaEvaasa naahI

JAINA ̵ BAUDDAjaOna ̵ baaOQd

�Believe in jeeva, jagat, karmasiddhanta & mokshajaIvaÊ jagat\Ê kma-isaQdaMtÊ maaoxa [.maanatat

�Ishwar ¹ do not believe like other darshanas[-Evar ¹ [tr dSa-naasaarKa maanata naahIt

�vaastvaacao &ana