Shareholder’s plantation visit April 2016 The world of tea · The world of tea Global tea...
Transcript of Shareholder’s plantation visit April 2016 The world of tea · The world of tea Global tea...
Shareholder’s plantation visitApril 2016The world of tea
The Connection to the world of Sustainable Tropical Agriculture
The world of teaGlobal tea production
2.500.000
3.000.000
3.500.000
4.000.000
4.500.000
5.000.000
5.500.000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
World production of tea Tea production has known an annual average growth rate of 4,3% per year.
Average increase per country is: ‐ China +9,6%‐ Vietnam +5,5%‐ Kenya +4,6%‐ India +3,3%‐ Sri Lanka +1,3%‐ Turkey +0,2%‐ Indonesia ‐2,3%
The world of teaGlobal tea production
39%
24%
9%
7%
3%
4%
3%
11%
Global production 2013
CHINA INDIA KENYA SRI LANKA
TURKEY VIETNAM INDONESIA Other
Tea production is primarily done in Asia:
• China and India combined produce 63% of the world’s tea
• Indonesian tea represents 3% of the global production is primarily produced on the island of Java
The world of teaGlobal tea consumption
33%
20%3%2%
3%3%
2%
3%
3%
28%
Tea consumption 2013: 4 636 KTON
China India Russia UK US
Pakistan Egypt Japan Turkey Other
17%
24%
5%4%3%4%
2%4%
5%
32%
Tea consumption 2003: 3 024 KTON
China India Russia UK US
Pakistan Egypt Japan Turkey Other
3,18
2,73 2,70
1,811,61 1,56 1,56
1,361,14 1,05
0,940,74 0,73 0,65
0,41 0,340,22
0,00 kg
0,50 kg
1,00 kg
1,50 kg
2,00 kg
2,50 kg
3,00 kg
3,50 kgkg per capita…
The world of teaTea consumption
The world of teaTypes of tea
41%
25%
28%
6%
2003 tea types
CTC ORTHODOX GREEN OTHERS
37%
22%
32%
9%
2013 tea types
CTC ORTHODOX GREEN OTHERS
‐ Black tea is fermented tea and has two production methods:‐ CTC (“Cut‐tear‐curl”) manufacturing: used in tea bags‐ Orthodox manufacturing: results in big leaves
‐ Green tea is non‐fermented tea‐ Other teas are e.g. Oolong tea (semi fermented), white tea and specialty tea
The world of teaTea prices
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Historical tea price (Mombasa market)
Shareholders plantation visitApril 2016Cibuni tea estate and factory
• The Connection to the world of Sustainable Tropical Agriculture
TEA IN INDONESIA1684 FROM JAPAN : FAILED1827 FROM CHINA : FAILED1878 FROM ASSAM : SUCCEEDED (IN GAMBUNG)
TEA : CAMELLIA
(SINENSIS OR ASSAMICA)
FIRST DOCUMENTED “TEA” :1000 BCE IN YUNNAN.
OOLONG ?
The world of teaTea – history
TOTAL AREA : 121’000HATOTAL PRODUCTION : 132’000MT
(BLACK TEA : 101’000MT, GREEN TEA : 31’000MT)
GOVERNMENT ESTATES : 31%SMALLHOLDERS : 47%PRIVATE ESTATES : 22%
EMPLOYMENT : ABOUT 1 MILLION PEOPLE.
The world of teaTea in Indonesia
CIBUNI : A BELGIAN TEA PLANTATION !FOUNDED IN 1902 BY THE DE DECKER FAMILY.
STILL IN BELGIAN HANDS TODAY.
CIBUNI IS THE LARGEST PRIVATE SINGLE ESTATE IN INDONESIA.THE ESTATE COVERS 2’000HA, EMPLOYS 2’500 PEOPLE.
THROUGH THEIR DEDICATION, THE ESTATE AND FACTORY TEAMS PRESERVE THE
TRADITION OF CIBUNI TEA.
The world of teaCibuni: the hidden river
TOTAL AREA : 2’052HAPLANTED AREA : 1’777HAEMPLOYEES : 2’517
ALTITUDE : 1’000 TO 1’900M
CIBUNI MANAGER
RUSPANDI
TEA FACTORYMANAGER
MASTRI
The world of teaCibuni Tea Estate
GROWING CIBUNI TEANURSERY
PLANTINGPESTS & DISEASES
“TABLES”PLUCKING
PROCESSING CIBUNI TEARECEIVING/CONTROLWITHERING
C‐T‐C“FERMENTATION”DRYING
The world of teaGreat Tea: great efforts
NURSERY
PREPARING THE BUSHES FOR 80 YEARS (OR MORE)
“CUTTINGS” FROM KNOWN BUSHES.INDIVIDUAL POLYBAGS, UNDER TUNNELS.
SHADE PROGRESSIVELY REDUCED.
TIME IN NURSERY : 8 MONTHS.
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
PLANTING
11’900 BUSHES/HA(0.7M X 1.2M)
EROSION CONTROLS.
SHADE TREES.
IMMATURE PERIOD : 3 YEARS.
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
PESTS AND DISEASES
HELOPELTIS THEIVORA (1)
GREEN FLY (2)
WHITE ROOT DISEASE
BLISTER BLIGHT (3)
FIELD MONITORING DAILY BY
PLUCKERS AND
AGRONOMISTS.
(1)(2)
(3)
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
“TABLES”
CRITICAL FOR
PRODUCTION.
“FORMING” DURING
IMMATURE STAGE.
REGULAR PRUNING TO
MAINTAIN TABLES.
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
PLUCKING
PLUCKING BY HAND.
ONE PEKOE (BUD)+ 3 LEAVES.
CAREFUL HANDLING OF
LEAVES TO AVOID BRUISING.
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
CERTIFYING OUR GOOD PRACTICES
CIBUNI IS CERTIFIED UNDER TWO
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR SUSTAINABLE
FARMING.
EVERY YEAR, THIRD‐PARTY CERTIFICATION
BODIES AUDIT CIBUNI FOR COMPLIANCE.
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
THIS IS A WORKING ESTATE !PLEASE BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING POTENTIAL HAZARDS :‐ ALWAYS BE AWARE OF YOUR SURROUNDINGS‐ MIND YOUR FOOTING AT ALL TIMES‐ WATCH FOR VEHICLES‐ BE SUN SMART AND KEEP HYDRATED.
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
Enjoy the field visit
Hatur Nuhun(Thank you)
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
Shareholder’s plantation visitApril 2016Cibuni tea estate and factory
• The Connection to the world of Sustainable Tropical Agriculture
RECEPTION &QUALITY CONTROL
WITHERING(REDUCE MOISTURE)
TEARING & CURLING“FERMENTING”(2H30)
SORTING(PF1, BP1, D1, D2)
DRYING
CRUSHING
TASTING
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
LEAF RECEPTION & QUALITY CONTROL
CHECK LEAF QUALITY
(% "MEDIUM", % "FAULTY")
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
WITHERING
"TROUGHS" : 24.5M X 4M(45 TROUGHS +/‐ 4'300SQM)
CONTROLLED MOISTURE REDUCTION.
AVOID BRUISING.
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
CRUSHING ("C‐")
ROTORVANE.
FUNCTION : START BREAKING CELL
MEMBRANES.
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
TEARING AND CURLING ("‐TC")
"CUTTING ROLLERS" MADE OF
STAINLESS STEEL, 8‐10 TEETH/INCH.ROTATING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS, ATDIFFERENT SPEEDS.DISTANCE : 0.5‐1.0MM.
"TRIPLEX" : 3 CONSECUTIVE CUTS.
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
"FERMENTING"
GENTLE PROCESS, 2 TO 2 ½ HOURS.
LOW TEMPERATURE (20‐29 C) AND
HIGH HUMIDITY (85‐95% RH).
AROMAS DEVELOP.COLOUR CHANGES TO BROWN.
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
DRYING
FLUIDISED BED DRIERS.
TIME : 20 MINUTES.AIR TEMPERATURE : 120‐150 C.
FUNCTION : STOP OXYDATION, MAKE
DRY, STABLE TEA.
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
SORTING
MAGNETIC ROLLS : REMOVE STALKS
AND FIBERS.
VIBRATING MESH : GRADING BY SIZE.
"MADE TEA" GRADES :BP1, PF1D1, D2.
Fresh tea leaves (100kg)
Withered leaves(72kg)
Tea(20kg)
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
TEA TASTING
EXPERIENCE, EXPERIENCE, EXPERIENCE !
FIND DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFY DEFECTS, PREPARE BLENDS.
1/ APPEARANCE(FIBERS, STALKS, COLOUR)2/ INFUSION(BRIGHT/DULL, COPPERY)3/ LIQUOR(STRENGTH, GONE OFF,HARSH, SMOKEY)
The world of teaTea quality
THIS IS A WORKING FACTORY !PLEASE BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING POTENTIAL HAZARDS :‐ ALWAYS BE AWARE OF YOUR SURROUNDINGS‐ MIND YOUR FOOTING AT ALL TIMES‐ CHECK CEILING HEIGHT‐ BE AWARE OF MACHINERY.
The world of teaProducing Cibuni tea
Thank you for visiting Cibuni
The world of teaGrowing Cibuni tea
Hatur Nuhun(Thank you)