SHARED DOCUMENTS Introduction to Networking Fundamentals
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Transcript of SHARED DOCUMENTS Introduction to Networking Fundamentals
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5/28/2018 SHARED DOCUMENTS Introduction to Networking Fundamentals
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Chapter 1
Living in a
Network-Centric World
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Note for Instructors
These presentations are the result of a collaboration amongthe instructors at St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario.
Thanks must go out to Rick Graziani of Cabrillo College. Hismaterial and additional information was used as a reference
in their creation. If anyone finds any errors or omissions, please let me know
at:
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Communicatingin a
Network-CentricWorld
http://www.thinkgeek.com/ -
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Global Access
The globalization of the Internet has succeeded faster thananyone could have imagined.
The manner in which social, commercial, political andpersonal interactions occur is rapidly changing to keep upwith the evolution of this global network.
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NetworksBehind the Scenes
Networks are more than just connecting cables. They are a complex and sophisticated combination of
protocols, softwareand hardware.
Security and Privacy 24 x 7 availability
Quality of Service
Video on Demand
Voice over IP
Redundancy and backup
Mission critical applications and user expectations
Wireless
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NetworksThe Early Days
Early communication relied on face-to-face conversations. The telephone was used for voice and the post office
delivered most of the written communications.
Video communication was one-way using the television.
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NetworksThe Early Days
Early networks were limited to character based information. Communications between computers was not easy and
required a host (no pun intended) of resources to accomplishthe simplest data transfer.
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NetworksToday
Todays networks carry multiple types of information through
many types of devices - SIMULTANEOUSLY.
Voice, Video, Audio, Text, graphics
Silver and DiamondCell Phone $1.3Million
Wind Energy Cell Phone Charger
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NetworksTodayA Global Community
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Networks Supporting The Way We Live
The Internet has quickly become an integral part of our dailyroutines.
Data networks that were once only used to transportbusiness information are now used to improve our quality oflife no matter where we live.
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Networks Supporting The Way We Live
In the course of the day,Internet resources canhelp you.
IM- Instant Messaging:
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Blogs(Weblogs):
Personal opinions on any conceivable subject.
Podcasting:
Sharing recordings with a wide audience (Apple iPods) Wikis:
A collaboration tool. Gives people the opportunity to worktogether on shared documents.
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Networks Supporting The Way We Learn
E-Learning
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Networks Supporting The Way We Learn
Online discussions and access to resources.
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Networks Supporting The Way We Learn
Tools - Packet Tracer
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Networks Supporting The Way We Work
Business networks evolved to enable the transmission ofmany different types of information services, including e-mail,video, messaging, and telephony.
Different companies use different types of networks.
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Networks Supporting The Way We Work
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CCNA1-17 Chapter 1
Networks Supporting The Way We Work
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CCNA1-18 Chapter 1
Networks Supporting The Way We Play
The entertainment and travel industries have made use of theInternet to provide online gaming, music and moviedownloads, online travel bookings, hotel and car reservations
and much, much more.
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CCNA1-19 Chapter 1
Networks Supporting The Way We Play
Some of the most innovative developments in networktechnology have come from the increasing demand forentertainment.
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CCNA1-20 Chapter 1
CommunicationsWhat is it?
Communications can take many forms and occurs in manydifferent environments.
We establish rules, or protocols, for communicating with eachother:
Identify the sender and receiver. Agree on the method.
Common language.
Speed and delivery of the message.
Confirmation that the message was received.
Communications between individuals is successful if themeaning of the received message is the same as themeaning of the message that was sent.
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CCNA1-21 Chapter 1
Communications - Quality
For data networks, we use the same basic criteria to judgesuccessful communication.
However, there are external factorsthat can affect themessage.
The quality of the pathwaybetween the sender and therecipient.
The number of times the message has to change formorbe redirectedor re-addressed.
The number of other messagesbeing transmitted
simultaneously on the communication network. The amount of timeallotted for successful
communication.
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CCNA1-22 Chapter 1
Communications - Quality
There are also internal factorsthat can affect successfulcommunication.
Message Size
MessageComplexity
MessageImportance
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CCNA1-23 Chapter 1
Communications - Quality
It is also more difficult to deliver a large, bulky packagesuccessfully and without damage than it is to deliver severalsmaller packages.
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CCNA1-24 Chapter 1
Network As A Platform
All networks have 4basic elements in common:
Rules (protocols) to govern the handling of the message.
Messages that travel from one device to another.
Medium that is used to interconnect devices and cantransport the messages from one device to another.
Devices on the network that exchange messages.
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CCNA1-25 Chapter 1
Network As A Platform
Messagestake many forms.
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CCNA1-26 Chapter 1
Network As A Platform
Media on a network can be varied.
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CCNA1-27 Chapter 1
Network As A Platform
Devices on a networkCommon Symbols
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CCNA1-28 Chapter 1
Network As A Platform
Rules on a network seem almost endlessbut theyre not.
Other Application Protocols:
DNS, DHCP, FTP
Some Other Protocols:
TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Ethernet, Routing Protocols
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CCNA1-29 Chapter 1
Putting It all Together
1. Converted to Binary.
2. NIC generates signals.
3. Passed among LAN devices.
4. Exit the local area (router).
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CCNA1-30 Chapter 1
Putting It all Together
The many interconnecteddevices worldwide are often
represented by a cloud.
5. Bits are transmitted todevices that interconnectthe networks.
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CCNA1-31 Chapter 1
Putting It all Together
6. Passed among localdevices at the destination.
7. The destination device convertsthe bits into human readable form.
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CCNA1-32 Chapter 1
Putting It all Together
1 2 3 4
5
6 7
At each of these steps, there areprotocols that define the rules for
device communication.
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CCNA1-33 Chapter 1
Putting It All Together
Of course, it always helps to know what youre doing.
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CCNA1-34 Chapter 1
Converged Networks
Traditional telephone, radio, television, and computer datanetworks each have their own individual versions of the fourbasic network elements.
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CCNA1-35 Chapter 1
Converged Networks
Technology advances are enabling us to consolidate thesedisparate networks onto one platform.
A platform defined as a converged network.
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CCNA1-36 Chapter 1
Converged Networks
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CCNA1-37 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
The term Network Architecture: Technologies that support the infrastructure
Programmed services and protocolsthat move themessages across that infrastructure.
There are 4 basic characteristicsfor networks in general tomeet user expectations:
Fault tolerance
Scalability
Quality of Service (QoS)
Security
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CCNA1-38 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Fault Tolerance
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CCNA1-39 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Fault Tolerance: The Internet, in its early inception, was the result of
research funded by the United States Department ofDefense (DoD).
Fault tolerancewas the focus of the initial internetworkdesign.
Early network researchers looked at the existingcommunication networks, which were primarily for the
transmission of voice traffic, to determine what could bedone to improve the fault tolerance level.
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CCNA1-40 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Circuit SwitchedConnection-Oriented Networks
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CCNA1-41 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Packet SwitchedConnectionless Networks
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CCNA1-42 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Circuit Switched Packet Switched
Connection-oriented Connectionless
Dedicated Circuit Shared Circuit
Guaranteed level of service
(Bandwidth, QoS)Messages divided into packets
Inefficient use of Medium Efficient use of Medium
Single path, no redundancyFault Tolerant, multiple possiblepaths
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CCNA1-43 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Scalability
f
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CCNA1-44 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
A good example of scalabilityis the Tier architecture of theInternet.
Tier 2: Pay Tier 1 providers forconnectivity and provide
regional service.
Tier 1: ISPs provide nationaland international connections.(Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, NTT,
cable systems, etc.)
InternetBackbone
Tier 3: Provide service to endusers and are usually connected
through Tier 2 providers.
Th A hit t f th I t t
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CCNA1-45 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Additional providers can be added relatively easily with nodisruption of current services. THAT is scalability!
InternetBackbone
Th A hit t f th I t t
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CCNA1-46 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Quality of Service (QoS)
Th A hit t f th I t t
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CCNA1-47 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Quality of Service (QoS)
Th A hit t f th I t t
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CCNA1-48 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Quality of Service (QoS)
Th A hit t f th I t t
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CCNA1-49 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Security
Th A hit t f th I t t
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CCNA1-50 Chapter 1
The Architecture of the Internet
Security
Ensure Confidentiality:Strong authentication and
appropriate encryption
Communication Integrity:Digital Signatures, Hashing
Algorithms, Checksum
Ensuring Availability:Combating virus attacks,
Firewalls, RedundantArchitecture
T d i N t ki
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CCNA1-51 Chapter 1
Trends in Networking
Increasing number of mobile users
Proliferation of network capable devices
Expanding range of services
C
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CCNA1-52 Chapter 1
Careers
Information Technology and networking careers are growingand evolving as fast as the underlying technologies andservices. As networks increase in sophistication, thedemand for people with networking skills will continue to
grow.
IT i t th N t k it IS the sers
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CCNA1-53 Chapter 1
IT is not the Network it IS the users.
The IT (InformationTechnology) department is notthe network.
The network is the users and
their: Needs
Expectations
Requirements
Uses
If IT doesnt find a way, the
users will!
A Shift in Attitude
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CCNA1-54 Chapter 1
A Shift in Attitude
Old school IT doesnt workany more.
We dont support MACs.
We cant allow that application
on our network. We cant give them access
on our network.
We have too much to do already.
We dont support that. You dont know about networks, so we cant do that.
That would breach our security
Technical and Soft Skills
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Technical and Soft Skills
Networking professionalsneed more knowledge andskills today than ever before.
Tomorrows IT professionalswill need even more.
Just as important, andsometimes even moreimportant, are the soft skills:
Attitude Enthusiasm
Communications skills
Professionalism and Ethics